Molecular identification of the vaccine strain from the inactivated oil emulsion H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza vaccine

In order to control the H9N2 subtype low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), an inactivated vaccine has been used in Korea since 2007. The Korean veterinary authority permitted the use of a single H9N2 LPAI vaccine strain to simplify the evolution of the circulating virus due to the immune pressure caused by the vaccine use. It is therefore important to determine the suitability of the vaccine strain in the final inactivated oil emulsion LPAI vaccine. In this study, we applied molecular rather than biological methods to verify the suitability of the vaccine strain used in commercial vaccines and successfully identified the strain by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes with that of the permitted Korean LPAI vaccine strain. It is thought that the method used in this study might be successfully applied to other viral genes of the LPAI vaccine strain and perhaps to other veterinary oil emulsion vaccines.     

万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂的研究

随着人们环境保护意识的增强,植物源农药的开发利用是目前农药研究的热点课题,万寿菊杀菌素是模拟其根部提取物合成的杀菌物质,具有水不溶性,对其进行乳化实验,发现当复配乳化剂亲水亲油平衡值（HLB值）为10时乳化效果最好,此时制剂的稳定性最高。同时利用万寿菊杀菌素水乳剂对西瓜枯萎病菌进行抑菌实验效果良好,达到了与其根粗提物相近的抑制效果,表明该人工模拟合成的万寿菊杀菌素与天然杀菌素有相似的抑菌作用。     

基于水基反应成膜技术的聚合物包膜肥料的研制

以3种水基硅丙乳液(SD-528、SD-5281和GA-1710)为材料,利用水基反应成膜技术对这3种材料进行化学改性,制备了聚合物包膜肥料模型膜;研究了模型膜的养分扩散性能,在此基础上研制了水基聚合物包膜肥料;测定了包膜肥料养分释放曲线,并利用红外光声光谱对聚合物膜进行原位表征.结果表明,通过化学交联改性,硅丙基模型膜具有优良的成膜性和扩散性能,不同的乳液对包膜尿素的缓释效果影响显著;GA-1710和SD-528的缓释效果较好,在静态水中的释放时间可达到30 d,而SD-5281缓释性能较差,需要做进一步的化学改性;不同的乳液类型制备的包膜尿素的释放模式也不同,GA-1710累积释放曲线为"S"型,而SD-528为"L"型.因此,利用反应成膜技术,硅丙乳液在水基包膜肥料的研制中具有广阔的应用前景.     

环吡酮胺纳米乳的制备及含量测定

【目的】对环吡酮胺纳米乳的配方及制备方法进行研究,并对其理化性质、稳定性、含量进行考察。【方法】利用伪三元相图优选配方,制备环吡酮胺纳米乳,通过透射电子显微镜、激光粒度测定仪、UV分光光度计对其形态、粒径和含量进行考察,通过高速离心试验和留样观察试验对其稳定性进行考察。【结果】以乙酸异丙酯为油相,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油为表面活性剂,乙醇为助表面活性剂,在表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比Km=3∶2时,室温下可形成稳定的水包油型纳米乳体系;乳滴呈球形,分布均匀,平均粒径为11.4nm,多分散系数(PDI)为0.132。稳定性试验显示,环吡酮胺纳米乳经10 000r/min离心20min及在-4,25,60℃贮藏6个月后,纳米乳液仍澄清均一,未出现分层、破乳现象。含量测定显示,在306.2nm处测定纳米乳液中环吡酮胺含量的专属性良好。【结论】获得制备环吡酮胺纳米乳的配方,且该配方制备工艺简单可行,制得的环吡酮胺纳米乳稳定性高。     

花生乳状液体系中蛋白质的酶解动力学研究

采用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L水解花生乳状液体系中蛋白质,研究了蛋白酶在乳状液体系中的水解特性。结果表明：蛋白质水解度随着初始酶浓度的增加而提高,在酶浓度一定的情况下水解度随着初始底物浓度的提高而降低。蛋白质水解度与乳状液的破乳率存在显著正相关(r=0.983)。在花生乳状液体系中Alcalase 2.4L的水解动力学参数Km=0.0698mol/L,Vmax=3.71×10-4mol/(min·L)。由实验数据推导出蛋白质酶解初级阶段的动力学方程,确定蛋白质水解和乳状液破乳的临界初始底物质量浓度为8.73g/L（加酶量为0.05%）。在酶和底物初始浓度以及反应时间确定的前提下,通过动力学方程可预测破乳过程中蛋白质的水解度及破乳率。     

