STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND MUON EMULSION CHAMBERS

This paper reviews structure and acquired outcomes of eleven underground muon emulsion chambers constructed within seven years. This paper holds that thick type emulsion chambers haven't an advantage over thin type emulsion chambers on the basis of interaction between high energy muons and absorbent mediums,and detective efficiency of emulsion chambers.     

柴油机燃用不同乳化率柴油与富氧进气试验与模拟

在直喷柴油机上采用氧体积分数为21％、22％、23％和24％进气增氧技术,燃用含水率为0％、10％、20％和30％(体积比)的乳化柴油,进行试验研究及数值模拟.测试工况为被测发动机的最大扭矩点.试验及模拟结果均表明:在燃用相同乳化柴油,随进气氧体积分数的增加,燃烧始点提前,最大压力增加.在相同进气氧体积分数条件下,着火点随乳化柴油含水率的增加而推后.不同的进气氧体积分数及不同含水率的乳化柴油相互搭配可以控制燃烧室内着火时刻和着火速度.燃用30％乳化柴油,氧体积分数从21％增加到24％时NO排放均不超过原机.20％乳化柴油在22％氧体积分数以下效果较好.10％乳化柴油只是在空气助燃时比原机好.碳烟的排放随氧体积分数的增加而降低,亦随乳化率的增加而降低,使用乳化柴油和进气富氧均可使发动机的碳烟排放低于原机碳烟排放.从缸内温度场分布可知,燃料内的含水率对缸内的低温化学反应影响较大,进气内的氧体积分数对高温反应有较大影响.     

鸡腺胃型传支病毒的分离及其油乳剂灭活疫苗的研制

从德州市某些鸡场发生的以腺胃肿大为特征病变的病鸡群中收集腺胃组织进行了病原分离。分离病原通过SPF鸡胚传代可见典型的胚胎病变特征 ,电镜观察 ,可见到直径为 80～ 1 4 0nm、有囊膜及纤突呈冠状排列的病毒离子 ;经 1 %胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞 ;接种 1 0日龄SPF雏鸡可引起与自然病例相似的病征及病理变化 ,并从病变组织中再分离到病毒 ,从而确定该分离株为鸡腺胃型传支病毒。用其制成的油乳剂灭活疫苗 ,可使接种鸡获得坚强的免疫力 ,能有效地预防本病的发生。     

胡椒油树脂乳液的制备

胡椒油树脂具有粘度大、色泽深、易结晶、不溶于水等缺点,限制了其工业化生产及应用。为解决胡椒油树脂的应用问题,本文选择单甘酯与蔗糖酯为乳化剂、阿拉伯胶为增稠剂,研究单甘酯与蔗糖酯的比例、乳化剂添加量、阿拉伯胶添加量、胡椒油树脂与去离子水的比例对胡椒油树脂乳化性及乳液稳定性的影响,并通过正交实验优化胡椒油树脂的乳化条件。得到的最优乳化条件为：单甘酯与蔗糖酯比例3∶7、乳化剂添加量2%、阿拉伯胶添加量4%、油水比例1∶8。在此条件下,乳液不分层且流动性较好,乳液稳定性达95%。本研究对胡椒油树脂进行乳化,有利于提高胡椒油树脂的稳定性,扩大其应用范围,促进胡椒产品由初级加工向高附加值精深加工转变。     

助剂S240对水分散性粒剂及乳油药液雾化的影响

为探究药液性质对喷头雾化的影响,该文应用粒子图像分析系统、高速摄影仪及粒径分析仪对ST110-03喷头与IDK120-03喷头进行试验研究,分析了水分散性粒剂Don-q、乳油Score及2种药剂条件下助剂Breakthru S240浓度对雾化区及雾滴谱的影响。未添加助剂时,农药剂型不同,2类喷头的雾化区及雾滴体积中径(volume medium diameter,VMD)均发生显著变化,水分散性粒剂溶液与自来水的雾化区结构、液膜长度和VMD相差不大;乳油溶液可以使2类喷头的雾化区结构发生显著变化,液膜长度分别减小35.2%和40.5%,VMD分别增大13.5%和28.9%;不同剂型农药条件下,随助剂浓度增大,2类喷头液膜区及破碎区结构均发生不同程度的变化,液膜长度均先减小后增大,VMD先增加后减小,即液膜长度变化与VMD变化呈现负相关性。结合药液理化性质研究发现表面张力是影响雾化的重要因素之一。该研究可为田间助剂浓度的添加范围及喷头雾化特性的模拟与模型建立提供参考。     

