清宫散对患子宫内膜炎奶牛血液流变学指标的影响

采用椎板式血液粘度仪检测了中药方剂-清宫散对患子宫内膜炎奶牛治疗前后血液流变学指标的影响。结果表明:患子宫内膜炎奶牛的全血粘度、全血低切/高切还原粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性系数显著或极显著高于健康牛,经清宫散治疗后上述指标显著或极显著下降;空白对照组奶牛首次采血时的血液流变学参数与试验组奶牛治疗前的参数无显著差异(P>0.05);各组奶牛红细胞压积无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:清宫散能改善患牛微循环障碍,降低血液粘度,进而达到活血化瘀之功效。     

Use of postpartum vaginoscopic (visual vaginal) examination of dairy cows for the diagnosis of endometritis and the association of endrometritis with reduced reproductive performance

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the findings from vaginoscopic examination of postpartum dairy cows with peripartum reproductive disease and their subsequent reproductive performance, and to determine the factors that might be associated with a positive vaginoscopic examination (VV). METHODS: Cows (n=1325) from 17 seasonal calving dairy herds were enrolled if they had been calved at least 7 days and had at least one of the following conditions that placed them at risk of endometritis: retained fetal membranes (RFM), dystocia, a dead calf, hypocalcaemia, twin birth, calving induction or an observed vulval discharge (VD). Examination was undertaken 28-37 days before mating start date (MSD) within each herd. All cows were body condition scored (BCS) and were VV scored on a scale of 0 (clear) to 3 (purulent). The uterus and ovaries were assessed by rectal palpation. RESULTS: Cows with a positive VV score (1-3) were less likely to conceive to first service and had a lower pregnancy proportion than cows that had a negative VV score (score 0). Mean MSD to conception interval was longer in VV-positive cows. A positive VV score was associated with a low BCS, primiparity, intrapelvic uterus, poor uterine tone, large uterus, RFM, VD, dystocia, dead calf and twins. CONCLUSION: In the present study a positive VV score was associated with reduced reproductive performance and was more common in primiparous and low BCS cows. Of the at-risk cows, those with RFM, VD, dystocia, dead calf or twins were more likely to have a positive VV score.     

Effect of intrauterine treatment with cephapirin on the reproductive performance of seasonally calving dairy cows at risk of endometritis following periparturient disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intrauterine cephapirin (0.5 g) treatment on the reproductive performance of cows diagnosed as at risk of developing endometritis. METHODS: Cows (n = 1325) from 17 seasonal calving dairy herds were enrolled if they had been calved for more than 6 days and had a condition that placed them at risk of endometritis. Half were treated with intrauterine cephapirin at an examination performed 28-37 days prior to mating start date (MSD). Cows were scored for body condition, their vaginal discharge was scored using vaginoscopy (VV), and the uterus and ovaries were assessed by rectal palpation. RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant treatment effect on reproductive performance. In 945 modified at risk (MAR) cows the effect of treatment varied with the calving to treatment interval (CTI) and VV status. For the subset of 229 MAR cows with CTI < or = 28 days, treatment improved the proportions of first-service conception (OR 3.1; P < 0.01) and 6-week in-calf (OR 2.1; P < 0.05), and reduced the mean MSD to conception interval by 20 days (P < 0.05). The difference was greater in cows with a positive VV score (1-3). Treated VV-negative cows with CTI > 48 days had a reduced proportion of cows in-calf by 6 weeks (OR 0.58; P = 0.056) compared with untreated cows. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine cephapirin infusion of MAR cows improved reproductive performance, depending on CTI. The greater treatment effect in VV-positive cows suggests that VV scoring is a useful tool for the diagnosis of endometritis.     

中药新促孕液对母畜子宫内膜炎的疗效和抗炎机理研究

为了研究中药新促孕液(NFPL)防治母畜子宫内膜炎的机理和进一步改进药液组方,以NFPL为基本方,分别添加清热、活血和补气中药组成3个加味方,制备家兔子宫内膜炎模型,观察NFPL及其3个加味方的治疗效果,测定治疗后外周血白细胞分类计数、子宫内膜中炎性细胞数量、子宫组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α-和唾液酸(SA)含量以及总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD)活性的变化。结果表明,NFPL能显著减轻子宫内膜炎的临床症状,显著降低子宫组织中TNF-α的含量(P<0.05);4个方剂均能降低血液嗜中性粒细胞的数量和百分比,显著减少子宫内膜中炎性细胞数量(P<0.05),降低SA的含量,提高子宫组织中TSOD的活力,从而增强子宫的抗炎能力。3个加味方相比,方1和方2的效果显著(P<0.05)。提示NFPL对子宫内膜炎的疗效可靠,方1和方2可作为改进NFPL组方时的参考方。     

连翘对奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌-乳房链球菌和无乳链球菌生长曲线的影响

目的：指导中草药连翘在治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎时的合理应用。方法：在患子宫内膜炎奶牛的子宫颈口分泌物中分离鉴定出了乳房链球菌、无乳链球菌,同时通过对乳房链球菌、无乳链球菌生长曲线的测定。结果：连翘对乳房链球菌最低抑菌浓度为7.812 mg/mL,对无乳链球菌最低抑菌浓度为31.25 mg/mL。结论：连翘对此两种链球菌均有良好的体外抑制作用,这对用中草药连翘防治奶牛子宫内膜炎具有十分重要的指导意义。     

益生菌在奶牛炎性疾病和代谢疾病控制中的应用

益生菌制剂不仅能够提高奶牛的生产性能,还能在一定程度上缓解产后炎症、环境应激、饲料转换等带来的机体损伤,上述情况常伴随着产奶量下降、免疫机能降低等不良影响.该文综述了益生菌制剂在奶牛子宫内膜炎、热应激、能量负平衡和瘤胃酸中毒中的应用,为益生菌制剂在奶牛生产中的合理使用提供参考.     

miRNA在奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗靶点的研究进展

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛常见的产后疾病,给奶牛养殖业造成了很大的损失,加之抗生素的滥用和耐药菌株的出现,使得寻求子宫内膜炎在分子层面的治疗方法更加迫切,本文就子宫内膜炎的病因、危害、诊断方法及miRNA作为治疗靶点进行阐述,以期为子宫内膜炎的治疗提供参考。     

nisin及大黄复方对子宫内膜炎大鼠血清中MMP-2和MMP-9活性的影响

为研究乳酸链球菌素(nisin)及大黄复方对患大鼠子宫内膜炎血清中基质金属蛋白酶-2、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-2、MMP-9)的作用,构建大鼠子宫内膜炎模型,将280只SD大鼠随机分为nisin组、低、中、高剂量大黄复方组、阳性对照组、生理盐水组以及模型组,建子宫内膜炎模型前0h和建模后24、48、72h,用ELISA试剂盒检测各试验组中基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)和基质金属蛋白抑制物(TIMPs)的变化情况来确定治疗效果。结果表明:1)在0~72h之间,模型组中,MMP-9和TIMP-1的质量浓度显著低于生理盐水组(P0.05),且MMP-2和TIMP-2的质量浓度逐渐降低;2)nisin和高剂量大黄复方组中MMP-9、TIMP-1、MMP-2和TIMP-2的质量浓度均显著高于生理盐水组(P0.05),其中以nisin组和高剂量大黄复方组效果最佳。由此可见,nisin和高剂量大黄复方能显著提高子宫内膜炎大鼠血清中TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达,抑制MMP-9和MMP-2的活性而发挥调控子宫内生理机能的作用,表明nisin、中、高剂量大黄复方对MMP-9、TIMP-1和MMP-2的质量浓度具有正调控作用。