阔叶缬草的离体培养及不定芽发生

为建立阔叶缬草离体培养体系并探讨不定芽形态建成的细胞学基础，以盆栽的野生苗为材料，切取其嫩叶、叶柄、地下幼嫩根状茎和不定根作为外植体，探讨不同消毒方式的影响及不同生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织诱导、和不定芽分化的影响；将具芽点分化的愈伤组织进行石蜡切片，并观察不定芽发生的显微结构。结果表明：1、地上部外植体的消毒方式为70%酒精浸泡30 s后0.1%升汞浸泡6 min效果较好；地下部分因受污染比较严重，消毒困难，死亡率为100%。2、地上部分的叶片和叶柄均能诱导出愈伤组织，且产生具香味的毛状根。适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基为 MS 2,4-D 2mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/ L，其中以叶为外植体诱导率较高，可达80%，但愈伤组织在供试培养基中分化困难，最高分化率仅为25%，培养基为 MS 6-BA 4 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L；3.不定芽的发生起源于愈伤组织表皮细胞的分裂，属于外起源。     

拟南芥悬浮细胞及其愈伤组织对潮霉素的反应

研究了潮霉索对拟南芥悬浮细胞及其愈伤组织的作用效果和特性．结果表明：潮霉素对拟南芥悬浮细胞生长、愈伤组织诱导及其生长均有极明显的抑制作用。但作用效果和特性均有所不同；拟南芥悬浮细胞继代培养阶段、愈伤组织诱导阶段和愈伤组织增殖阶段的临界致死质量浓度分别为25、2．5、1．5mg／L，液体与固体培养条件下差异极大；潮毒素需要一定处理时间才能充分表现其抑制细胞生长或杀死细胞的效果，一般液体培养条件下3d以后、固体培养条件下5d以后效果趋于稳定，但不同的处理质量浓度有较大差异．还就液体与固体培养条件下作用效果差异的原因进行了讨论，并提出了对潮毒素抗性标记筛选的建议．     

谷秆两用稻成熟胚组织培养及植株再生的初步研究

谷秆两用稻 ( Grain- Straw- Dual- Use- Rice)是一种谷、草兼优的新型水稻 ,其稻谷产量与常规稻相当 ,米质优 ;其稻草蛋白质含量比常规稻约高 1倍以上 ,达到 8%左右 (常规稻仅为 4%左右 ) .这种优质稻草可作为饲料 ,也是一种栽培食用菌的优质材料 ,已显示出广阔的应用前景 .但是谷秆两用稻稻草蛋白质中的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸含量较低 ,特别是其秸秆中碳水化合物含量与一般水稻秸秆的相差不多 ,这种稻草的营养价值还有较大的提高潜力 .然而 ,常规的育种手段缺乏有效的资源且难以克服远缘杂交的生殖障碍 ,在谷秆两用稻相关性状的遗传改良上效果…     

杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

通过对影响悬浮培养的一些物理因素如摇床转速、细胞起始密度等的研究,建立了良好的杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系.研究表明,当摇床转速为100 r/min,细胞起始密度为1×103～3×103个/mL时,可建立一个均匀性、分散性较好和细胞增值较快的杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系.悬浮细胞系的继代周期以2～4周为宜.培养效果最好的悬浮物是直径介于150～280 μm的细胞团,其干重占总悬浮物干重的65%.     

Genetic control of somatic embryogenesis in cotton petiole callus cultures

Summary Three commercial varieties (Acala SJ-5, Coker 312 and Paymaster 303) and three exotic accessions (T1, T25 and T169) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were tested for ability to undergo somatic embryogenesis. Sections of split petiole were cultured on 3 media and evaluated for embryogenesis after 180 days. Embryogenic T25 and Coker 312 plants were selected and crossed in a diallel with non-embryogenic Acala SJ-5, Paymaster 303, T1 and T169 plants. F₁, F₂ and BC₁ populations were generated and tested for embryogenesis on a medium of MS salts and vitamins (1962) plus (per liter) 4.0 mg NAA, 1.0 mg Kn, 30 g glucose, 100 mg myo-inositol, 2.0 g Gelrite and 0.75 g MgCl₂. Segregation for both occurrence and magnitude of embryogenesis was observed, suggesting the action of more than one gene.     

珂字201胚性愈伤组织cDNA文库的构建和分析

用经过改进的胍盐法提取了陆地棉品种珂字201胚性愈伤组织的总RNA,进而分离了mR-NA,合成了全长cDNA,并将其克隆到λTriplEx载体中,进行体外包装后,成功地获得了cDNA文库.该文库的滴度为2.02×107pfu·ml-1,重组效率在90%以上,插入片段大小范围也符合cDNA文库构建的要求.     

大麦成熟胚胚性愈伤组织的高频诱导和植株再生

大麦成熟胚的初代愈伤组织是水质、柔软的非胚性愈伤组织，在继代培养中能以一定频率出现胚性愈伤组织。本文研究了基因型、有机添加物和胚切割等因素对大麦胚性愈伤组织诱导频率的影响。结果表明：供试的１０个大麦品种在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和植株再生率上有显著差异；培养基中添加水解酷蛋白、Ｌ－脯氨酸以及提高维生素Ｂ１和肌醇的浓度可以促进胚性愈伤组织的形成；胚芽段比全胚或胚根段更易形成胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织转入无     

A comparison of the somaclonal variation level of Rosa hybrida L. cv Meirutral plants regenerated from callus or direct induction from different vegetative and embryonic tissues

Summary Flowering plants of Rosa hybrida L. cv Meirutral have been obtained either from direct regeneration of adventitious shoots on leaf and root fragments, or through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis on calli derived from anther, ovule, petal, sepal, receptacle, leaf, stem internode, root and zygotic embryo tissues. The calli derived from floral parts exhibited rhizogenesis. In this case direct induction of adventitious shoots from selected roots had to be performed in order to generate plants. A histological study of the morphogenetic calli was carried out. The plants regenerated directly and those regenerated from calli of leaf, stem internode, root and zygotic embryo tissues, together with reference plants propagated by cuttings, were compared on a phenotypic basis by taking into account petal number, form and colour, and plant growth habit. From these observations, it can be concluded that directly regenerated plants are as stable as reference plants while plants regenerated from callus are unstable, especially those derived from zygotic embryo tissues.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - GA3 gibberellic acid - IAA 3-indole-acetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog - NAA 1-naphthalene acetic acid     

Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts Derived from Suspension Culture of Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. 'Taipei 177')

Protoplasts were isolated from young inflorescence-derived suspension cultures of a japonica rice cultivar ‘Taipei 177’. The isolated protoplasts which were cultured either in liquid, agar on Sea plaque agarose underwent sustained division. Maximum plating efficiency of 1.06% occurred in a medium containing macroelements of KM, microelements and vitamins of B5, 0.5 % Sea plaque agarose, 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D, and glucose as an osmotic stabilizer. Green and albino plants were regenerated from the protocalli in MS semisolid medium containing 4 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate (MS_18–2).     

离体条件下抗生素对棉花愈伤组织生长的影响

研究了 3种抗生素对中棉所 19下胚轴愈伤组织生长的影响。结果表明 ,卡那霉素对棉花下胚轴的愈伤组织形成和增殖均有明显抑制作用 ,其浓度低于 10 0 mg· L -1时 ,随着其浓度增加 ,愈伤组织诱导率降低 ,增殖率下降 ;其浓度高于 10 0mg· L-1 时不能诱导愈伤组织发生。羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素对棉花下胚轴愈伤组织诱导率没有影响 ,浓度高于 2 5 0 mg· L-1 时对其增殖有轻微抑制作用。