小果型冬瓜杂交组合比较试验

为筛选出适合福州地区的早熟冬瓜品种,以绿春小冬瓜为对照,对5个小果型冬瓜杂交组合进行比较试验。结果表明:组合1602早熟性好,抗病性强,果色深绿,果形美观,667 m~2早期产量与总产量分别达到2 623、4 487 kg,分别比对照增产23.8%和9.8%,适宜在福州地区及周边推广种植。     

浦竹仔红色秆变异个体的rDNAITS序列及系统发育研究

通过对浦竹仔红秆变异个体基因组DNA的提取、rDNAITS片段的扩增、回收及测序,分析了其rDNAITS序列,构建了系统发育树。结果表明,供试竹种与Genbank中记录的浦竹仔ITS全长序列相似度为99％,与同属的中华大节竹、酸竹属的酸竹、少穗竹属的少穗竹亲缘关系较近,其遗传距离为0．007和0．010。RNA二级结构模拟分析显示,各参试竹种之间5．8sRNA变异极微小,主要的遗传变异均集中在ITSl-ITS2非编码序列中。由此可以推论该竹种产花色苷性状并非种属差异导致,为样本收集地环境因子诱发基因突变所致。     

Serum chemistry values for free-ranging ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard

BACKGROUND: Diseases and abnormal physiologic conditions can alter the concentrations of enzymes, metabolites, minerals, and hormones in the blood of animals. The ringed seal (Pusa hispida) has been selected as a key species for environmental monitoring, but information on disease and health parameters for this species is scarce. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study reported here was to obtain serum chemistry reference intervals for free-ranging ringed seals in Svalbard, and then to evaluate serum chemistry values in relation to age, body condition, and sex. METHODS: Blood samples were collected after death from ringed seals in Wijdefjorden and Billefjorden, Svalbard (2002-2003; n = 75). Serum was analyzed for 24 selected serum chemistry parameters (enzymes, protein, metabolites, minerals, and cortisol). RESULTS: Compared with younger or older animals, seals between 7 and 16 years of age had larger variations in the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase (CK). Animals classified as having low body condition status had more variation in the serum activity of these enzymes, compared with that in animals with higher condition scores. Serum cortisol concentration was higher in young animals (1-5 years) than in older animals. Serum CK activity was higher in males than in females. CONCLUSION: The data reported here may be useful in monitoring the health of ringed seals and for tracking the impact of environmental changes in the Arctic.     

安徽休宁倭竹水分生理及生物量的研究

休宁倭竹(ShibataeahispidaMcClure)系安徽特有的小型灌木状竹种,通过对该竹种的水分生理、生物量的研究表明:1休宁倭竹的水分利用率较高,为2.76×10-3g/g,虽小于抗旱能力很强的琅琊榆和朴树,但大于抗旱能力较强的青檀和榉树,是湿生树种枫杨的1.49倍,休宁倭竹与榆科树种一样具有较强的抗旱性能;2夏季CO2浓度对水分利用率影响不大,光合速率与水分利用率呈正相关,温度、相对湿度等环境因子影响叶片的气孔导度,也影响了该竹种的光合速率和水分利用率;3休宁倭竹在全光、肥沃土壤环境条件下每1m2活竹可达1300余竿,地上茂密的枝叶截流量大,可减小地表径流;4地下竹鞭发达,纵横交错,形成极为致密的根系网络,地下竹鞭的生物量是地上部分生物量的1.38倍,因此有很强的固土能力。休宁倭竹是一种优良的水土保持竹种。     

Comparative use of vendace by humans and Saimaa ringed seal in Lake Pihlajavesi, Finland

The Saimaa ringed seal, Phoca hispida saimensis, is one of the most endangered ringed seals in the world. Its total population consisted of 240 adult seals in the Saimaa lake complex in 2000. We estimated the amount of vendace, Coregonus albula, consumed by the seals and compared it with fishermen’s vendace catches and our vendace stock estimates in Lake Pihlajavesi, Finland. Our study area was the habitat of 43 mature seals and 17 immature seals as well as 12 pups in 2001. Five commercial two-boat trawlers fished in the area. Vendace stock size was estimated at 660 tonnes i.e., 12 kg ha⁻¹ in the study area in August-September 2001. The vendace catch by fishermen was approximately 250 tonnes, and the vendace consumption by the Saimaa ringed seal was estimated at 68 tonnes in 2001. We estimated that during the whole year seals ate approximately 8% of the vendace spawning stock biomass in the area while fishermen caught 30% of it. The seals and the fishermen together used less than 10% of the available vendace biomass in each month. Fishing pressure on the vendace stock was highest in August-October. The amount of vendace eaten by the seals exceeded the vendace catch in fisheries only in December-April. In periods of low vendace density, the seals can consume a higher proportion of the stock and reduce the catch per unit of effort in fisheries. However, our assumption that seals fed only on vendace should be considered as an extreme scenario when considering the conflict between fisheries and the seal.     

