乙酸镁对氟烷基因杂合子育肥猪肌肉加工品质的影响

育肥猪屠宰前饲粮中短期添加乙酸镁,研究其对氟烷基因杂合子育肥猪肌肉加工品质的影响。选用体重相近的氟烷基因杂合子(HalNHaln)大长猪(大白猪×长白猪)36头随机分为2组,即对照组、乙酸镁组,每组18头。乙酸镁组在屠宰前5 d,基础日粮中添加镁1 500mg/kg(以乙酸镁形式),对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验表明:在猪屠宰前饲粮中短期添加1 500 mg/kg水平的镁对试验猪的平均日采食量没有明显影响(P>0.05);可以显著降低肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.05),提高猪肉的熟肉率,从而提高猪肉的加工品质。     

EMS诱变谷子‘长农35号’M1代成熟期株型突变体的鉴定与分析

为建立谷子突变体库,以便在谷子分子生物学研究中应用,以生产上主要推广种植的谷子品种‘长农35号’干种子为实验材料,采用0.8%和1.0%甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)进行了诱变处理,试验共收获株型相关M1代突变体材料282份,其中,0.8% EMS诱变‘长农35号’获得株型突变体材料100个单株,可分为10个组;1.0% EMS诱变‘长农35号’获得株型突变体材料182个单株,可分为17个组。M1代成熟期株型相关性状突变体分析结果表明：1.0% EMS处理‘长农35号’所获突变体,在株高、穗下节粗、穗下第一节间粗和茎节数4个性状与对照有显著差异,而0.8%处理与对照差异不显著,因此,对于‘长农35号’来讲,采用1.0% EMS进行诱变处理更有利于多类型大量突变单株的获得。     

机械活化醋酸酯淀粉包膜缓释尿素的制备

采用浇铸法制备醋酸酯淀粉膜,研究了取代度、铸膜液溶剂种类、铸膜液质量体积分数和铸膜液温度对膜性能的影响.采用物理法制备包膜尿素,以淋溶法对包膜尿素的释放特性进行评价.结果表明,机械活化玉米醋酸酯淀粉成膜性能好.是良好的缓释包膜剂;包膜尿素淋溶9次后尿素总溶出率为53.74%.比普通尿素总溶出率降低43.44个百分点.说明用机械活化醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素后,对尿素态氯释放有明显的缓释放作用.     

仔猪轮状病毒感染与乳糖不耐受症的临床检测

[目的]探讨轮状病毒感染与乳糖不耐受症的临床相关性,为建立适用于规模化养猪场的仔猪轮状病毒感染检测方法提供理论依据.[方法]随机选择腹泻仔猪和健康仔猪各63头,采用醋酸铅—氢氧化铵法和pH试纸法分别检测仔猪粪便的乳糖和pH值,粪便乳糖大于或等于++且pH≤5.5为继发性乳糖不耐受症;然后运用猪轮状病毒诊断试剂检测乳糖不耐受病例的猪轮状病毒感染情况.[结果]与健康仔猪相比,腹泻仔猪粪便乳糖大于或等于++为36例,其中pH≤5.5有23例,即发生乳糖不耐受症的病例23例,占总腹泻仔猪数的36.51%.对23例乳糖不耐受病例进行轮状病毒感染检测,结果发现仔猪继发性乳糖不耐受症与猪感染轮状病毒所引起腹泻的吻合率高达100%.[结论]由猪轮状病毒所引起的仔猪腹泻,多会发生继发性乳糖不耐受症,采用醋酸铅—氢氧化铵法能及时鉴别诊断猪轮状病毒感染,且具有廉价、方便、快捷等优势,适合在基层猪场大规模使用.     

化学诱变剂诱导番茄耐低温突变体的初步研究

为了利用化学诱变剂在番茄作物上诱导耐低温突变体,以番茄品种TTI1103B-2的愈伤组织为材料,分别采用不同浓度甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)处理不同时间,根据愈伤组织存活率,确定这2种化学诱变剂处理番茄愈伤组织的半致死浓度和适宜的处理时间。结果表明：在相同化学诱变剂浓度处理下,愈伤组织随着处理时间的增加存活的比率降低;在同一处理时间下,愈伤组织随着化学诱变剂浓度增加存活的比率降低;EMS处理番茄品种(TTI1103B-2)愈伤组织的半致死浓度为0.2%,处理时间为20~40 min;NaN3处理的半致死浓度为3.0 mmol/L,处理时间为40~60 min。     

甲酸乙酯对三种主要仓储害虫的熏蒸作用

为明确甲酸乙酯对仓储害虫的实际控制效果,避免二氧化碳对熏蒸作用的影响,该研究利用循环熏蒸系统(FTFS),测定甲酸乙酯对米象、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹三种主要仓储害虫混合虫态的熏蒸作用.结果表明:在25℃、70%RH条件下,甲酸乙酯43.34、80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L 熏蒸处理6 h,对赤拟谷盗和谷蠹混合虫态有很好的控制作用,死亡率大于95.96%;甲酸乙酯80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L处理对米象混合虫态的杀虫效果较好.甲酸乙酯对米象蛹的杀虫效果较差.     

