解冻复鲜肉与冷却肉质量的比较

为了考察应用从日本引进的高压静电解冻装置解冻的复鲜肉,按冷却肉生产方式进行加工、销售的质量,本文作了解冻复鲜肉与冷却肉质量的比较研究。研究结果表明：在感官质量评定和理化、微生物测定指标等方面两者基本上淡生差异,质量十分接近。本研究为高压一胸电解冻复鲜肉作为新品种上市,补充上海市冷却内的供应不足提供了理论依据。     

麦冬水提物对猫肾细胞的影响研究

麦冬是我国传统中药之一,兼备保健和治疗作用.为了探究麦冬能否应用在宠物食品中,本试验以不同浓度的麦冬水提物(3.91～8000μg/mL)为受试药物,从细胞的形态、增殖、凋亡及周期4个方面对猫肾细胞(F81)进行安全性评价.结果表明:在试验浓度范围内,麦冬水提物没有抑制F81的增殖,且在3.91～62.5μg/mL的浓...     

玉米花粉的采集,保存及其营养成分的提取与分析

介绍了玉米花粉的采集、贮存、营养素提取及食品应用的方法，分析了玉米花粉营养乳液的营养成分。认为玉米花粉营养丰富，是宝贵的天然营养素资源。采用冷冻方法，贮存玉米新鲜花粉，利用机械力，结合温差效应破壁，是提取玉米花粉营养的有效途径     

山羊精液冷冻保存研究进展

精液的冷冻保存可使精液长期保存和运输,扩大精液的使用范围,使配种不受时间、地域、种畜生命的限制。充分利用优秀种公畜的遗传资源,加快育种工作进程,提高优良公畜的配种效率和种用价值。随着养羊业的迅速发展,冷冻山羊精液亟待应用于生产。山羊精液的冷冻保存是一个复杂的过程,为了获得理想的保存效果,需要平衡多种因素。从山羊精液冷冻保存剂成分、冷冻解冻的过程、冷冻过程的影响因素等方面予以综述,旨在为今后的精液冷冻保存研究工作提供一定的参考依据。     

基于遗传算法的苦瓜片真空冷冻干燥工艺优化

为提高苦瓜片干制品品质，应用真空冷冻干燥技术对新鲜苦瓜片进行干燥，以得到最佳工艺参数。采用响应面分析法设计四因素三水平试验，对苦瓜片试验指标（含水率和复水比）和干燥工艺参数（切片厚度、温度、绝对压强和干燥时间）建立二次多项式回归模型，并对模型的有效性及因素间的交互作用进行分析，利用Matlab中的遗传算法对结果进行综合优化。结果表明：建立的回归方程拟合度较好，模型显著，所得工艺参数合理可用。苦瓜片真空冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数为：切片厚度为4mm，隔板温度为46℃，绝对压强为73Pa，干燥时间为8.7h。该条件下含水率为6.23%，复水比为11.75。     

土壤环境中几种重金属元素的生物地球化学循环研究进展

综述了土壤中与人类生活密切相关的砷、镉、铜、铅、汞等元素的土壤生物地球化学循环的研究现状,总结得出:土壤中各种重金属元素的生物地球化学循环都是从土壤-植物-动物-人类-土壤的过程,而这一系列的循环过程都是在水的参与下完成,所以水在土壤生物地球化学循环过程中起到了关键性作用。指出了土壤污染过程已经不能简单地研究土壤内部过程,而且需要研究土壤接口过程以及土-气-水-生相互作用和相互驱动的过程,只有交叉、综合地研究土壤内部、接口和外部环境的生物地球化学循环过程,才能揭示高强度人类活动下土壤环境质量的演变规律,以实现风险管理,保护土壤质量、农产品质量和生态系统健康。     

Exploring the Feasibility of Winter Wheat Freeze Injury by Integrating Grey System Model with RS and GIS

Winter wheat freeze injury is one of the main agro-meteorological disasters affecting wheat production. In order to evaluate the severity of freeze injury on winter wheat systematically, we proposed a grey-system model (GSM) to monitor the degree and the distribution of the winter wheat freeze injury. The model combines remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology. It gave examples of wheat freeze injury monitoring applications in Gaocheng and Jinzhou of Hebei Province, China. We carried out a quantitative evaluation method study on the severity of winter wheat freeze injury. First, a grey relational analysis (GRA) was conducted. At the same time, the weights of the stressful factors were determined. Then a wheat freezing injury stress multiple factor spatial matrix was constructed using spatial interpolation technology. Finally, a winter wheat freeze damage evaluation model was established through grey clustering algorithm (GCA), and classifying the study area into three sub-areas, affected by severe, medium or light disasters. The evaluation model were verified by the Kappa model, the overall accuracy reached 78.82% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.6754. Therefore, through integration of GSM with RS images as well as GIS analysis, quantitative evaluation and study of winter wheat freeze disasters can be conducted objectively and accurately, making the evaluation model more scientific.     

苹果冷冻-热风联合干燥体积收缩机制

为降低冻干苹果能耗，同时获得具有良好外观的脱水产品，该研究将冷冻-热风联合干燥应用于苹果脱水加工，并从水分迁移角度探究此过程中产品的收缩机制。选取4个水分转换点（干基含水率分别为1.00、0.76、0.53和0.33 g/g）对苹果进行联合干燥处理，并对脱水产品收缩率、质构特性、微观结构、孔隙分布及样品在热风干燥阶段的水分迁移与分布进行测定及分析。结果表明，联合干燥样品的收缩情况显著（P<0.05）优于单一热风干燥样品，且转换点对样品收缩率影响较大（收缩率6%～45%），当转换点干基含水率低于0.53 g/g时，联合干燥样品没有出现明显的体积收缩现象。随着转换点干基含水率的升高，样品的收缩程度增大，并出现不同程度的中心塌陷，且孔隙率逐渐减小，但相应能耗降低。产品收缩主要发生在热风干燥过程的升速阶段，在此阶段样品自由水含量大幅减少，结合水与不易流动水未发生明显改变，样品内部水分在湿度差的作用下向表面迁移，这是导致联合干燥样品发生体积收缩的关键机制。该研究结果可为冷冻-热风联合干燥高效生产良好外观的脱水苹果提供数据支撑及理论参考。     

冻干鸡枞菌超微粉的加工工艺

为了进一步开发利用鸡枞菌,对鸡枞菌进行深加工,以云南鸡枞菌为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥技术和超微粉碎技术,制得冻干鸡枞菌超微粉的工艺流程和技术要点。鸡枞菌最佳冻干工艺条件是：预冻温度为-26℃～-32℃,冻结平均速度1℃/min左右,冻结时间90～110 min,干燥仓真空度10 Pa以下,加热板温度25℃,冷阱温度为-35℃。得到的冻干鸡枞菌超微粉的平均直径9.02μm。     

Genetic variation in the natural pollen cloud of pinus sylvestris: a study based on progeny testing

Seeds from open pollination of individual female stroboli on different days in June 1990 in a coastal clone archive of Pinus sylvestris (L.) in northern Sweden (latitude 63°39’ N) were used for a short‐term progeny experiment to study differences over time in the genetic composition of the background pollen. Analysis of progeny growth and cold acclimatization in artificial whole‐plant freezing tests suggested no genetic differences in the fertilizing pollen between pollination days. A clinal variation with the latitude of pollen origin was observed for reference progenies from fertilization with pollen of known geographical origin. Comparisons between open‐pollinated progenies and reference progenies indicate that the pollen cloud originated from approximately 1° latitude (based on height growth) or 1.5° latitude (based on freezing injury) north of the pollination site.