Foaming and Emulsifying Properties of Fractions of Gluten Peptides Obtained by Limited Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Ultrafiltration

Gluten hydrolysates were prepared by limited enzymatic hydrolysis with a protease having a chymotryptic activity in the presence or in the absence of cysteine during the dispersion phase of the process. The hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration, using two inorganic membranes with different molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), 50 kg/mol and 150 kg/mol. The retentates were enriched in hydrophobic peptides and the permeates were enriched in hydrophilic peptides. The foaming and emulsifying properties of hydrolysates, retentates and permeates were analysed at two pHs (4 and 6·5) and two salt concentrations (0·2 and 2% NaCl). Hydrolysates displayed a foaming capacity, but the foams were not stable. Permeates generated foams at pH 6·5 only, and these foams had a very short life-time. Permeates displayed no emulsifying properties. Retentates yielded foams with a good stability and were more efficient than whole hydrolysates to stabilise emulsions. They provided a strong resistance to coalescence. The functional properties of retentates were only sightly influenced by pH and ionic strength. Neither cysteine addition, which helps gluten dispersion and increases the yield of soluble hydrolysate, nor the MWCO of the ultrafiltration membranes influenced the functionality of the hydrolysate fractions.     

Certain functional properties of gums derived from some lesser known tropical legumes (Afzelia africana,Detarium microcarpum andMucuna flagellipes)

Gum was extracted from some lesser known tropical legumes —Afzelia africana, Detarium microcarpum andMucuna flagellipes. The extracts were evaluated for some functional properties. At a constant shear rate the apparent viscosity of the gums was directly proportional to the gum concentration. At 2% concentration, the gum dispersions showed an apparent viscosity of 41.24, 115.05 and 145.14 cps forA. africana, D. microcarpum andM. flagellipes gums respectively, measured at 174/sec and 25±1°C with the NV sensor of Haaké rotovisko viscometer. All the gums were found to contain D-galactose as a major monosaccharide. In addition, the presence of D-mannose, and D-glucose were indicated in bothD. microcarpum andM. flagellipes while L-rhamnose, was indicated only inA. africana. A. africana showed significantly (p<0.05) lower water absorption capacity and gelation properties thanD. microcarpum andM. flagellipes. All the gums showed good emulsion properties. Emulsions ofM. flagellipes gum showed little response to pH changes whileA. africana andD. microcarpum gum showed better emulsion properties at acid pH than at alkaline pH.     

罗汉果籽油微胶囊的乳化配方及其性质分析

[目的]研究罗汉果籽油微胶囊的乳化配方及其性质,为制备出高品质的罗汉果籽油微胶囊及进一步开发利用罗汉果提供参考依据.[方法]以罗汉果籽油为原料制备微胶囊产品,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应曲面法优化罗汉果籽油微胶囊化的乳化配方,并对罗汉果籽油微胶囊产品性质进行分析.[结果]微胶囊化罗汉果籽油的最佳乳化条件为:以阿拉伯胶为主壁材、β-环糊精为填充剂,乳化剂浓度1.06%,壁材比1∶9.8,芯壁比1∶2.71,固形物浓度16.69%.经高温喷雾干燥所得的罗汉果籽油微胶囊产品热稳定性较好,但易吸收水分.[结论]在最佳乳化条件下制得的罗汉果籽油乳状液稳定性可以达到99.4%,经高温喷雾干燥所得的微胶囊产品应保存在干燥的环境中.     

Preparation of extract-loaded nanocapsules from Onopordon leptolepis DC.

Sesquiterpenes have antifungal, antibacterial, and anesthetic properties. It is also thought that they prevent migraines and can be used as antibiotics and to treat malaria, but there are very few in-depth testing results available to support these claims. Nanocapsules coated by medicinal plants have many applications in drug manufacturing. Medicinal plants can be loaded on nanocapsules with the polyester triblock copolymer polyethylene glycol-polybutylene adipate-polyethylene glycol (PEG-PBA-PEG) as the shell and olive oil as the core by a process known as the polymer deposition solvent evaporation method. It has been shown that the size of nanocapsules depends on a variety of factors, such as the ratio of polymer to oil, concentration of polymers, and concentration of plant extract. In this research we attempted to prepare nanocapsules by emulsification of a mixture of onopordopicrin extracted from Onopordon leptolepis DC., polymer, acetone, and olive oil in aqueous phase without using surfactant. The nanocapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and zeta potential sizer.