PRDM家族蛋白结构与功能研究进展

PRDM家族蛋白是具有一个PR结构域和数量不等锌指结构(除了PRDM11),广泛存在于灵长类、啮齿动物、鸟类和两栖动物中能够调控表观遗传的蛋白。部分PRDM蛋白家族成员的PR结构域具有组蛋白赖氨酸转移酶活性(HMT),影响表观遗传,PRDM蛋白锌指结构具有DNA、RNA、蛋白识别结合能力;另一部分PRDM家族成员虽然具有PR结构域,但不具有HMT活性,在癌症发生、原始生殖细胞特化、神经系统发育、造血、血管发展、胚胎发育中发挥重要作用。PRDM家族蛋白通过甲基转移或募集染色体结构重塑复合物,调控基因表达和修改染色体结构,在细胞特化和疾病调控中起到重要作用。论文综述了PRDM家族蛋白结构与功能最新研究进展。     

版纳微型猪近交系AO血型基因外显子7 和外显子8遗传特征分析

猪的UDP-N-乙酰半乳糖胺转移酶(UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase,UDP-Gal NAc)是负责转移一分子的N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺基(NAc Ga1)到H底物上形成A抗原,从而决定A型血的转移酶,AO血型系统的A基因编码A转移酶。采用PCR技术和直接测序的方法对版纳微型猪近交系UDP-Gal NAc基因外显子7和外显子8进行多态性分析,均仅检测到1种基因型。通过序列比较发现,版纳微型猪近交系UDP-Gal NAc基因外显子7和外显子8与NCBI数据库中14个其他物种的ABO血型基因存在较高的同源性。与人相比,猪外显子7第92~97位缺失编码两个氨基酸的6个碱基。构建的基因进化树分析结果显示版纳微型猪近交系与牛、羊、鲸亲缘关系最近。     

稻瘟病菌假定的糖基水解酶62家族初步研究

 【目的】了解糖基水解酶62家族细胞壁降解酶系在稻瘟病菌致病中的作用。【方法】通过生物信息学方法对稻瘟病菌基因组中假定的糖基水解酶62家族成员进行基因结构、蛋白分泌特性及系统发育分析,并对其中一个成员MGG_01403.6进行过量表达、基因敲除分析。【结果】该家族共有8个成员,均具有细胞壁降解酶（糖基水解酶62家族）保守结构域,且均为胞外分泌蛋白;系统发育分析可以将这些成员分别聚类在两个进化分支中;成员间在不同侵染阶段表达模式有差异;MGG_01403.6过量表达和基因敲除均不影响稻瘟病菌的致病性。【结论】糖基水解酶62家族可能存在功能冗余作用,进一步的双突变或多突变可能是明确这类多基因家族基因功能的重要方法。     

烟粉虱与温室白粉虱羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶性质的比较研究

对温室白粉虱 Trialeurodes vaporariorum和烟粉虱 Bemisia tabaci羧酸酯酶(Car E)、乙酰胆碱酯酶 (ACh E)和谷胱甘肽转移酶 (GSTs)的生物化学性质进行了初步研究。比较 Car E活性 ,烟粉虱显著高于温室白粉虱 ,烟粉虱和温室白粉虱 Car E对底物乙酸 -α-萘酯的 Km 分别为 0 .073mmol/ L 和 3.458mmol/ L。烟粉虱 ACh E活性分布高峰在 2～3m OD/ (min·头 )之间 ,而温室白粉虱 ACh E活性分布高峰在 10～ 15 m OD/ (min·头 )之间 ,烟粉虱 ACh E的 Km 值是温室白粉虱 Km 值的 12 .6倍。烟粉虱的 GSTs比活力为2 .218OD/ (mg pro·min) ,显著高于温室白粉虱的 GSTs比活力 0 .663OD/ (mg pro· min) ,差异达极显著水平 ,烟粉虱 GSTs对底物的亲和力比温室白粉虱高。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒egt基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术对已克隆的ＢｍＮＰＶＺＪ ８株的ｅｇｔ基因５′端非编码区序列进行删除,并将ＰＣＲ片段克隆到质粒ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ８中,测序结果表明ＰＣＲ扩增的片段完全正确,接着将经过改造的ｅｇｔ基因克隆于大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＥＴ２２ｂ（＋）中,在大肠杆菌中高效表达了ＢｍＮＰＶｅｇｔ基因。同时,对Ｂｍ ＮＰＶｅｇｔ基因的密码子使用作了分析。     

