Dielectric properties of copper-ethanolamine treated Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.)

In order to clarify the interaction between copper and wood substances in wood treated with copper containing water-borne wood preservatives, the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss factor ε″ of untreated wood and wood treated with four concentration levels of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) solutions were determined within a temperature range from –100 to 40°C and a frequency range from 100 to 1 MHz. Three dielectric relaxation processes were observed in the ε″ spectrum; among them R-I is based on the reorientation of methylol groups in the amorphous region of wood cell walls and R-II is related to wood extractives. R-III appeared in Cu-EA treated wood, and its magnitude decreases with the concentration of Cu-EA solutions used in this experiment. This relaxation process was considered to be based on the reorientation of copper-ethanolamine-wood complexes in wood cell walls. At low copper retention, the hydrogen in the complex can form hydrogen bonding with adjacent hydroxyl groups, which results in a strong bonding state between copper and wood; at high copper retention, the numerous copper-ethanolamine complexes not only hinder them from forming hydrogen bonding with adjacent wood molecules due to steric hindrance, but also weaken the interaction between wood molecules themselves, which corresponds to reducing ε″ values of both R-I and R-III processes. The results explain the fact of in-creasing copper leaching in wood treated with high concentration copper-based water-borne preservatives.     

外源表油菜素内酯和过氧化氢对低温处理后湘烟7号幼苗生理特性的影响

以烤烟品种湘烟7号为材料,经4 ℃处理4 d后连续喷施0.01 mg/L表油菜素内酯( EBR、T1)和340 mg/L过氧化氢(H2O2、T2)4 d, 以进行低温处理后喷施蒸馏水的烟苗为低温处理对照(CK1),以未经低温处理喷施蒸馏水的烟苗为正常生长对照(CK2),测定烟草幼苗生物量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、MDA含量、渗透调节物质及根系活力。结果表明：与CK2相比,湘烟7号烟苗经4 ℃低温处理后,根系活力及生物量降低,CAT活性、MDA、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量升高,SOD、POD活性及可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化;与CK1相比,喷施EBR和H2O2的烟苗根系活力、根冠比、保护酶活性均明显提高,干物质量分别提高40%、20%,可溶性糖分别增加66.3%、51.3%,MDA含量分别降低37.8%、37.5%;低温处理后转入常温的第8天和第12天,喷施EBR、H2O2的处理与CK2相比,SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量无显著差异,可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。恢复正常生长温度后,喷施外源EBR和H2O2均能加速烟苗生理指标恢复正常,其中以喷施EBR的效果更好。     

高含硫管道氢致开裂的分形效应及扩展速率计算

氢致开裂是高含硫气田集输管网、长输管网管线钢失效的主要模式之一,为明确管道氢致开裂的机理与过程,对其开裂模式进行了研究。对氢质量浓度在金属裂尖扩展过程中的变化规律进行分析,考虑分形效应的影响,对氢致裂纹的动力学模型进行修正,提出了氢致裂纹扩展的直裂纹-剪切带分形模型:在Gerberich对氢致开裂研究的基础上,基于裂尖的氢化作用与裂纹扩展过程中存在的耦合因素,将断裂过程区的形状与裂纹的扩展长度进行结合,构建了氢致开裂裂纹扩展各阶段分形速率的表达式,得到了更为合理的基于分形效应的氢致开裂数学模型。以材质为16Mn和20钢的天然气管道为例,分别计算了母材与焊缝处的氢致裂纹扩展速率,对比得出两种材料抗H2S的性能,研究结果对于高含硫管道材料的选择具有一定指导意义。     

苯基含氢硅树脂的制备及固化性能研究

以苯基三甲氧基硅烷(Phenyltrimethoxysilane,PTMS)、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane,HTMS)和六甲基二硅氧烷(Hexamethyldisiloxane,HMDSO)为主要原料,酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,采用水解缩聚的方法制备了苯基含氢硅树脂(Hydrogen containing phenyl silicone resin,PHMT树脂),采用傅里叶转换红外线光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIS)和核磁共振氢谱(1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,1HNMR)对其结构进行了表征,并对其制备工艺、固化性能进行了研究.结果表明,甲氧基的水解程度达99.9%,但羟基缩聚不完全,其残留量约为质量分数0.57%.采用含氢量为体积分数0.37%,黏度为722 mPa·s的苯基含氢硅树脂为交联剂,其固化物机械性能较好.     

