小型农产品分选机设计与试验

针对家庭农场及小规模营销的需要,设计了基于机器视觉的小型农产品分选机。农产品在平胶带上形成多通道阵列式输送,以DSP作为机器视觉单元的核心,采集一帧图像可分析多个通道,并根据农产品的形状、颜色等图像特征进行分选。在水平输送速度为9.2 cm/s、农产品输送间隔为16 cm、4通道并行输送的条件下,选用核桃、红枣及栗子3种农产品进行了分选机性能测试。试验表明,机器能够可靠工作;核桃、红枣和栗子的分选准确性分别为91.66%、94.79%和97.39%;分选速度达8 800个/h。因此采用DSP芯片作为小型分选机的机器视觉核心是可行的,可以为农产品分选机的小型化、低成本提供技术支持。     

葡萄糖水溶液环境对麦秆水热产物特性的影响

为了研究葡萄糖对水热炭化反应过程和水热焦形成的影响,以麦秆为原料,利用高温高压反应釜,对麦秆在葡萄糖水溶液环境中的炭化反应过程和水热焦理化结构演变及液相产物主要组分浓度分布的变化进行了分析。研究发现,在反应温度220℃,停留时间120 min条件下,随着葡萄糖添加量的增加,水热焦产率和碳质量分数有所增加,而氢和氧质量分数未发生明显改变,当葡萄糖添加量为麦秆质量的0.4倍时,水热焦产率达68.56%;葡萄糖分子阻碍了麦秆中主要化学组分的分解与炭化反应,使得水热焦炭聚合物的红外吸收特征峰减弱,同时XRD衍射峰强度降低,热稳定性下降,如选择水热炭化过程水循环利用,可进行可溶性糖分离;在麦秆与葡萄糖共同水热炭化过程中,葡萄糖以分解反应为主,同未添加葡萄糖的麦秆水热炭化液相产物相比,糠醛、5-HMF和乙酸的质量浓度均有所增加,其中5-HMF增加最为显著,至葡萄糖添加量为4 g时,达20.21 g/L。     

无公害畜禽产品发展分析与对策

分析了我国畜禽产品的现状、存在的问题以及解决问题的对策与方法，指出了大力推进无公害畜产品发展是21世纪畜牧业发展方向。     

兰成渝成品油管道分输调度软件的开发与应用

结合兰成渝管道实际生产需要,研发了一套与之相适应的管道分输调度软件.该软件由原始数据的输入、分输计划制定和输出三个独立模块构成.现场应用表明,该软件实用性强,用于编制和生成管输油品分输计划较为便捷、高效.该软件的应用可及时为管道经营者提供准确的管输油品的输送计划和信息,利于成品油销售商及时抓住市场契机获取更大的经济效益.     

基于检疫风险的植物产品动态分级管理模型初探

本文介绍了ISPM32号标准框架下基于有害生物风险的商品分类管理的总体思路和我国现行的植物检疫措施,比较了我国现行检疫措施与ISPM32号标准的区别,提出了基于检疫风险的植物产品动态分级管理模型,以期为建立适合我国国情的植物检疫分类管理体系,推进植物检疫措施规范化、标准化、国际化提供参考。     

木/竹基复合材料在机电产品包装的应用

我国机电产品的包装大量使用实木材料,面临着资源紧张和成本高昂等问题。通过分析机电产品包装材料的结构形式和承载要求,讨论重组木/竹复合材料在包装行业应用的可行性,从政策、成本和性能等方面,总结新型重组木/竹复合材料替代实木材料用于机电产品包装的优势及发展前景。     

Cost structure of and competition for forest-based biomass

Abstract

Biomass has become a popular alternative to satisfy expanding energy demand and as a substitute for fossil fuels and phased-out nuclear energy in Europe. The European Union White Paper stipulates that the utilization of biomass shall increase to 1566 TWh by 2010. However it is often overlooked that the forest resources are already, to a large extent, used by the forest industries. When promoting biomass for energy generation the consequences for the forest industries also need to be considered. Sweden is an excellent case study, as there are vast quantities of forest resources, nuclear power is starting to be phased out, there are restrictions on expanding hydropower and the political desire exists to “set an example” with respect to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper attempts to estimate and analyse the supply of two types of forest resource, namely, roundwood and harvesting residues derived from final harvesting and commercial thinnings. Two separate supply curves are estimated: one for roundwood and one for harvesting residues. The cost structure is based on an economic-engineering approach where the separate cost components are constructed from the lowest cost element into aggregates for labour, capital, materials and overhead costs for each forest resource. The results indicate an unutilized economic supply of 12 TWh of harvesting residues in Sweden. However, after these 12 TWh have been recovered it becomes more profitable to use roundwood for energy purposes than to continue extracting further amounts of harvesting residues.     

水产品进出口贸易对渔业经济增长的影响——基于沿海地区的面板数据实证分析

随着沿海地区经济的不断发展,沿海地区渔业和水产品进出口贸易的发展取得了巨大的成就。以我国沿海地区11个省市2003—2007年的水产品进出口贸易额、固定资产投资额、渔业劳动力和渔业经济产值数据为样本,采用出口扩展型生产函数模型,运用面板数据进行实证分析。实证结果表明:沿海地区各省市水产品出口、进口都对渔业经济增长有正向的拉动作用,且拉动作用的趋势相同。     

中国真丝绸商品出口的国际竞争力分析

依据国际市场占有率(MS)、贸易竞争力指数(TC)和显示性比较优势指数(RCA)等3项指标数据,对我国真丝绸商品自入世以来的国际竞争力进行实证分析。以蚕丝类为代表的原料制品和以绸缎类为代表的半制成品在国际市场上具有较强竞争优势,其MS和TC指数都比较高,但是RCA指数却呈现下降趋势;以女衬衫、披肩以及领带为代表的丝绸二次制成品在国际市场上的竞争力相对较弱。实证结果说明我国依然处于蚕丝原料输出国的地位,利润空间较小的蚕丝类和绸缎类的出口占很大比例,而利润空间比较大的部分丝绸二次制成品的国际市场占有率则相对较小。提升我国真丝绸商品出口的国际竞争力,一方面要在中西部地区建立专业化、规模化的优质蚕茧生产基地,以保障高档真丝绸制成品的原料品质;另一方面要增强丝绸二次制成品生产企业在产品研发设计、生产技术、产品营销策划等方面的能力,以及改善生产设备,创建一批国际化的高档丝绸品牌,增加高附加值丝绸产品的出口量和出口额。     

The use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of stored-grain insects

The present contribution discusses the recent advances in the biological control of stored-grain insects with entomopathogenic fungi (EF). Thus, the effect of formulated vs. unformulated strains of EF and the effect of combinations of EF with other components, i.e. diatomaceous earths (DEs), chemical insecticides, natural products and natural enemies against stored-product insects are reviewed. Very few formulations of EF strains have been developed and used, of which invert emulsion formulation (water-in-oil type) is considered the most important. A synergistic effect of EF is produced by combining them with DEs, chemical insecticides and natural products but not with natural enemies belonging to arthropods. Moreover, since the action of EF against insect pests in general, and stored-grain insects in particular, is compatible with the food safety and environmental regulations, a good perspective for these biocontrol agents is expected as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The potential areas of future research on the effective use of EF as biocontrol agents of stored-grain insects and the constraints that are associated with the registration and commercialization of EF as biopesticides under storage conditions are also discussed. Suggestions for the possible ways for implementation of this technology in storage systems are also provided in the present study.