New, quick tests for herbicide resistance in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) based on increased glutathione S-transferase activity and abundance

Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) is a major grass weed in winter cereals in Europe. It reduces yields and can act as a secondary host for a range of diseases. Herbicide resistance in this species was first detected in the UK in the early 1980s, and has now been reported in thirty counties. To successfully manage herbicide resistance it is vital that suspect populations are tested so that appropriate action can be taken. Ideally, a test will be quick, cheap and easy to use. Furthermore, it should provide an unequivocal result before post-emergence herbicides are to be applied, allowing alternative strategies to be adopted where necessary. This paper reports the development of new tests for herbicide resistance based on our observation that the resistant black-grass biotype Peldon contains approximately double the activity of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) compared with susceptible biotypes. Data are presented on the production of a monoclonal antiserum to a novel 30 kDa GST polypeptide purified from the biotype Peldon. An ELISA using this antiserum is described and the utility of this assay to detect resistant black-grass biotypes in plants grown under glass and in the field is presented. In addition, a microtitre assay for GST activity is described, which allows the rapid assessment of GST activities of plants. Both abundance and activity of GSTs are discussed as markers for herbicide resistance in black-grass.     

Purification and characterisation of a family of glutathione transferases with roles in herbicide detoxification in soybean (Glycine max L.); selective enhancement by herbicides and herbicide safeners

Glutathione transferases in soybean (GmGSTs) involved in herbicide detoxification in cell suspension cultures were purified by S-hexylglutathione affinity chromatography and resolved by a combination of HPLC and SDS-PAGE into 11 polypeptides. Analysis by Western blotting using antisera raised to three previously characterised tau (GmGSTU) class subunits demonstrated that five polypeptides were related to GmGSTU1, three to GmGSTU2, and one to Gm GSTU3. Plants contained a simpler profile of polypeptides, with a single GmGSTU2-like polypeptide predominating. With respect to herbicide detoxification, two GmGSTU2-related polypeptides dominated the activity toward the chloroacetanilide acetochlor, while an unclassified subunit was uniquely associated with the detoxification of diphenyl ethers (acifluorfen, fomesafen). The inducibility of the different GST subunits was determined in soybean plants exposed to photobleaching diphenyl ethers and the safeners naphthalic anhydride and dichlormid. GmGSTU3, a GmGSTU1-like polypeptide, and thiol (homoglutathione) content were induced by all chemical treatments, while two uncharacterised subunits were only induced in plants showing photobleaching.     

Clinicopathologic evaluation of hepatic lipidosis in periparturient dairy cattle

BACKGROUND: Fatty change of the liver (FCL) is very common in dairy cattle periparturiently. Many laboratory methods have been implicated in order to assist the diagnosis. HYPOTHESIS: To investigate whether FCL in dairy cattle could be evaluated by assessment of ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT) by means of an assay modified for bovine serum, other enzyme activity, serum bile acids (SBA) concentration, or other biochemical constituents. ANIMALS: A total of 187 dairy cattle were included: 106 were suspected to have liver dysfunction and were examined after referral by veterinarians; 70 were clinically healthy with mild FCL; and 11 were clinically healthy without FCL. METHODS: Blood and liver biopsy samples were obtained after clinical examination. Histologic examination by light microscopy and classification of samples according to the severity of FCL was done, and total lipid and triglyceride concentration was measured. In serum, OCT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity as well as SBA, glucose, ketones, total bilirubin (tBIL), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration were measured. RESULTS: OCT and AST activity and tBIL concentration correlate well with the degree of FCL. SBA concentration does not contribute well to FCL diagnosis. The majority of FCL cases appeared within the first 21 days-in-milk (DIM). The majority of moderate-to-severe and severe FCL cases arose in the first 7 DIM. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Except for OCT, AST, and tBIL, none of the biochemical tests used, including SBA, had sufficient discriminatory power to differentiate reliably between mild and severe FCL because of poor sensitivity. A weak correlation between clinical signs and the extent of FCL was evident.