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91.
J. Müller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):217-235
Dry Matter Production, CO2 Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO2 Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO2 concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO2 exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO2 concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO2 treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO2 concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO2 concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants. 相似文献
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO
92.
Wayne C. Zipperer 《Landscape Ecology》1993,8(3):177-184
Five identifiable patterns of deforestation are recognized - internal, indentation, cropping, fragmentation, and removal - and each has a distinct effect on habitat quality of forest patches in the eastern United States. By overlaying land use maps from 1973 and 1981 for three counties in the State of Maryland (Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, and Wicomico), changes in the interior core area and edge length of individual patches were measured. Forest interior declined by 23.8 km2 in Anne Arundel, 16.3 km2 in Prince Georges, and 8.4 km2 in Wicomico. Within Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties, deforestation increased edge length by 52.1 km and 31.2 km, respectively, whereas, within Wicomico, it decreased edge length by 8.7 km. Differences among counties resulted from current land use patterns, percentage of forest cover, and the dominant deforestation pattern. 相似文献
93.
通过对2种类型沼泽地进行调查,研究,发现沼泽与森林之间的过渡区,随着空间地势的逐渐升高,沼泽化程度由强到弱,群落的物种多样性沿着沼泽至森林的方向,随着环境梯度的增加,也逐渐增多,邻近森林的群落达最大值。 相似文献
94.
辽宁西部半干旱地区油松纯林改造的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
吴生广 《沈阳农业大学学报》2005,36(3):320-323
喀左县位于辽宁西部地区,现存大面积油松人工纯林,不仅改善地力和水土保持效益差,而且火险性强、虫害蔓延成灾、生长早期衰退。为改善其林分生态条件,提高林木生长量和综合效益,在中三家镇对25年生油松人工纯林进行改造试验。结果表明,选择山杏、刺槐、沙棘等乔、灌木树种,利用林间空地、林缘隙地、侵蚀沟壑和疏林地造林,在大面积油松纯林连片地区进行窄带状或块状砍伐后造林,5年后效益显著,林分相对湿度提高了2.2%,土壤有机质含量提高5.4%,土壤含水量提高9.8%,减轻土壤容重3%,林分虫害明显下降,油松树高、胸径生长量分别提高22.6%、19.8%。 相似文献
95.
介绍了山地橄榄2种病害:叶斑病、炭疽病;5种虫害:橄榄星室木虱、黑刺粉虱、恶性叶甲、橄榄枯叶蛾、橄榄野螟的主要特征和危害症状,并提出了防治措施。 相似文献
96.
Abstract. Soil samples from a 32-year grassland field experiment were taken from 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm soil depths in February 2002. Plots received annual treatments of unamended control, mineral fertilizer, three rates of pig slurry and three rates of cow slurry, each with six replicates. Samples were analysed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ ), pH and Olsen P. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was calculated as a sodicity indicator. Mean ESP was generally greater for slurry treatments than the control, with a trend of increasing ESP with application rate. This was particularly marked for cow slurry. At 0–5 cm depth ESP increased from 1.18 in the control to 1.75 at the highest rate of pig slurry and 5.60 at the highest rate of cow slurry. Similar trends were shown for CEC, exchangeable Na+ , K+ and Mg2+ , Ca2+ and Olsen P. The build-up of soil P due to slurry applications, together with this combination of physical and chemical factors, may increase the risk of P loss to surface waters, particularly from soils receiving high rates of cow slurry. 相似文献
97.
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans , is an ongoing threat to potato and tomato crop production worldwide and considerable fundamental and applied research is conducted with the long-term aim of improved disease control. Understanding the mechanisms, processes and rates of P. infestans evolution is an important factor in predicting the effectiveness and durability of new management practices. A range of phenotypic and genotypic tests has been applied to achieve this goal, but each has limitations and new methods are sought. Recent progress in P. infestans genomics is providing the raw data for such methods and new high-throughput codominant biomolecular markers are currently being developed that have tremendous potential in the study of P. infestans population biology, epidemiology, ecology, genetics and evolution. This paper reviews some key applications, recommends some changes in approach and reports on the status and potential of new and existing methods for probing P. infestans genetic diversity. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
分析了造成母猪繁殖能力低的因素主要表现为乏情期长和产仔数低,其次是不孕,流产,产弱仔,产木乃伊胎及死胎等。而繁殖障碍性疾病和饲养管理不当是突出的问题。提出了通过疾病控制和科学饲养来提高母猪繁殖能力的措施。 相似文献