川芎浸膏萃取溶剂研究及其有机溶剂残留量的测定

本论文基于某已上市复方川芎制剂制备工艺,通过对其制备过程中的萃取溶剂替代研究以及有机溶剂残留测定方法研究,建立了以乙酸乙酯替代原生产工艺中三氯甲烷的川芎浸膏制备方法,同时建立了气相色谱法测定浸膏中有机溶剂的残留。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯作为川芎浸膏的萃取溶剂,与原浸膏HPLC法检测结果一致,并更安全绿色环保。应用所建立的GC法测定浸膏中乙酸乙酯残留,加样回收率98.44%,该方法稳定可靠,可用于测定浸膏中的乙酸乙酯残留。     

Efficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against stored‐grain insects: effect of fumigant concentration,exposure time and two grain temperatures

BACKGROUND: The ethyl formate/carbon dioxide (CO₂) formulation Vapormate? is a rapid‐acting fumigant being developed for the control of stored‐grain insects. The effects have been investigated of concentration, exposure times of 1, 3, 24 and 72 h and two grain temperatures, 15 and 25 °C, on its efficacy against mixed‐stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and strongly phosphine‐resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) strain QRD569. RESULTS: High mortalities (≥92%) of mixed‐stage cultures of all three species were obtained when grain was fumigated with the formulation (193 g m^?3 ethyl formate) for 1 h. Complete control of R. dominica QRD569 and T. castaneum was achieved with 63 and 76 g m^?3 ethyl formate respectively, with exposure for 24 h, whereas mean mortality of S. oryzae was 86% under the same conditions. Mortalities of S. oryzae juvenile stages were significantly lower than adults under the conditions tested, which was due to pronounced tolerance of mid‐stage pupae to the fumigant. Reducing grain temperature from 25 to 15 °C had no effect on insect mortality. CONCLUSION: Ethyl formate/CO₂ formulation is highly effective against stored‐grain insects over a range of concentrations and exposure times. Efficacious fumigations were conducted in as little as 1 h, and a strongly phosphine‐resistant R. dominica strain was readily controlled with the fumigant. Copyright © 2009 CSIRO, Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

东亚飞蝗4龄蝗蝻对4种化合物的拒食反应

采用非选择性拒食活性测定十五醇、十二酸乙酯、油酸酰胺以及十六烯4种化合物对东亚飞蝗4龄蝗蝻的拒食活性。试验结果表明,十五醇、十二酸乙酯和油酸酰胺3种化合物的拒食作用随着化合物的浓度增加而增强,而十六烯则没拒食作用。十五醇、十二酸乙酯和油酸酰胺对东亚飞蝗4龄蝗蝻的拒食中浓度分别为0.82,0.19和0.35 mol/L,相关系数分别为0.993 3,0.976 5,0.928 0。在这3种拒食化合物中,以十二酸乙酯具最强拒食效果,油酸酰胺次之,十五醇最弱。该研究结果对于利用十五醇、十二酸乙酯、油酸酰胺研究开发东亚飞蝗拒食剂奠定了一定的基础。     

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging: a new method for rapid detection of herbicide resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Due to the steadily increasing number of putative herbicide‐resistant weed populations, the demand for rapid in‐season tests is rising. In this study, we introduce a new quantitative herbicide‐resistance test system based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis of photosynthesis‐related parameters. Susceptible and herbicide‐resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides (black‐grass) were cultivated in multiwell tissue culture plates containing nutrient agar and different dosages of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron. The maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII was measured 3 h after transplanting (HAT) and then for seven days every 24 h. Data of maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII were compared with standard whole‐plant pot tests and molecular tests for target‐site mutations. It was possible to fit dose‐response curves and calculate corresponding resistance factors for ED90 for all populations tested using the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. It was possible to distinguish between resistant and susceptible populations. The results of the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging corresponded well with the standard whole‐plant pot tests in the glasshouse. However, populations with proved target‐site mutations did not differ from other herbicide‐resistant populations in the maximum quantum efficiency values of the PSII. We conclude that the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging provides reliable data on herbicide resistance for both modes of action tested in a shorter time and using less space, compared with standard whole‐plant pot tests in the glasshouse.     