柽柳谷胱甘肽转移酶基因(ThGSTZ1)转入酵母的抗逆能力分析

[目的]研究盐、重金属、低温和高温胁迫下,柽柳GST基因（命名为ThGSTZ1）的抗性作用。[方法]将ThGSTZl基因构建到酵母表达载体pYES2中,转入酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）获得重组型酵母,同时以转化空载体pYES2的重组酵母作为阴性对照;对2种重组酵母分别进行LiCl、NaCl、KCI、CdCl2、ZnCl2、MgCl2、-20和53qC胁迫处理,比较2种酵母的成活率。[结果]ThGSTZ1能有效的提高酵母的抗盐碱及极端温度的能力,表明ThGSTZ1可能参与柽柳的逆境胁迫应答过程。[结论]GST基因具有参与多种胁迫响应和调节的功能。     

毛刺槐试管无性系的建立

建立毛刺槐组织增减植株再生系统，为开展毛刺槐良种选育、定向培育和耐盐机理等方面的，提供基础手段和理论依据紧毛刺槐嫩茎作外植体接种到１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０－２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．０５－０．１上获得无菌苗后，再诱导，分化形成丛生芽，最后在无激素的ＭＳ培养上诱导生根形成再生植株，并讨论了克降毛刺槐试管玻璃化的问题。     

优质高产冬瓜——青杂1号

青杂１号是利用地方品种自交系８５－４与外地引进品种自交系８５－２５杂交而成的冬瓜一代杂种。它具有果实经济性状好、商品率高、果肉厚、种子襄腔小、质地致密、耐贮运、产量高等优点。主蔓２０～２２节现第一雌花，相邻雌花间６～７节。果墨绿色，单果重１０～１８ｋｇ，长８５～９０ｃｍ，横径１６～２３ｃｍ，重容比０．８～０．８５ｋｇ／ｄｍ３，固形物含量３．５％以上。该品种现已在全国近２０个省市推广，种植面积近６０００ｈｍ     

嫁接和有机肥对冬瓜生长发育和根际土壤微生物的影响

为了明确不同栽培方式和有机肥施用量对冬瓜生产效应的影响,建立科学合理的栽培模式,本研究通过裂 区设计田间试验,主区为 2 种栽培方式(嫁接栽培和自根栽培),副区为 5 个有机肥施用水平(0、3 750、7 500、11 250、 15 000 kg/hm2 ),研究栽培方式和有机肥施用量对冬瓜生长发育及根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明：（1）嫁接栽培和 有机肥施用量均能显著影响冬瓜植株干物质重量、产量、果实品质、叶片氮、磷、钾含量及其根际微生物数量。（2） 与自根冬瓜相比,嫁接栽培冬瓜干物质和产量分别平均增加 12.41%和 13.71%;有机酸、可溶性蛋白、维生素 C、可溶 性固性物含量分别平均提高了 33.57%、18.41%、 24.37%和 14.52%;冬瓜叶片氮、磷、钾含量较自根苗冬瓜分别平均 提高了 8.74%、31.02%和 12.06%;嫁接栽培冬瓜根际土壤中放线菌和细菌数量和微生物总量分别平均提高了 16.33%、 28.37%、27.97%,真菌数量减少了 23.62%。（3）无论是嫁接栽培还是自根苗栽培,植株干重、产量、叶片氮磷钾含量、 有机酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素 C 含量、根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量及总微生物数量均随有机肥施用量的增加 而升高。     

柽柳GRAS转录因子基因启动子克隆和表达分析

克隆获得柽柳GRAS 转录因子基因启动子序列,并对其表达模式进行分析,从而初步探究GRAS转录因子基因的表达特征和功能。CTAB法提取刚毛柽柳基因组DNA,按照Genome Walking Kit 说明克隆GRAS 转录因子基因启动子序列,将克隆获得的GRAS 转录因子基因启动子序列定向替换pCAMB1301 载体上的35S启动子序列,构建融合表达载体,以驱动GUS 基因表达,瞬时侵染拟南芥后进行GUS 基因的染色。成功克隆获得刚毛柽柳936 bp 的GRAS 转录因子基因启动子序列。PLACE 和PlantCARE 数据库分析结果表明该启动子不仅包含启动子区的核心元件CAAT-box 和TATA-box,还含有多个与逆境应答有关的顺式调控元件。成功将GRAS 基因启动子序列定向置换pCAMBIA1301 的35S 启动子,构建重组载体PGRAS::GUS。瞬时转化拟南芥后GUS 染色,结果显示转基因拟南芥叶片被染色而根部着色较浅。初步表明克隆获得的GRAS 基因启动子具有启动子表达活性,其可能参与了柽柳的抗逆应答,为进一步分析该基因的抗逆功能和抗逆机制奠定了基础。