基于Logit模型下农民加入专业合作社的意愿分析

以河南省为例,利用二元因变量模型对农民参与专业合作社的预期影响因素进行分析.研究表明,文化程度较高的农民或具有干部身份的农民更倾向于参与专业合作社.     

The impact of urban green infrastructure as a sustainable approach towards tropical micro-climatic changes and human thermal comfort

Green infrastructures such as living walls are technological solutions to replace the declined greenery at urbanized environment and also reliable applications for thermal regulation in buildings through insulation effect and escalates the energy use efficiency. Thermal comfort and local climate are spatiotemporally variable. The existing research gap should be addressed by evaluating the performance of vertical green walls in tropical condition. In this study, thermal performance, relative humidity (RH) and CO₂ concentration were quantified for basic three types of green infrastructures; such as (T₁) living walls, (T₂) indirect green façades and (T₃) direct green façades located in Colombo metropolitan in Sri Lanka. An in-situ experimental study was conducted considering temperatures at 1 m and 0.1 m distance in front of the green walls, inside the foliage, air gap and external wall surface comparatively to adjacent bare wall control. Three case studies per green infrastructure within Colombo metropolitan area were purposively selected. Simultaneously, RH and CO₂ concentration at 0.1 m in front of the green and bare walls were measured for the performance quantification. The internal thermal comfort simulation and occupants’ satisfaction questionnaire survey was executed to assess the green infrastructure performances. The study revealed that vertical greenery systems were highly effective on external wall surface temperature reductions at 1100 h–1500 h time zones. T₁ and T₂ accounted for superior temperature reduction in the range of 1.61 °C–1.72 °C through the façade relative to the distance than T₃. Maximum temperature reduction compared to the bare wall control was obtained for the T₁ (0.28 °C–8.0 °C) followed by T₂ (1.34 °C–7.86 °C) and T₃ (1.34 °C–6.64 °C). Averaged RH increment (1.6%–1.81%) and CO₂ reduction (0.63%) occurred near green walls at day time compared to control. An average 28 °C simulated indoor temperature circumstantiate the indoor thermal comfort. 58% and 89.5% occupants’ were satisfied with thermal and visual comfort respectively, thus emphasizing façade greening as a sustainable approach on micro climatic changes and human thermal comfort.     

橡胶树F3’H基因克隆及其功能分析

从橡胶树叶片转录组数据库中调取花青素合成途径中的关键酶类黄酮3’-羟化酶（F3’H）基因序列信息,通过RT-PCR扩增得到2个橡胶树F3’H基因,分别命名为HbF3’H1和HbF3’H2。通过荧光定量PCR分析发现,只有HbF3’H1基因在不同发育时期的橡胶树叶片和嫩茎中的表达水平与花青素的合成积累趋势完全一致。HbF3’H1所编码的蛋白属于P450超家族,具有保守的F3’H结构域,而且HbF3’H1基因的启动子中包含多种环境效应元件,说明HbF3’H1基因的表达受环境因子调控。通过农杆菌转化烟草发现,过表达HbF3’H1基因的烟草花瓣大量累积花青素,其颜色较非转基因烟草显著加深,同时,荧光定量PCR发现HbF3’H1表达水平与转基因烟草花瓣颜色呈正相关,说明HbF3’H1基因表达促进花青素的累积。本研究为阐明橡胶树花青素代谢途径奠定基础。     

A rapid real-time PCR assay for detecting columnar growth in apples (Malus × domestica)

Columnar growth in apples can have considerable positive consequences for orchard maintenance, but the lack of columnar cultivars producing fruits with desired market quality prevents their broader utilization in orchards. New crossings focused on their breeding are therefore conducted throughout the world every year. Unfortunately, the reliable discrimination between columnar growth and normal phenotype is difficult until seedlings are 2–3 years of age. However, molecular marker–assisted selection (MAS) can be used in seedlings several weeks old providing immense help in breeding programmes focused on columnar apple production. Here, we describe a rapid and reliable method for the detection of both wild-type (WT) and columnar (Co) alleles originating from ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ in a single reaction using a real-time PCR allelic discrimination approach. Our assay was tested in 130 genotypes (80 normal and 50 columnar habit) from various crossings and their parents, and in all cases, genotype corresponded to phenotype. The assay is thus suitable for laboratories interested in high-throughput MAS for columnar tree habit breeding.     