产谷氨酰胺转胺酶菌株的高通量筛选

【目的】用醋酸纤维素膜和96孔板2种方法高通量筛选高产谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)的茂原轮枝链霉菌菌株。【方法】利用紫外诱变获得茂原轮枝链霉菌突变体库后,分别利用醋酸纤维素膜和96孔板2种方法高通量初筛产MTG菌株,然后依次用试管和摇瓶发酵法复筛,并对96孔板高通量筛选方法的条件进行了优化。【结果】利用醋酸纤维素膜显色法从3 000株紫外诱变的菌株中筛选出1株高产MTG茂原轮枝链霉菌,其MTG活性为4.9U/mL,较出发株(MTG活性2.7U/mL)提高了80%。优化的96孔板高通量筛选方法为:直径为3mm左右的单菌落接种至150μL发酵培养基中,30℃200r/min培养72h;利用该法从3 415株紫外诱变的菌株中筛选获得了2株MTG高产株,其MTG活性为5.4U/mL,较出发株(MTG活性为3.0U/mL)提高了80%。【结论】利用基于醋酸纤维素膜和96孔板的2种高通量筛选方法分别筛选到1株和2株高产MTG的茂原轮枝链霉菌;相较传统的选育方法,这2种高通量筛选方法都大大降低了经济成本,提高了筛选效率,缩短了选育周期。     

Simultaneous extraction of P and K from IOWA soils with bray 1 solution containing NH4Cl

Abstract

The effects of combining the Bray 1 extracting solution with ammonium chloride (NH₄C1) for simultaneous extraction of P and K were studied in several experiments. For pooled data from the experiments in which the Bray 1 solution containing 0.5 mol L^‐1 NH₄C1 was used, the relationship between the amounts of P and K extracted by the combined solution (P_C and K_C)and the amounts extracted separately by Bray 1 (P_R) and 1 N neutral NH₄OAc (K_R) are given by P_C = 2 + 0.906 P_R, r = 0.988 and K_c = 14 + 1.033 K_R, r = 0.944. Variations were observed in different experiments when the concentration of NH₄C1 and the conditions of the experiment were varied.     

Elucidation of the sex pheromone system of the potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae): a short review

Summary Recent research, reviewed here, of the pheromone system of the potato tuberworm moth has led to the isolation, identification, and synthesis of its components.trans-4,cis-7-tridecadien-l-ol acetate (PTM 1) andtrans-4,cis-7,cis-10-tridecatrien-l-ol acetate (PTM 2), mixtures of which are much more attractive in the field than 2 virgin female moths or each compound on its own.     

Aroma finishing of PET fabrics with PVAc nanoparticles containing lavender oil

A durable aroma finishing for PET fabric was carried out by adopting poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanoparticles containing lavender oil (LO) in core. Relatively small size of PVAc nanoparticles (ca. 244 nm of mean particle diameter) was expected to resist the frictional destruction of the particles, which is frequently observed in cases of microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles containing LO in core were prepared by emulsification-diffusion method and their application as an aroma releasing agent for PET fabrics was assessed through the observation of releasing profiles of LO in ethanol for experimental acceleration. Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules containing LO were also prepared and treated on fabrics for comparison. PVAc nanoparticles treated on PET fabric showed higher initial releasing amount, which was ascribed to the enhanced surface area. After 2 days of releasing, PET fabric treated with PVAc nanoparticles showed slower and more stable releasing profile and reached about 12 ppm of cumulative release after 16 days, which was under two thirds of that with MF microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles can be used as an agent for durable aroma finishing of PET fabrics.     

铅对SD大鼠成骨细胞磷脂酰胆碱特异性磷脂酶C的影响

在体外培养新生sD乳鼠的成骨细胞中暴露不同浓度的醋酸铅（O、20、40、80μmol／L）,作用24h后检测细胞磷脂酰胆碱特异性磷脂酶C（PC-PLC）活性与PC—PLC蛋白的表达量。结果表明：不同浓度的醋酸铅均可使成骨细胞PC—PLC活性和PC-PLC蛋白表达量极显著降低（P〈0．01）,呈明显的剂量-效应关系,表明成骨细胞铅暴露可通过抑制PC—PLC而发挥毒性作用。     

废水同步生物处理与生物燃料电池发电研究

利用厌氧活性污泥作为接种体成功地启动了空气阴极生物燃料电池(ACMFC),110h的接种产生了0.24V的电压;以乙酸钠和葡萄糖作底物分别产生了0.38V和0.41V电压(外电阻1 000Ω),最大功率密度分别达到146.56 mW/m²和192.04mW/m²,表明有机废水可以用来发电;同时,乙酸钠和葡萄糖的去除率分别为99%和87%,表明燃料电池可以处理废水.二者的电子回收率均在10%左右,主要是由于阴极对氧气分子的透过作用引起的微生物好氧呼吸导致电子损失.