Research inSolanum spp. of sources of resistance to the potato tuber mothPhthorimaea operculella (Zeller)

Summary The potato tuber moth (PTM) represents a dangerous pest on potato crop in Italy, spreading out from southern areas to central and northern areas. Introductions ofSolanum berthaultii, S. commersonii, S. pinnatisectum, S. sparsipilum, S. spegazzini, S. sucurense, S. tarijense wild species andS. tuberosum × S. berthaultii hybrids were evaluated for resistance to a PTM population isolated from a field in central Italy, by means of an antibiosis test on tubers in the laboratory and of an antixenosis trial in the field. SeveralS. sparsipilum andS. pinnatisectum clones showed an antibiosis effect on larval survival and antixenosis of the aerial and the hypogeal parts of the plant. In the field, the genotypes with leaf glandular trichomes did not revcal the expected antixenosis effect of the acrial part of the plant.     

不同化合态氮浓度对大豆根瘤菌结瘤和固氮作用的影响

不同化合态氮浓度对大豆根瘤菌结瘤和固氮作用的影响＊刘莉周俊初陈华癸（农业部农业微生物重点实验室,华中农业大学,武汉４３００７０）ＴｈｅＥｆｅｃｔｏｆＤｉｆｅｒｅｎｔＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎＣｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅＮｏｄｕｌａｔｉｏ...     

用~(75)Se、~(65)Zn示踪研究微量元素硒、锌在家兔毛中沉积与体内代谢的关系

本研究以大耳白家兔为实验动物,分别用含硒,锌水平不同的饲粮预饲２个月后,每组５只动物各灌喂１次＾７５Ｓｅ－亚硒酸钠,＾６５Ｚｎ－硫酸锌溶液。测定了＾７５Ｓｅ,＾６５Ｚｎ的吸收,排泄与转移到毛中沉积的过程,实验末检测了各器官组织中了存留量。从测定背部被毛中的放射性变化的结果表明,＾７５Ｓｅ,＾６５Ｚｎ能较快的从体内转移到被行中,动物处理后第７ｄ和第５ｄ在背部被毛的基段和上段都测得了＾７５Ｓｅ和＾６５     

辽宁绒山羊与本地山羊杂交改良效果分析

分析了杂交一代山羊在体型外貌、体重、体尺、产绒量、绒长、粗毛长等性状与本地山羊的差异。结果表明,F1代杂种羊具明显的父本外貌特征,其粗毛及羊绒为白色。在体重与体尺土,F1代杂种羊与本地山羊差异不显著（P＞0.05）,F1代杂种羊的产绒量、绒长、粗毛长明显高于本地羊,差异极显著（P＜0.01）。经分析,单从产绒量上每只杂交一代羊较本地山羊增加收入6－10元,经济效益明显。     

原子吸收分光光度法测定人发痕量镉的研究

以硝酸—高氯酸为消化液,消解人发试样,采用碘化钾—甲基异丁酮萃取发样中的镉,采用原子吸收分光光度法,将有机相喷雾测定。并且对直接法、标准加入法和原子吸收分光光度法进行了比较。本测定方法 C? V小于 3.1%,标准加入回收率在 95.6%～103.2%之间,结果可靠,适用于人发中痕量镉的测定。     

调控动物性状相关长链非编码RNA的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是基因转录过程中产生的一类长度大于200个核苷酸(nt)的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)。lncRNA的表达水平通常低于mRNA,且无高度保守序列,缺少开放阅读框,但它们具有更强的组织特异性表达模式。lncRNA可以通过与DNA、RNA(mRNA,miRNA,环状RNA)和蛋白质进行相互作用来发挥其功能,因此可作为信号分子、诱导物等来调节复杂的基因表达网络。作为一种新的调节分子,lncRNA正在成为基因表达调控中新的重要参与者,且近年研究表明,其与家畜动物性状调控密切相连。本文对lncRNA在动物肌肉生长分化、脂肪沉积、毛囊发育和繁殖方面进行了综述,旨在为lncRNA在家畜遗传育种上的应用提供依据。     

Determination of Festuca filiformis seedbank characteristics,seedling emergence and herbicide susceptibility to aid management in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)

Festuca filiformis is a common perennial grass in lowbush blueberry fields, but little is known about the general biology, seedbank characteristics, seedling recruitment or susceptibility of seedlings to currently registered herbicides. The objectives of this research were to determine (i) the presence of F. filiformis seedbanks in lowbush blueberry fields, (ii) whether F. filiformis seedbanks accumulate near the soil surface in lowbush blueberry fields, (iii) the dormancy status of fresh F. filiformis seeds, (iv) the temporal patterns of seedling recruitment in established F. filiformis populations, (v) whether F. filiformis has a vernalisation requirement for flowering in lowbush blueberry and (vi) susceptibility of F. filiformis seedlings to various herbicides currently registered in lowbush blueberry. Festuca filiformis formed a seedbank in lowbush blueberry fields, with an average of 1660 ± 272–5680 ± 1409 seedlings m^?2 emerging from soil cores collected from two infested fields. Most seeds were located at the soil surface, providing opportunities for seedbank management through predation or burning. Fresh seeds lacked dormancy and readily germinated, although germination was reduced by dark conditions. New seedlings emerged in spring and autumn and required vernalisation to flower. Seedlings were susceptible to several currently registered herbicides in lowbush blueberry, although mortality rates were highest in plants treated with glufosinate, flumioxazin, glufosinate + flumioxazin and terbacil. Growers should avoid movement of seeds on machinery, and additional research should be conducted to determine the effects of registered herbicides on F. filiformis seedling recruitment under field conditions in lowbush blueberry.     