Studies on green gram (Phaseolus aureus) protein concentrate and flour

Protein isolate from green gram (Phaseolus aureus) was prepared and the chemical composition was determined. It contained 64.04% protein, 1.8% total lipids, 27.64% total carbohydrates, 1.68% crude fibre and 4.84% ash. Iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, potassium and sodium were determined. The limiting amino acid in the protein isolate was lysine. In vitro digestibility pepsin followed the pancretion was the highest and the lowest was the digestion by pepsin alone. Water absorption, oil absorption, emulsion capacity and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) of the protein isolate were 2.26g/g, 1.24g/g, 31.4g/g and 6.8g/g, respectively. For comparison the same functional properties were determined for the flour of green gram. Replacing 5 and 10% of the wheat flour with green gram flour improved the mixing properties of dough and produced good acceptable bread. However, the addition of 15% green gram flour weakened the dough and lowered the quality of bread. Replacing 2.5, 5 and 7.5% of wheat flour with protein concentrate also weakened the mixing properties of the wheat dough and decreased the bread quality.     

环境因素与油乳剂对莠去津的影响

室内测定了环境因素与油乳剂对莠去津防除杂草的影响．结果表明，土壤含水量、空气湿度的提高均有利于莠去津茎叶处理药效的发挥，而４８ｈ内降雨将大大降低莠去津的防效．莠去津喷雾液内加入油乳剂将减轻上述不利因素的影响，提高莠去津的喷雾效果。     

淀粉-偶氮苯衍生物接枝共聚物的反相乳液合成及表征

以Span-80为乳化剂,K2S2O8的碱性溶液引发淀粉与偶氮苯衍生物接枝共聚,考察了反应温度、时间、pH值及乳化剂用量对接枝率和接枝效率的影响。结果表明:在反相乳液中应用价廉无毒的K2S2O8的碱性溶液引发接枝共聚反应,可以达到较高的接枝率和接枝效率。当淀粉用量7.00%,[单体]=0.391 mol/L,[K2S2O8]=8.650 mmol/L,[KOH]=0.178 mol/L,乳化剂用量8.02%,反应时间120 min以及反应温度50℃时接枝率和接枝效率分别达最大值69.88%和94.60%。并应用X-ray衍射、热重分析TGA和差热分析DTA等测试手段对接枝共聚物进行了表征,确证了接枝的发生。     

ζ电位在纳米二氧化硅-纯丙乳液体系稳定性研究中的应用

通过测量纳米二氧化硅水体系、纯丙乳液-纳米二氧化硅混合体系的ζ电位，确定了在纯丙乳液中加入纳米二氧化硅的最佳pH值条件，即pH值为6，29～7．49，通过红外光谱证实了在混合体系中纳米二氧化硅与纯丙乳液发生了接枝交联，从而提高了混合乳液的储存稳定性和成膜性能。文中还以纳米二氧化硅增强的纯丙乳液制备了高性能的建筑涂料。     

Post harvest physiconutritional changes in Kagzi limes (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) treated with selected oil emulsions and diphenyl

Influence of oil emulsions and diphenyl on post-harvest physico nutritionalchanges in Kagzi limes (Citrus aurantifolia) was studied. During twelvedays of storage, physiological loss in weight (PLW) and rotting were at a minimum in fruits treated with Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) oilplus diphenyl; juice content was at a maximum in mustard oil + diphenyltreated fruits. With the advancement of storage period, total soluble solidswere increased while ascorbic acid and acidity of fruits decreased. Mustardoil plus diphenyl supported maximum ascorbic acid (25.60 mg/100 ml juice) andminimum total soluble solids (9.03%).