智能光纤浊度传感器设计与试验

浊度是指水体中悬浮颗粒的含量，在水产养殖中，悬浮颗粒由大量的细菌、病原体组成，颗粒物浓度过大，易危害水生动物的生存。传统的浊度检测技术易受环境光、色度、温度等因素的影响，稳定性差、精度低。为此设计了基于IEEE1451.2的智能光纤浊度传感器，该传感器由光学检测模块、信号变送模块、智能处理模块组成。光学检测模块采用880nm红外发光二极管作为光源，采用90°散射光检测法，有效降低了色度对浊度检测的影响。信号变送模块采用正向比例积分电路、I/V转换、滤波、检波电路对采集到的散射光电流信号进行处理，得到一个线性关系良好的直流浊度电压信号。为了提高传感器的精确度，设计了基于IEEE1451.2的智能处理模块，构建了温度补偿算法，采用校正TEDS参数完成对浊度的温度补偿，提高了浊度测量的准确度。对传感器性能进行测试试验，结果表明传感器准确度误差在±1.5%以内，稳定性误差在±1.0%以内，满足水产养殖对光纤浊度传感器的需求，具有较高的可靠性。     

基于WSN和GSM的智能灌溉控制系统设计与实现

针对干旱区滴灌系统中智能灌溉和远程自动化的需求,基于无线传感器网络(WSN)和全球移动通信系统(GSM),设计并研发了一套可自动控制现场设备的智能灌溉控制系统。系统中的WSN将低功耗的现场控制单元和数据采集单元与节能型路由协议结合,延长了WSN农田信息采集的生命周期;基于GSM中的SMS(Short Messaging Service)技术,将需求命令下发到上位机控制平台;系统通过处理灌溉区的相关环境数据并进行分析,进行一定的自学习及再学习,可实现对现场设备自动控制。在新疆喀什市麦盖提县规模化节水灌溉增效示范基地的应用试验结果表明:该系统能适应恶劣的自然环境,操作简易,具有较好的鲁棒性,可进行广泛的推广应用。     

气吸式玉米播种机排种监测系统研究

为了对播种机的工作状况进行实时监测,对播种过程中出现的种箱排空和导种管堵塞情况及时报警,设计了一种对播种机作业中的各项参数实时监测系统。系统以嵌入式微处理器和红外光电传感器为主要部件,通过无线通信的方式与上位机进行数据的传输,对播种作业中出现的种箱排空和导种管堵塞及时进行声光报警,并通过上位机软件对所需的参数实时显示。试验结果表明:该系统工作稳定,对故障的报警准确率较高,有效提高了播种质量。     

覆盖对烟田土壤酶活性及烤烟叶片荧光特性的影响

通过对烤烟大田3种不同覆盖方式的覆盖效应比较表明:覆盖明显增强了土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,对脲酶活性有一定抑制作用;在烤烟生长前期,液膜覆盖处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性较对照和地膜覆盖处理分别平均提高5.72%、23.19%,且覆盖处理间差异达0.05显著水平;覆盖处理的蔗糖酶较对照平均提高0.8%,但3个处理间差异均不显...     

基于Kinect动态手势识别的机械臂实时位姿控制系统

基于Kinect动态手势识别达到实时控制机械臂末端位姿的效果。位置控制信息的获取采用Kinect计算手部4个关节点在控制中的位置变动,数据噪声在控制中易引起机械臂误动作和运动振动等问题,为了避免噪声对实时控制的不利影响,采用卡尔曼滤波跟踪降噪。姿势控制信息通过采集手部点云经滤波处理后应用最小二乘拟合的方式获取掌心所在平面,运用迭代器降噪处理。系统通过对手部位置和姿势信息的整合、手势到机械臂空间坐标映射及运动学求解来实时控制机械臂末端位姿。实验结果证明,手势控制系统满足控制要求,简单、易于操作,机械臂实时响应速度快、运动准确。     

用叶绿素荧光研究植物伤害信息的系统性传递

采用机械损伤和(Z)-3-已烯醛熏蒸的方法,借助于叶绿素荧光手段,研究了伤害信息在合作杨檀株体内的系统性传递.结果表明,伤害信息在植株体内的系统性传递是双向的,不同部位叶片Fv/Fm的异质性为伤害信息在植物体内的双向系统性传递提供了直观的证据.     

