猪圆环病毒2a/2b亚型病毒株灭活疫苗及其重组Cap蛋白亚单位疫苗的交互免疫实验

为评价猪圆环病毒(PCV)2a/2b两种基因型病毒株及其重组Cap蛋白(rCap)之间的交互免疫,本研究采用PCV2a-LG株和PCV2b-YJ株制备了2种病毒灭活疫苗,及其重组杆状病毒表达的2种Cap蛋白(PCV2a-rCap和PCV2b-rCap)亚单位疫苗.选用8周龄BALB/c鼠165只,随机分成11组,每组15只,用上述4种疫苗各免疫2组,以PCV2a或PCV2b株攻毒.攻毒后,所有鼠均未见肉眼可见的临床症状和病理变化.采用IPMA法检测抗体,4种疫苗于免疫第3周抗体转阳,第5周抗体效价达到1:200～1:800倍,其中PCV2a-rCap免疫组抗体效价最高.2种灭活苗和PCV2a-rCap免疫组攻击同型或异型病毒株均可以获得完全保护.以PCV2a和PCV2b各为指示病毒对病毒抗血清和rCap蛋白抗血清进行交叉中和试验,同型病毒株与同型血清的中和抗体效价均高于异型病毒株.病理观察显示,免疫鼠均未见明显病理变化,攻毒对照鼠肺脏出现一定程度的病理损伤.本研究表明,病毒灭活疫苗及其rCap亚单位疫苗PCV2a和PCV2b可提供交叉保护.     

Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mixed pasture of timothy and orchardgrass,and its badly preserved silage

In order to understand the relationship between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species and silage fermentation, a total of 65 LAB strains isolated from mixed pasture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and its badly preserved silages were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis. According to these analyses, the isolates were divided into 13 groups, including Enterococcus gallinarum, Lactobacillus acidipiscis, L. coryniformis subsp. coryniformis, L. coryniformis subsp. torquens, L. curvatus, L. paraplantarum, L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella hellenica, Weissella paramesenteroides and Carnobacterium divergens. This is the first report to document that C. divergens, L. acidipiscis, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, L. garvieae, phenotypically novel L. lactis subsp. cremoris, E. gallinarum and W. hellenica are present in vegetative forage crops. L. plantarum group strains were most frequently isolated from the badly preserved silages. Some isolates showed a wide range of growth preferences for carbohydrate utilization, optimal growth pH and temperature in vitro, indicating that they have a high growth potential. These results are useful in understanding the diversity of LAB associated with decayed silage of timothy and orchardgrass.     

模拟铅胁迫下玉米不同基因型生长与铅积累及各器官间分配规律

我国遭受重金属污染的土地中有87%左右是中轻度污染土壤类型,深入研究不同植物对重金属的吸收和转运积累规律,是科学利用植物和土壤资源的重要基础工作。通过玻璃网室盆栽模拟污染的手段,研究了玉米6种基因型在铅中度污染胁迫（800mg·kg^-1）与轻度污染胁迫（400mg·kg^-1）下的植株生长、铅吸收积累及其在玉米不同器官间分配的规律。结果表明,不同铅污染胁迫下,玉米不同基因型的生长及铅吸收量达到极显著差异（P〈0.01）,铅在不同器官之间的分布形式也存在显著的基因型差异。轻度铅污染胁迫不同程度地促进玉米所有供试基因型的生长,而中度污染胁迫下糯玉米基因型生物量最大。与正常土壤对照条件下的表现相比,不同程度铅污染胁迫下基因型申甜1号的生物量增幅最大,表现出较强的铅耐受能力。不同基因型的玉米体内铅积累量随着污染水平的提高而增加,各器官内铅积累浓度差异规律为根〉叶〉茎〉穗。掖单13号具有较强的铅转运能力（TF=0.6628）,申甜1号的生物富集能力最强（BCF=0.0264）,掖单13号和申甜1号均具有较强的铅吸收和积累能力,属于潜在的高积累基因型。但掖单13号根部富集量少而穗部积累多,申甜1号根中铅积累较多而果穗中较少。2个甜玉米基因型果穗内铅积累量较少,其含量符合国家规定的食品生产相应的安全标准。     

