Laboratory vs. in situ resin‐core methods to estimate net nitrogen mineralization for comparison of rotation and tillage practices

Properly estimating soil nitrogen (N) mineralization as a consequence of different agronomic practices would result in better soil N fertility management. In this study, we tested the differences between laboratory and in situ resin‐core incubation methods for estimating soil net N mineralization for long‐term burley tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L .) tillage and rotation systems. The laboratory incubation method used crushed, homogenized, litter‐free soil samples, and the in situ resin‐core incubation method used an intact soil core with the inclusion of any plant residue below or above ground. Comparisons showed that no‐tillage had significantly increased soil net N mineralization compared to conventional tillage with the laboratory incubation method, while there was no significant difference between tillage methods with the in situ resin‐core method. This indicates that soil pretreatment in the laboratory incubation method can create an “artificial tillage effect” for soil previously managed with no‐tillage, resulting in overestimated soil net N mineralization. The rotation comparison showed that different crop sequences had no impact on measured net N mineralization with the laboratory incubation method. However, a preceding soybean crop did significantly increase net soil N mineralization compared to preceding corn when measured with the in situ resin‐core method. This suggests that discarding plant residue in the laboratory incubation method can neglect the potential effect of plant residue on soil N mineralization. Therefore, it is important to be aware that soil pretreatment may influence soil N mineralization estimates, potentially resulting in flawed decisions for soil N fertility management.     

钻孔误差产生原因及防止方法探究

职业学校钳工实习教学的钻孔是钳工专业一项重要基本操作技能,要求进行系统的技能和技巧训练,掌握加工要求较高的孔及位置精度的方法。但由于钻孔中的累积误差很难完全消除,钻孔的位置精度也就很难保证,因此如何消除或减少钻孔的误差是钳工实习教学中的难点和终点。文章从钻孔误差产生的原因和防止方法两个角度出发,探索了钳工实习教学中,如何消除或减少钻孔误差的教育教学生产实践。     

优化反向PCR法分离转基因油菜外源T-DNA侧翼序列的研究(英文)

[目的]优化反向PCR(IPCR)条件分离油菜转基因外源T-DNA的侧翼序列。[方法]以单拷贝的转基因油菜FS4为研究材料,用SDS法和改良CTAB法(包括低温操作、增加酚氯仿的抽提次数以及延长低温沉淀时间等)提取转基因油菜总DNA,并进行酶切、纯化、自连接,再使用普通聚合酶与热启动高保真的ExTaqHS聚合酶进行两轮巢式PCR扩增,进行序列对比。油菜数据库比对搜索采用BBSRCBrassicaDB上WU-BLAST2.0工具,拟南芥数据库比对分析采用TAIR数据库中WU-BLAST2.0工具。为验证FS4转基因中T-DNA插入位点的真实性,根据序列比对分析结果在T-DNA插入位点的左右两端分别设计引物FS4-L与FS4-R。分别采用3对引物pS2/FS4-L、pA2/FS4-R、FS4-L/FS4-R同时对T1代转基因FS4杂合体和非转基因对照植株的基因组进行PCR验证。[结果]两轮巢式PCR扩增得到1个大小为4.0kb的片段,其序列与油菜数据库中BH652424和BZ044084两序列同源性分别高达97.8%和63.4%。根据序列比对结果设计特异引物对进行PCR验证的结果,也证明了FS4转基因油菜中T-DNA的确插入在该位点。[结论]优化后的IPCR条件能成功分离油菜转基因外源T-DNA的侧翼序列。     

Instrumentation for Evaluating Differences in Ammonia Volatilization from Broiler Litter and Cake

Greater understanding of the mechanisms affecting NH₃ volatilization from reused broiler bedding is needed to determine pathways for mitigating NH₃ emissions. A chamber acid trap (CAT) system was developed to provide an improved laboratory method for determining NH₃ volatilization from litter or cake samples and for assessing treatment technologies to decrease NH₃ losses from poultry litter. The CAT system offers precision control of air flow rate through sample chambers as well as straightforward, precise determination of the amount of N volatilized. This article outlines the basic setup of the CAT system. The system can be utilized and modified for researching specific mechanisms involving physical, chemical, or biological treatments affecting NH₃ volatilization from litter or cake.     

桑树病毒与病毒病的研究进展(Ⅱ)

业已明确的桑树病毒病有10种。在前文报道部分桑树真病毒及病害的研究进展之后,再重点介绍桑花叶萎缩类病毒及病害的研究进展,包括病原物提取、基因组序列分析、寄主范围、致病特征、诊断方法和病害控制等,为桑花叶萎缩类病毒的深入研究以及病害的有效防治提供参考。     

黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物对奶山羊体外试验CLA含量及C18不饱和脂肪酸生物氢化率的影响

采用体外试验研究添加不同浓度的菊科黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物对瘤胃微生物体外发酵脂肪酸生物氢化、CLA含量及其前体物trans-11C18:1含量的影响。黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物添加的剂量分别是0(对照组)、3、30、300及3000mg/L。培养时间分别是2、6及24h。在每个采样时间点、每个添加量均设3个重复。试验结果表明,添加黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物有降低C18不饱和脂肪酸生物氢化率的趋势,有增加CLA生成前体物trans-11C18:1脂肪酸含量的趋势,有增加CLA含量的趋势。     

新生牛血清促细胞生长活性检测方法的建立与应用

牛血清是医药生物技术产品中重要的原辅材料之一,做好牛血清的质量控制是提高生物制品质量的重要环节。本研究通过应用PK15、BHK21和ST三种兽用生物制品研制中常用的细胞作为载体,选用国内同等价位5个不同厂家生产的新生牛血清作为比较对象,采用细胞倍增时间测定法、细胞克隆形成率测定法、细胞三次连续传代培养法、MTT比色法和微量终点稀释法五种血清质量鉴定的方法进行比较,检测新生牛血清的促细胞生长活性,最终确定了MTT比色法作为便捷高效快速筛选新生牛血清的检测方法。     

Soil and weed management for enhancing arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of wheat

Tillage and weed control are critical components of cropping systems that need to be combined such that crops benefit from reduced competition. However, weeds may also contribute to the biological diversity within the agro‐environment. This greenhouse study investigated whether common weeds of arable cropping systems were suitable host plants for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), allowing the development of extraradical mycelium (ERM) that can contribute to the early colonization of a following wheat crop, especially in the absence of soil disturbance. Weeds were allowed to grow for up to 2 months before being controlled by soil disturbance or herbicide application (glyphosate or paraquat). Pregerminated wheat seeds were then planted. Chemical control of the weeds prior to sowing enhanced the early arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) colonization rate of wheat roots, whereas mechanical disturbance was less acceptable as a method of weed control for rapid AM colonization. The type of herbicide (contact or systemic) had no impact on colonization of the wheat crop. Enhanced AM colonization promoted early P acquisition and growth of the crop. Appropriate management of weeds emerging between two consecutive cropping seasons coupled with no‐till soil management could ensure a quick and efficient AM colonization of the following wheat plants.     

观赏省藤及其繁育方法

省藤(Calamus platyacanthoides Merr.)为棕榈科省藤属(白藤属)常绿藤木。文章介绍了观赏省藤的常见种类及其繁育方法。     

浅谈工程施工过程中的协调工作

着重阐述工程施工过程中各个部门之间、建设方面各方之间关系中的协调工作应如何进行，针对协调关系的重点作用及协调过程中主要采用的方法进行论述，对如何协调复杂的各方关系进行了很好的诠释。