重庆市山羊博尔纳病病毒P24基因的检测

为了解重庆市山羊博尔纳病隐性带毒情况，分析博尔纳病病毒（BDV）的种系来源。采用巢式逆转录酶PCR结合荧光定量PCR（FQ—nRT—PCR）技术对重庆市60只山羊外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）及脑组织中的BDVP24基因片段进行了检测，将阳性产物测序，并与国外BDV毒株进行了比较。结果，山羊外周血检测阳性率为8．3％（5／60），脑组织检测阳性率为10％（6／60）。该BDVP24片段核苷酸序列与马源BDVH1766株同源性最高，达96．519／6，与标准株Strain V和He／80同源性为95．35％，并且编码的氨基酸序列也相同。表明，重庆市山羊中存在动物源性博尔纳病隐性带毒，该BDVP24核苷酸序列与Strain V和He／80株具有高度同源性。     

缺硫对莱茵衣藻叶绿素荧光参数和产H2速率的影响

采用TAP及TAP-S培养基培养莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D.),测定了该藻叶绿素荧光参数及产氢气能力.结果表明:莱茵衣藻在TAP培养基内生长良好,有微量氢气产生,最高产氢速率只有1.4×10-4 ml/(mgChl·h).在TAP-S培养基内,莱茵衣藻的荧光参数Fv/Fo、ΦPSⅡ、qp分别在40～48 h下降到初始值的50%,说明缺硫对藻光合作用的影响首先发生在天线色素到PSⅡ反应中心的传能过程以及光合作用暗反应所需的酶.TAP-S培养基内藻最高产氢速率达0.22ml/(mgChl·h),缺硫可以显著提高莱茵衣藻氢气产生的速率.     

Water Relation, Photosynthetic Ability and Growth of Thai Jasmine Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. KDML 105) to Salt Stress by Application of Exogenous Glycinebetaine and Choline

Rice reportedly possesses a very low capacity to accumulate glycinebetaine (Glybet), but may be accumulated by the exogenous application of Glybet or Choline (Cho) as an alternative way to improve its salt‐tolerant ability. The aim of this research was to determine whether Glybet accumulation could be induced in Thai jasmine rice by the exogenous application of Glybet and Cho, and to determine the effects of Glybet and Cho treatment on various growth parameters of seedlings cultured under salt‐stress conditions. Thai jasmine rice seeds were aseptically germinated in vitro on solidified Murashige–Skoog media, supplied with either Glybet or Cho in the culture media for 12 days and then treated with 342 mm NaCl (salt stress) for 4 days. GlyBet content, water relation, photosynthetic capabilities and growth characteristics of salt‐stressed seedlings were measured. The addition of Glybet or Cho to plant culture media containing 342 mm NaCl resulted in increased accumulation of Glybet in rice seedlings. Increased Glybet accumulation was strongly associated with a high efficiency of water usage (r = 0.96), which in turn correlated with increased maximum quantum yield of PSII (F_v/F_m) (r = 0.86). Moreover, the pigment concentrations of seedlings cultured under salt stress were maintained by a function of Glybet, led to high efficiency of photochemical and non‐photochemical quenching of PSII as well as to exhibit on net photosynthetic rate. Thus, our results suggest that the addition of either Glybet or Cho to the plant growth media can improve growth performance under salt stress conditions by increasing the salt tolerance of Thai jasmine rice. The exogenous application of Glybet and/or Cho to culture media may be an effective method of improving resistance to salt stress via the promotion of Glybet accumulation with in rice seedlings.     

Competition between 2x and x pollen in styles of Solanum tuberosum determined by a quick in vivo method

Summary Pollen competition in vivo was studied by placing two pollen samples on one stigma and comparing the length of the tubes under a U.V. microscope. Comparisons involving pollen of Solanum tuberosum and S. phureja showed that 2x pollen grew faster than x pollen, both in 2x and x styles. Consequences for induction of dihaploids in S. tuberosum are discussed.