棉花耐低钾材料的苗期筛选与评价

在棉花苗期沙培盆栽条件下,以棉株生物量、吸钾量、钾利用指数及地上部干物质质量4项指标对38份棉花材料进行了耐低钾材料的评价与筛选。结果表明,各材料耐低钾能力存在较大差异,其中D5、D13、D37材料在低钾胁迫下表现干物质积累多、吸钾量高及钾利用指数高等特点,这3个材料在低钾环境下仍能很好地生长发育,属于耐低钾型材料;而D7、D16、D28、D35、D38等材料则表现恰恰相反,4指标综合表现较差,表明这些材料对土壤缺钾比较敏感,属于低钾敏感型材料。筛选出的耐低钾型材料将作为棉花耐低钾遗传改良的种质资源,也为开展棉花钾营养高效机理的研究提供基础材料和数据。     

秦岭北麓关中地区野鸟源基因Ⅸ型新城疫病毒病原学监测及分离株毒力测定

为评价秦岭北麓关中地区野鸟源基因Ⅸ型斯城疫病毒(NDV)流行及毒力情况,对374份源于该区域健康野鸟的咽喉、泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离与鉴定,并对NDV分离株进行生物学特征和遗传进化分析.结果共分离到5株野鸟源NDV(包括2株候鸟源),其致病指数MDT、ICPI、IVPI差异较大,分别为37.2～64.8 h,0.425～1.638,2.04～2.76.F基因(535 bp)推导氨基酸序列和同源性分析显示,5株NDV分离毒均具有强毒的融合(F)蛋白裂解位点112R-R-Q-R-R-F117,5株分离毒间同源性高达99.8％～100.0％.F基因高变区(42～420 nt,374 bp)分析显示5株分离毒均属于我国特有的基因Ⅸ型NDV,与我国早期的基因Ⅸ型NDV流行株F48E9亲缘关系很近(核苷酸同源性为99.4％～99.6％),而与La Sota和V4等传统疫苗株及目前家禽中流行基因Ⅶ型NDV毒株亲缘关系较远.本研究表明,健康野鸟为基因ⅨNDV的携带者,尽管首次获得的5株野鸟源基因Ⅸ型NDV毒株生物学特征差异较大,但均具有强毒的分子生物学特征及致病性,提示对周边环境和家禽养殖业存在潜在威胁.     

Response of Osmotic Regulation Substance Content and Protective Enzyme Activities to Shading in Leaves of Different Rice Genotypes

Effects of shading at the flowering and grain filling stages on osmotic regulation substance content and protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes (e.g.,IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838) were investigated.The results showed that the malondialdehyde content of Gangyou 188 significantly increased under shading,whereas those of IIyou 498,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838 showed no significant differences compared to the control.The soluble sugar content significantly decreased in IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103 and Chuanxiang 9838,whereas it did not significantly increase in Gangyou 527 under the weak light conditions (shading).Moreover,the soluble protein content in the leaves of different genotypes tended to decrease under shading.Further,the protective enzyme activities in the leaves varied in different rice genotypes under the shading treatment.Based on the osmotic regulation substance content and the protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes,it was concluded that Gangyou 188 and Gangyou 527 had strong abilities to adapt to the low light conditions.In addition,the mechanism of damage to rice leaves in different genotypes under shading was discussed.     