玉米秸秆发酵产氢条件优化及其产氢特性研究

在批式培养试验中,以牛粪堆肥为天然产氢菌源,以酸解玉米秸秆为底物,通过厌氧发酵生产氢气。利用二因素三水平设计正交实验,考察了初始pH值和初始底物浓度对酸解玉米秸秆发酵产氢的影响,并系统研究了其发酵产氢特性。在初始pH 6.0、底物浓度10g/L的产氢条件下,酸解秸秆的最大产氢量和最大产氢速率分别为265.5mL/(g·TS)和7.9mL/h。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对秸秆形貌进行分析,发现稀酸水解作用可以破坏秸秆的微结构,在发酵产氢过程中混合微生物可直接降解纤维素产氢。     

脱氢松香基有机小分子凝胶因子的合成及其性能

用12-溴-13,14-双硝基脱氢松香酸甲酯合成了一种新型的有机小分子凝胶因子1,4a-二甲基-6-溴-1,2,3,4,4a,17,18,18a-八氢萘基[2,1-h]二吡啶并[3,2-a:2,3-c]吩嗪甲酸甲酯(DBNPM),通过1H NMR,13C NMR,MS和IR等表征手段对产物结构进行了表征。为了考察此小分子凝胶因子的自组装行为,研究了该分子在不同有机溶剂中的成胶性能和形貌。研究发现,在甲醇中临界成胶浓度(CGC)最低,为0.5 g/L;但是在二氧六环中凝胶性质最为稳定。扫描电镜(SEM)照片显示,从甲醇溶剂中得到的干胶呈片状结构,从二氧六环溶剂中得到的干胶呈网状结构;通过红外光谱和XRD测试研究证实,该化合物分子间的氢键是凝胶化的重要驱动力之一。     

不同金属离子对生物质发酵产氢的影响

为揭示不同金属离子在生物质发酵产氢中的作用规律,以混合菌群发酵产氢为研究对象,采用正交试验设计的方法,考察了7种金属离子对生物质发酵产氢的影响。通过对不同金属离子质量浓度及相互关系对发酵产氢影响的综合比较,获得以下结论：促进混合菌群发酵产氢的金属离子组成为：Fe2+ 20 mg/L,Zn2+ 0 mg/L,Ni2+ 1 mg/L,Mg2+ 10 mg/L,K+ 100 mg/L,Fe3+ 100 mg/L,Mn2+ 1 mg/L;H2与CO2、总产气量存在显著的正比关系,与糖利用率无直接关系;以PDB（马     

葡萄糖基质对光合细菌光合产氢过程中菌体活性的影响

研究光合细菌产氢过程中菌体活性的变化及产氢基质对菌体活性的影响对于揭示光合细菌光合产氢本质,提高光合细菌产氢效率具有重要意义。该文以光合细菌为研究对象,以葡萄糖为产氢基质,研究了产氢基质对光合细菌的生长及产氢活性的影响,分析了产氢过程中菌体生长活性下降的原因,并探讨了产氢基质添加浓度对光合细菌吸收光谱的影响。结果发现,光合细菌利用葡萄糖产氢过程中存在着代谢产酸过程,产生的代谢酸引起菌液的酸化,细胞生长受到酸性条件抑制,菌体活性下降。当底物葡萄糖浓度低于3 mmol/L时,光合细菌不产氢,但菌体吸收光谱特征     

Thermal deactivation of high-affinity H2 uptake activity in soils

Soils are the most important sink for atmospheric hydrogen, which is assumed to be oxidized by abiontic soil hydrogenases or by putative high-affinity hydrogenases of microbial origin. The activity of soil hydrogenases has been found to change with soil temperature as it changes during the day and the season. However, it is unclear whether and to which extent the soil hydrogenases are deactivated by increased temperature. Therefore, we incubated soils from different climates and different ecosystems (forest, agricultural, arid, hyper-arid, paddy, peat) at elevated temperature and measured the residual activity at 25 °C after different incubation times. We found that at least part of the soil hydrogenase is deactivated irreversibly already at relatively low temperatures (>30 °C) and short exposure times (>10 min) and that the deactivation was more pronounced in soil from cold versus hot climate. The deactivation kinetics could be fitted to a biexponential model, but were complex with respect to soil type and deactivation temperature. The results show that new hydrogenase activity has to be generated in the soil to compensate for activity loss by diurnal and seasonally increased temperature.