Indirect selection for grain protein and grain yield in winter wheat

Summary The efficiency of the honeycomb selection procedure in selecting outstanding genotypes was observed at two interplant distances (d), i.e. d=100 cm, low density, representing noncompetitive conditions and d=15 cm, high density, representing presence of interplant competition. Progress due to selection among the plants grown with and without competition was established by comparison of the plot performance of offspring from selected plants with that of offspring from plants taken at random. The relation between selection intensity and response to selection was observed to detect a possible negative correlation between competing and yielding ability.So far, the results obtained do not yet allow to make a choice between selection of individual plants in presence or in absence of interplant competition. No significant correlation between single plant yield and plot yield was found at any of the two densities. However, response to selection for yield was higher when selecting at low density supporting Fasoulas' preference for selecting single plants in absence of competition. These results must be taken with caution since seed quality and a biassed sample of random plants exerted an important effect on the obtained response to selection.     

Three cycles of honeycomb selection for herb yield in davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.)

Summary Three cycles of honeycomb selection for herb yield, applied on widely spaced individual plants of davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.), resulted in an increase in yield of 12.4% per cycle when the resulting populations were evaluated at commercial plant density. The selection had no adverse effect on essential oil content, davanone content in oil and plant height.     

蜂窝状生物质燃料活塞式成型机模具优化设计

基于广大农村地区和城镇的生活需要,设计了蜂窝状生物质燃料活塞式成型机。利用ANSYS Workbench1 4.0软件对成型机的模具结构进行建模,并利用响应曲面法对模具结构进行优化设计,确定模具的主要结构尺寸。优化设计结果表明,模具主要结构的设计参数合理,能够满足实际生产的需要,为卸料液压缸及成型机液压系统的设计打下了基础。     

模拟潜流人工湿地处理猪场废水的实验研究

采用盆栽试验模拟潜流型人工湿地，研究了土壤、蛭石、煤渣和碎石四种人工湿地基质不同组合净化养猪场污水的能力。结果表明：以上层蛭石土混合物、下层煤渣和碎石的组合处理效果最佳，14d内COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N、T-P的去除率分别达到了95.3%、90%、91.6%。试验前期，四种不同组合基质的COD_Cr、NH₄⁺-N、T-P去处率有明显差异，但试验后期除T-P的去除率仍有明显差异外，COD_Cr和NH₄⁺-N去除率已无明显差异。     

蜂窝密封的水封特性

为研究蜂窝密封的水封泄漏及流动特性,以两平行平板间的蜂窝密封结构为研究对象,数值求解蜂窝密封间隙内流动控制方程和Vreman亚格子紊流模型.采用有限体积方法离散Navier-Stokes方程,扩散项采用二阶中心差分格式,对流项采用二阶迎风差分格式.通过数值求解,得到了不同蜂窝半径和深度下蜂窝结构和与之相对应的梳齿密封结构的水封泄漏流量,分析了蜂窝密封的水封特性和封严机理.计算结果表明:蜂窝结构比传统梳齿结构具有更好的密封性能,蜂窝半径为6 mm,深度为4 mm时泄漏量相对最小,密封效果最佳.同时还发现泄漏量随着进出口压强差的增大而增大,而受板速影响甚微.最后通过对蜂窝内部流动特性分析发现:流体从间隙进入蜂窝空腔后产生了很强的旋涡而耗散部分动能,这种作用对降压节流起到主要作用.     

Analysis of Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Infiltration System with Layered filling

In order to improve the hydraulic permeability of wastewater infiltration system, two installations were designed with two with layers of red soil and cinder. At the load of 10 cm3/(cm2·d), the average removal efficiency of COD, TP, NH+4-N were different fillers for treating domestic wastewater at laboratory.1 installation was filled with layers of red soil and sand, while 2 obtained 91.1%, 97.6%, 48.7% and 80.1%,respectively by 1 installation; and 94.9%,98.3% and 89.0%,respectively by 2. The average effluent concentrations of nitric and nitrite were 54.7mg/L and 0.09mg/L by 1 installation; and 60.3mg/L and 0.15mg/L by 2. It was found that the removal efficiency of COD,TP and NH4+-N by 2 installation were better than those of 1, whilst 1 installation was more favourable for the removal of nitric and nitrite. The results further implied that layered filling can make good use of its filling performance. The hydraulic permeability of wastewater infiltration system and the removal of pollutants can also be effectively improved.     

两种添加剂对猪粪玉米秸秆堆肥氮素转化和堆肥质量的影响

鲜猪粪和玉米秸秆以鲜重65∶10的比例,分别添加5%的果园土壤和5%的炉渣作为添加剂,在强制通风静态垛堆肥反应器中进行了堆肥化试验。在堆制的44 d里,根据堆温变化分6次采样分析堆肥中各种氮素、有机碳含量和其他性质指标。结果表明:土壤和炉渣的加入对堆温影响不大;但可以降低堆肥高温期水溶性氨氮的浓度,减少氨气的排放,有利于后期有机氮的形成。对照、添加土壤和加炉渣处理在堆制期间有机氮含量的增加幅度分别为:47.4%、56.8%和74.6%;而总氮的增加幅度分别为:46.4%、46.0%和45.3%;堆肥后期有硝态氮的淋失。有机碳的降解率分别为30.7%、29.5%和28.2%;堆肥后期各处理的粪大肠菌值均大于0.111,达到堆肥卫生学标准;且堆制结束时,堆肥的碳氮比在10~13之间,pH值在6~9之间。     

番茄工厂化育苗木糖渣基质与肥料配比研究

研究了以木糖渣为主料配合粉煤灰、煤渣与尿素、磷酸二氢钾、烘干鸡粪配成的不同基质对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：以６０％的木糖渣、３０％的煤灰、１０％的煤渣,每７２孔穴盘加尿素５ｇ,磷酸二氢钾５ｇ,鸡粪２０ｇ的配方做基质可代替蛭石、草炭用于蔬菜工厂化育苗降低蔬菜工厂化育苗成本。     

Effect of mass selection in nil-competition conditions on some traits of four cabbage populations

Mass selection with controlled pollination for heading, resistance to early bolting, fewer frame leaves relative to head size and few cover leaves, was applied for three cycles in four Greek open‐pollinating populations (OPPs) of cabbage in nil‐competition conditions (honeycomb method). The cycle 0 OPPs with their respective cycle 3 OPPs were tested under competition conditions (growers density), in two successive years, to assess the selection response for heading, resistance to early bolting, number of cover leaves and yield. In most cases, the selection response was significant at P = 0.01 or even at P = 0.001. For example, the mean increase of yield estimated over all OPPs across 2 years was 36%, without any undesirable changes in dry matter and soluble solids contents.     

用含铁废渣制取饲料级一水硫酸亚铁

以硫铁矿烧渣为原料,经磁选、熟化、除杂等生产工艺制备出高纯一水硫酸亚铁,研究含铁废渣熟化温度、时间及合成因素对产品的影响。本实验制备的一水硫酸亚铁的纯度达99.5%以上。