Parental Selection in Rice Cultivar Improvement

The evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars assists breeders in identifying useful trait relationships and in selecting parents as donors of specific traits. This study was conducted to compare long-grain rice cultivars using genotype × trait (GT) biplot analysis and determine potential donors of traits related to grain yield and quality. Seventeen cultivars in the 2005 and 2006 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in Beaumont, Texas, USA were analyzed for 20 traits using GT biplot analysis. The GT biplots showed the diversity among cultivars with regards to yield-related traits. Cultivars recommended as donor parents were: Trenasse, Spring, Presidio, and Cocodrie for high grain yield and head rice rate; Trenasse and Presidio for semi-dwarfness; Banks for tall plant height; Wells for high flag leaf area, panicle weight, and number and mass of filled grains per panicle; Hidalgo for high tiller density; Francis for high number of spikelets per panicle; Spring and Trenasse for short flowering duration; Cheniere for more days to heading and maturity and Spring for less days; and Spring and Hidalgo for high grain weight. Breeders can use these cultivars with specific traits to increase grain yield and quality.     

基于BLUP和GGE双标图的华北落叶松家系区域试验分析

【目的】为综合评价华北落叶松参试家系的速生丰产性、稳定性及各试验地点的区分力和代表性,利用基因型主效加基因型-环境互作效应(GGE)双标图对2017年度华北落叶松区域试验中参试家系的生长数据进行分析。【方法】基于冀北地区4个试验地点26个华北落叶松家系的胸径数据,首先拟合3个线性混合效应模型,各个模型均具有相同的固定效应(“地点”和“地点中的区组”)和残差方差结构(行、列自回归AR1×AR1,以进行空间分析),其中,模型1为随机效应中包含2个公因子的因子分析模型(FA模型),模型2、3分别为随机效应里不含测量误差以及包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型);基于AIC信息准则选出一个最优模型,之后利用最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)法得到各家系在各地点的胸径BLUP数据;基于胸径BLUP数据做GGE双标图分析,对华北落叶松家系和试验地点进行评价。【结果】基于AIC信息准则,模型3(空间变异结合包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型))被选为最优模型;基于胸径BLUP数据的GGE双标图的前2个主成分的方差解释百分比之和为92.4%,表明结果可靠;4个试验地点被分成2组,地点L1(张家口赤城马营沟)、地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)和地点L4(承德围场查字)为一组(以111号家系的胸径最大),地点L2(承德围场御道口)为一组(以78号家系的胸径最大),相对而言,地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)能更有效地选择速生丰产且稳定的家系;各家系在不同试验地点上的表现有所不同,总体而言,26个华北落叶松家系中,111号的胸径(产量)最大,接着是78、72、82、76、59、100、77、56、86、96等系号,胸径(产量)最小的是1号,97、116、53、35、46、66和49号等家系的胸径(产量)也较低,68和42号家系的胸径(产量)接近总体均值;96、86、100和76号是速生丰产且稳定的家系,速生丰产家系111、72、56号的稳定性居中,速生丰产家系78、82和77号的稳定性中等偏下,而速生丰产家系59号则不稳定。【结论】模型3(空间变异结合包含测量误差的非结构化矩阵模型(US模型))较另外2个模型而言,结果更为可靠。地点L3(张家口沽源柳条沟)既具高区分力,又具高代表性,能更有效地评价家系。家系96、86、100和76号兼具速生性、丰产性和稳定性,可被广泛推广。基于BLUP的GGE双标图能有效应用于华北落叶松家系及试验地点的评价,本研究可为冀北地区华北落叶松的家系选择和应用提供决策支持。     

Cf-2/Rcr3pim番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗性测定

Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄不仅能够抵御番茄叶霉菌的侵染,而且对马铃薯金线虫的寄生也有一定的抑制效果。为挖掘根结线虫的新抗性资源,本研究采用室内人工接种法测定了Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)、Cf-2/Rcr3-3和Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗感性。抗性评价结果显示,Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)品系对南方根结线虫表现高感,Cf-2/Rcr3-3品系为中感,而Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)品系则为感病。与Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)和Cf-2/Rcr3-3基因型相比,Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系虽然对南方根结线虫侵染的敏感性略低,但是不能阻止线虫在根系上的大量繁殖,不适于根结线虫的防控应用。