豫中沙薄农田土壤水分动态变化分析

 通过土壤水分测定结果,结合当地气象资料,对河南省新郑八千乡沙薄土壤水分季节性和垂直性变化进行了分析。结果表明,该区土壤水分一年内季节性变化可分为土壤水分相对稳定期、缓慢消耗期、大量损耗期、恢复期四个阶段。土壤水分垂直变化表现出耕作层水分含量较低,且变化较快;心土层含水量较耕层高,对土壤水分传导快,干湿变化幅度大,且受降水波及大,干旱对其影响程度较重;底土层含水量较耕作层和心土层高,且较稳定,含水量较为丰足。     

鱼鹅立体化生态养殖技术

主要分析了鱼、鹅立体化养殖的生物学依据、形式、注意事项及经济效益。推算出 1只鹅可年增产鱼 5kg ,每 1/ 15hm2 鱼池配养 5 0～ 6 0只鹅 ,共可增产 30 0kg左右     

细沟侵蚀过程的研究方法

在对侧喷式单喷头降雨装置的降雨特性和模拟天然降雨程度的分析研究基础上,介绍了用人工降雨研究坡耕地细沟侵蚀发展过程的方法,并对结果进行了分析研究。     

Experience of Combating Desertification in Beijing

该文介绍了北京的地理位置、自然条件、风沙区分布及治沙历史,重点分析了北京的治沙经验,即领导重视、全民参与、科技保障、有力的组织形式、适宜的投资与经营机制、重视基础建设、实行先进实用技术组装配套,坚持林果并重、果粮间作和全面发展的原则．最后总结出城郊生态经济型治沙模式．     

国内外保护性农业耕作技术研究

农业保护性耕作的指导思想可以概括为 :在保护环境、提高环境质量、实现农业可持续发展的前提下 ,最有效地利用和节省资源 ,提高农业产量和利润率 ,改善农产品质量 ,发展农业生产。它具有保护土壤湿度 ,增产 ,减少管理的劳动力和时间 ,燃料消耗少 ,节省设备 ,侵蚀控制等优点 ,因而在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国深受农场主的欢迎 ,先后从六、七十年代开始研究、应用 ,到九十年代推广率达 2 5 %以上。在中国免耕法种植技术也有几十年的历史 ,但研究、推广力度小 ,科技人员和农民认识、接受程度仍然很低 ,使用面积非常有限。大力开展保护性耕作技术研究 ,建立试验示范区 ,把保护性耕作技术推广应用到中国北方旱作农业区 ,将是土地荒漠化防治的一条有效途径。     

农田生态系统分析与农业可持续发展

农田生态系统分析是以农民为中心,由自然科学工作者、社会科学工作者、决策管理人员、土地规划人员和农民共同参与,通过研究农民实际生存的农业自然环境、社会、文化、经济环境,结合考虑农民的意愿与抉择,提出解决农田生态系统问题的一种动态过程与方法,其基本目标是实现中小尺度上的农业可持续发展。农田生态系统分析一般包括５个阶段：问题诊断与分析、研究方案设计与规划、方案验证与评价、结果评价阶段和建议与推广应用。据此,提出适宜于不同农业生态系统的可持续发展方案,为区域乃至国家范围的可持续发展提供决策依据。该文分析了农田生态系统分析的概念、起源、目标、特征和研究过程。     

产学研结合 促进农业产业化发展

华南农业大学以技术入股的方式,与广东省温氏食品集团有限公司合作,实现了产学研相结合,促进了农业产业化的发展,由于有了高校的科技优势作依托,企业发展有了强大后盾,实现了决策科学化,管理科学化和生产科学化。与企业合作,学校走出了一条产学研相结合的新路,丰富了教学内容,开辟了科研新天地,建立了稳定的教学实践基地,巩固了学生的专业思想,改善了办学条件,提高了办学活力,实践证明这是一条成功的办学之路。     

国有林区改革的若干思考对黑龙江省以农养林、熟化速生丰产林用地工作的进一步构想

为探索解决国有林区的生存、发展问题,针对黑龙江省等一些国有林区提出以农养林、熟化速生丰产林用地的情况,论述了以农养林、熟化速生丰产林用地工作产生的历史原因、现实状况。同时,分析了困扰国有林区改革的深层次原因,并在此基础上对国有林区森工企业的进一步改革、发展提出了一些设想：国有林区改革应沿着企业现实改革中的步伐,走一条将传统与现实相结合,将森工企业的特殊性与工业企业的一般发展规律相结合,林区实际状况与国家总体发展战略相结合的发展道路。     

Simulating integration of agroforestry into livestock farmers‘ projects in France

Drawing on almost one hundred contemporary farmers‘ experiences, within a French agroforestry experimental network, socio-economic and ecological approaches are combined to assess a set of agroforestry techniques. Among this network, twelve livestock farms were selected in contrasting bioclimatic regions and classified according to land use, stock number and family situation. Farmers were interviewed to define the primary objectives assigned to agroforestry and to build up several scenarios of agroforestry development on their farm. A dynamic resource model was used to predict the effects of agroforestry development on crop and timber production as well as on labour organisation and amenities. An example of simulation, comparing three agroforestry management projects, based on new plantations at wide spacing, farm forestry and silvopastoral thinnings, is developed for a farm in the Cévennes (southern France). The outputs of the model, related to labour requirements, stock number dynamics and landscape diversity are discussed in relation to farmer‘s perception of the role of trees in the farm operation, and the indirect economic benefits sought. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adequate design of control treatments in long term agroforeestry experiments with multiple objectives

Agroforestry experiments usually include control plots of either pure crop or pure tree stands. A clear distinction should be made between intensively managed biophysical controls and farming system controls with realistic labour input and management regimes. Trying to draw biophysical conclusions from farming system controls (or the reverse) is often not justifiable. The design and management of these elusive control plots is a complicated issue which is often overlooked. Many factors beyond the control of the experiment manager can disturb long term field agroforestry experiments. Some examples from French agroforestry experiments illustrate how uncontrolled factors may bias the results, including the proportion of harvested to planted trees, the weeding regimes, and the use of tree- shelters. The analysis of agroforestry data could be more efficient when considering a continuum of tree – crop mixture management options between the agroforestry plot and the non agroforestry plot. The concept of biophysical control plots becomes then less essential. A relevant modelling approach of interactions between trees and crops should 1) perform correctly for any tree/crop proportion and even for pure stands, when setting the parameters of the other component to zero, 2) provide for the inclusion of new, uncontrolled factors that could emerge through time. The biological efficiency of agroforestry systems may however be a subordinate criterion for agroforestry adoption, as observed at the moment in France. Agroforestry systems with poor biological outcomes can even be very attractive in some ecological or sociological conditions, and only farming system controls may bring this aspect to light. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.