川芎浸膏萃取溶剂研究及其有机溶剂残留量的测定

本论文基于某已上市复方川芎制剂制备工艺,通过对其制备过程中的萃取溶剂替代研究以及有机溶剂残留测定方法研究,建立了以乙酸乙酯替代原生产工艺中三氯甲烷的川芎浸膏制备方法,同时建立了气相色谱法测定浸膏中有机溶剂的残留。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯作为川芎浸膏的萃取溶剂,与原浸膏HPLC法检测结果一致,并更安全绿色环保。应用所建立的GC法测定浸膏中乙酸乙酯残留,加样回收率98.44%,该方法稳定可靠,可用于测定浸膏中的乙酸乙酯残留。     

Efficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against stored‐grain insects: effect of fumigant concentration,exposure time and two grain temperatures

BACKGROUND: The ethyl formate/carbon dioxide (CO₂) formulation Vapormate? is a rapid‐acting fumigant being developed for the control of stored‐grain insects. The effects have been investigated of concentration, exposure times of 1, 3, 24 and 72 h and two grain temperatures, 15 and 25 °C, on its efficacy against mixed‐stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and strongly phosphine‐resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) strain QRD569. RESULTS: High mortalities (≥92%) of mixed‐stage cultures of all three species were obtained when grain was fumigated with the formulation (193 g m^?3 ethyl formate) for 1 h. Complete control of R. dominica QRD569 and T. castaneum was achieved with 63 and 76 g m^?3 ethyl formate respectively, with exposure for 24 h, whereas mean mortality of S. oryzae was 86% under the same conditions. Mortalities of S. oryzae juvenile stages were significantly lower than adults under the conditions tested, which was due to pronounced tolerance of mid‐stage pupae to the fumigant. Reducing grain temperature from 25 to 15 °C had no effect on insect mortality. CONCLUSION: Ethyl formate/CO₂ formulation is highly effective against stored‐grain insects over a range of concentrations and exposure times. Efficacious fumigations were conducted in as little as 1 h, and a strongly phosphine‐resistant R. dominica strain was readily controlled with the fumigant. Copyright © 2009 CSIRO, Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

东亚飞蝗4龄蝗蝻对4种化合物的拒食反应

采用非选择性拒食活性测定十五醇、十二酸乙酯、油酸酰胺以及十六烯4种化合物对东亚飞蝗4龄蝗蝻的拒食活性。试验结果表明,十五醇、十二酸乙酯和油酸酰胺3种化合物的拒食作用随着化合物的浓度增加而增强,而十六烯则没拒食作用。十五醇、十二酸乙酯和油酸酰胺对东亚飞蝗4龄蝗蝻的拒食中浓度分别为0.82,0.19和0.35 mol/L,相关系数分别为0.993 3,0.976 5,0.928 0。在这3种拒食化合物中,以十二酸乙酯具最强拒食效果,油酸酰胺次之,十五醇最弱。该研究结果对于利用十五醇、十二酸乙酯、油酸酰胺研究开发东亚飞蝗拒食剂奠定了一定的基础。     

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging: a new method for rapid detection of herbicide resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides

Due to the steadily increasing number of putative herbicide‐resistant weed populations, the demand for rapid in‐season tests is rising. In this study, we introduce a new quantitative herbicide‐resistance test system based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis of photosynthesis‐related parameters. Susceptible and herbicide‐resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides (black‐grass) were cultivated in multiwell tissue culture plates containing nutrient agar and different dosages of fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron. The maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII was measured 3 h after transplanting (HAT) and then for seven days every 24 h. Data of maximum quantum efficiency of the PSII were compared with standard whole‐plant pot tests and molecular tests for target‐site mutations. It was possible to fit dose‐response curves and calculate corresponding resistance factors for ED90 for all populations tested using the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. It was possible to distinguish between resistant and susceptible populations. The results of the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging corresponded well with the standard whole‐plant pot tests in the glasshouse. However, populations with proved target‐site mutations did not differ from other herbicide‐resistant populations in the maximum quantum efficiency values of the PSII. We conclude that the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging provides reliable data on herbicide resistance for both modes of action tested in a shorter time and using less space, compared with standard whole‐plant pot tests in the glasshouse.