Identification and selection of resistance to Bemisia tabaci among 550 cotton genotypes in the field and greenhouse experiments

Plants have developed sophisticated systems to cope with herbivore challenge, including morphological barriers and secondary metabolites to reduce damage. In this study, 550 Gossypium genotypes were evaluated for whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) resistance in five experiments including two in the field and three in the greenhouse, with 23 resistant and 19 susceptible genotypes selected. Whitefly-resistance index determination showed that a leaf having a high density of hairs had resistance to whitfly egg/nymph production. Longer leaf hairs were also important for resistance. This study revealed that okra shaped leaves reduced adult whitefly oviposition preference, while glabrous leaves and high hair density helped not only in the reduction of the adults but also decreased oviposition preference. Gossypol was also observed to be involved in the reduction of adult whitefly development and/or survival.     

褪黑激素对长毛兔毛囊细胞凋亡的影响

为研究褪黑激素对皖系长毛兔毛囊细胞凋亡的影响及相关机制,选择60只皖系长毛兔,随机均分成4组,1组不埋植褪黑激素(对照),另3组每只兔按25 mg(低剂量组)、40 mg(中剂量组)和55 mg(高剂量组)分别埋植褪黑激素,饲养70 d后,进行组织病理学观察和RNA的转录组高通量测序及q PCR表达分析。结果表明:通过组织切片观察,证实55 mg褪黑激素处理能有效抑制毛囊细胞凋亡,维持细胞正常形态;通过对高剂量组和对照组测序,得到25个差异表达基因,其中有14个基因上调,11个基因下调,涉及通路包括嗜T细胞病毒感染、坏死性凋亡、甲状腺癌、铁死亡、I型糖尿病和胰岛素信号通路,其中坏死性凋亡、铁死亡通路与长毛兔毛囊凋亡相关;选取4个与凋亡相关的差异表达基因进行荧光定量验证,得到新基因MSTRG.3561表达显著上调,SLC25A5表达下调,但差异无统计学意义。     

湖羊羔皮候选基因在不同花纹间的表达与毛囊发育特性关联的研究

【目的】研究5个候选基因在不同花纹组间的表达量与毛囊各指标的相关性,进一步了解候选基因与毛囊发育特性间的关联,筛选用于后期功能验证的基因。【方法】利用荧光定量PCR技术检测5个基因在不同组别间的表达量,结合组织学与显微观测技术,分析5个基因与毛囊发育间的关联。【结果】湖羊毛囊成群分布,湖羊大花、小花、中花多以3毛囊群居多,直径较大的为中心初级毛囊,直径相对较小的为侧部初级毛囊。湖羊大花与中花、小花初级毛囊直径呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,小花与中花初级毛囊直径差异不显著（P＞0.05）。中花次级毛囊直径与大花、小花次级毛囊直径呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,但小花次级毛囊直径与大花次级毛囊直径差异不显著（P＞0.05）。初级毛囊数大花、中花、小花间差异均不显著（P＞0.05）,但相同视野中大花初级毛囊数多于中花、小花。中花次级毛囊数与大花、小花次级毛囊数呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,但大花、小花次级毛囊数差异不显著（P＞0.05）;MMP2基因在中花皮肤组织中的表达量与大花、小花分别呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,在大花皮肤组织中的表达量与小花差异不显著（P＞0.05）;BMP7基因在大花皮肤组织中的表达量与小花呈显著差异（P ＜0.05）,在中花皮肤组织中的表达量与大花、小花分别差异不显著（P＞0.05）;SFXN1基因在小花皮肤中的表达量与大花、中花分别呈显著差异（P＜0.05）,在大花皮肤组织中的表达量与中花差异不显著（P＞0.05）。其余基因在3组个体间差异不显著;MMP2基因相对表达量与大花次级毛囊数呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。BMP7基因相对表达量与小花初级毛囊直径呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与小花次级毛囊数呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与中花初级毛囊直径、次级毛囊数呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）;SFXN1基因相对表达量与大花初级毛囊呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）,与小花初级毛囊直径、小花次级毛囊直径分别呈显著正相关及极显著正相关,与中花初级毛囊直径呈极显著负相关。在BMP7基因表达量相同情况下,小花初级毛囊直径比中花初级毛囊直径大,小花次级毛囊数比中花次级毛囊数多,这与切片结果相符。MMP2基因在表达量相同情况下大花毛囊数多于小花,中花最少,这与切片结果一致。此外,在SFXN1基因表达量相同情况下,小花毛囊直径最大,大花次之,中花最小,这虽与切片结果不相符,但大花、小花次级毛囊数相差很小,总体来说趋势相同,结果基本相符。其余基因虽与毛囊相关指标存在关联,但在大中小花组表达差异不显著,【结论】BMP7、MMP2、SFXN1三个基因可作为湖羊早期羔皮选育的重要候选基因。