基于城市社会─生活空间理论的农民(工)城市融入测度研究

基于城市社会生活空间的视角,通过问卷调查与访谈获取了相关数据,构建了城市融入评价指标体系,对西安农民(工)群体城市融入的空间特征进行了分析。研究认为:1农民(工)城市融入进程分为居住空间及经济空间融入、社区生活融入和社会心理融入3个递进阶段;2探讨基于城市社会─生活空间理论优化的城市融入评价体系,有助于深入理解农民(工)在城市生活的品质和状态;3总体来看,西安市农民(工)的城市融入水平并不高,不同居住区位、不同年龄及不同文化层次的农民(工)城市融入水平存在明显差异。     

“推天道以明人事”与老子思想研究

“究天人之际，通古今之变”，天与人是中国哲学思想的重要范畴。相对于儒家思想领域的“天人合一”，道家思想中天与人关系的明确研究相对薄弱。本文主要以“天道”与“人事”在老子思想中表现出来的相通性为基础，以《周易》“推天道以明人事”的思维方式作为基本架构，以“类推”思维为主要方法来探究《老子》哲学思想中的“天人”关系，并对其合理性进行思考。     

牧民合作社本质特征及发展趋势

“人-草-畜”共生的草原畜牧业生产基础和经营方式与耕种农业不同。因此，以草原畜牧业为基础的牧民合作社受自然条件、文化背景和政策环境等因素影响。牧民合作社是在草原畜牧业生产和生活中以劳动力、资本、土地等生产要素整合方式进行互助互利，形成合伙放牧和繁重体力劳动的社会运动体;继《农民专业合作社法》颁布后，结合牧区经济的特点，牧区地方政府纷纷组织成立草地联户、牲畜饲养、生产资料购买、牧业机械联合、互助基金等生产、流通领域运作的经济体;在互助互利和自由、民主平等原则上组成具有紧密的经济组织体，在生产力发展和市场竞争条件下，形成一种具有合作社章程，理事会、监事会，生产管理、财务管理、劳动管理等一整套经营管理机制的组织性、统一性、持续性的经营体。其发展趋势是以嘎查(村)为单位的集体经济组织。自然环境复杂、人烟稀少、经济基础薄弱的牧区，发展合作社应该从生产合作社开始，从联户型互助组发展为小组型专业合作社和嘎查(村)型综合合作社，在此基础上逐步分离加工、销售、信用专业合作社，最后发展到牧工商一体化产业化联盟的合作社。     

方竹新品种'峨优1号'

峨优1号Chimonobambusa quadrangularis ’Eyou 1‘属于竹亚科Bambusoideae方竹属Chimonobambusa Makino的方竹Ch.quadrangularis（Fenzi） Makino，2004年发现于四川省乐山市峨边县大堡镇，随后作为笋用竹在大堡镇引种栽培，是方竹变异植株经人工驯化、培育而成的栽培竹新品种。‘峨优1号’与方竹栽培型‘Quadrangularis’的关键区别在于：前者中上部秆环甚隆起，竹秆多见"之"字形弯曲，秋季笋期10月上旬至11月中旬，春季在土层深厚肥沃处有2次发笋现象，去箨笋节呈明显翠绿色；后者中上部秆环不及前者隆起，竹秆通直，秋季笋期9-10月，春季无二次发笋现象，去箨笋整体偏黄。     

Effect of fertilization of a biochar and compost amended technosol: Consequence on Ailanthus altissima growth and As- and Pb-specific root sorption

The remediation of metal(loid) polluted soil using plants (i.e. phytoremediation) often requires the application of amendments, as well as chemical fertilizer. However, such fertilizers can have negative effects when applied alone and can thus be applied together with other organic amendments to diminish this negative effect. Finally, plants to be used in phytoremediation should be selected based on their adaptive capacity and tolerance to poor and highly contaminated soils, characteristics that possesses Ailanthus altissima. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of osmocote fertilization on the amended mining technosol properties and plant growth parameters, as well as to study the accumulation pattern of As and Pb in plant roots. Results showed that osmocote ameliorated soil conditions, but increased Pb mobility. It also greatly improved plant growth. Finally, different behaviours of metal(loid) accumulation were observed in the roots: As was absorbed mainly in the roots because of its similarity with P, with very low amounts in the leaves, whereas Pb was adsorbed mainly on the root surface, with lesser proportion absorbed inside the root system.     

烯效唑对‘夏黑’葡萄生理特性及品质的影响

试验以3年生‘夏黑’葡萄为试验材料，分别在开花期、坐果期、果实膨大期、转色期用不同浓度（0、30、60、90、120 mg/L）的烯效唑进行全树喷施，研究其对‘夏黑’葡萄生理特性和品质的影响。结果表明，随着烯效唑浓度的增加‘夏黑’葡萄脯氨酸含量（Pro）、可溶性蛋白含量（SP）、过氧化物酶活性（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）、过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）呈现‘先升后降’，在T3处理时达到最大值，而电导率（REC）和丙二醛含量（MDA）呈现‘先降后升’，分别在T2和T3时降低最明显；在品质方面，T2与T3处理显著增加了单穗重、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、果实可溶性蛋白含量、花青素含量、Vc含量，同时降低了果实总酸含量、果实硬度、类黄酮含量。各浓度烯效唑处理对单粒重、果实纵横径、果形指数、总酚含量有所增加，但差异性不显著（P>0.05）。另外，高浓度烯效唑（T4）会降低单穗重和单粒重。由主成分分析可知，各处理的综合评价排名依次为T2>T3>T1>T4>CK。以上结果表明，喷施60 mg/L的烯效唑对于提高‘夏黑’葡萄生理活性和果实品质的综合效果最好。