可持续发展与生态经济学刍议

讨论了可持续发展观念产生的背景及内涵，以及生态经济学的产生和发展，并对生态经济学与传统生态学及传统经济学作了比较。在此基础上，作进一步介绍了生态经济学的研究对象、任务和内容。     

新形态的循环经济与循环经济学的研究

传统经济是由“资源－－产品－－污染排放”的物质单向流动的经济。即人们把地球上的物质和能量开采出来，经过生产、加工和消费过程，又把污染和废物大量地排放到环境中去，对资源的利用是粗放的、一次性的，导致了许多自然资源的短缺与枯竭，并酿成了灾难性的环境污染后果－－诸如水源、空气污染和垃圾堆放、沙尘暴等。与此不同，循环经济则是建立在物质不断循环利用，循环替代，循环净化基础上的经济发展模式，使经济活动按照自然生态系统的规律，组成一个“资源－－产品－－再生资源”的物质反复循环流动过程，使整个经济系统以及生产和消费的过程基本上不产生或者只产生很少的废物。循环经济学的特征是自然资源的低投入、高利用和废弃物的低排放，从而根本上消解长期以来环境与经济发展的尖锐冲突。     

渔业发展的主体及其行为分析

渔业发展的进程和结果取决于相应的经济主体在发展过程中的行为策略。演化经济学从个体行为的层面很好地解释了推动经济发展的深层因素。论文基于演化经济学的研究视角,针对我国渔业发展的现状,分析了经济主体尚未完全确立、经济主体的行为能力缺乏、所处的市场环境不完善等问题。提出培育具有独立经济行为的主体,使其具有主动适应外部市场环境变化的行为能力,以及完善相应的市场机制的运行,是实现渔业持续发展的关键所在。     

安徽省粮食作物全素平衡施肥研究

运用土壤养分系统诊断技术对长江流域的小麦，江淮丘陵区域的水稻和淮北平原的玉米进行了全素平衡施肥田间试验。结果表明：采用新的施肥技术与目前通用施肥模式相比，小麦、玉米和水稻分别增产９％～２０％，７％～１６％和６％～１１％。还证实硫肥对淮北玉米有增产效果。采用能量——经济学评价方法对肥料效应进行了系统评估，认为土壤养分系统诊断技术可在安徽省“二高一优”农业中广泛应用     

水资源价值及商品水定价问题的探析

以资源环境经济学理论为根据，探讨了水资源以及商品水资源的价值内涵；从资源价格、工程价格、生态环境价格等三个方面，论证了商品水资源价格的构成要素；分析了影响商品水定价的自然因素和社会因素，提出了当前制定水价的原则与策略。     

"浙江农民信箱"的信息经济学分析

建设"百万农民信箱工程"是浙江省人民政府推进农业信息化建设的重要举措.本文运用信息经济学的有关理论,对实施"农民信箱"的合理性和有效性进行分析,并就进一步发挥"农民信箱"的作用,提升农业信息化水平提出对策建议.     

A Retrospective Economic Analysis of the Ontario Red Fox Oral Rabies Vaccination Programme

Ontario initiated a red fox (Vulpes vulpes ) oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programme in 1989. This study utilized a benefit‐cost analysis to determine if this ORV programme was economically worthwhile. Between 1979 and 1989, prior to ORV baiting, the average annual human post‐exposure treatments, positive red fox rabies diagnostic tests and indemnity payments for livestock lost to rabies were 2248, 1861 and $246 809, respectively. After baiting, from 1990 to 2000, a 35%, 66% and 41% decrease in post‐exposure treatments, animal rabies tests and indemnity payments was observed, respectively. These reductions were viewed as benefits of the ORV programme, whereas total costs were those associated with ORV baiting. Multiple techniques were used to estimate four different benefit streams and the total estimated benefits ranged from $35 486 316 to $98 413 217. The annual mean ORV programme cost was $6 447 720, with total programme costs of $77 372 637. The average benefit‐cost ratios over the analysis period were .49, 1.06, 1.27 and 1.36, indicating overall programme efficiency in three of the four conservative scenarios.     

Spotted wing drosophila infestation of California strawberries and raspberries: economic analysis of potential revenue losses and control costs

BACKGROUND: Economic costs of spotted wing drosophila (SWD) include yield and associated revenue losses, labor and material costs for monitoring and management and revenue losses due to the closure of export markets should fruit from SWD‐infested regions be banned by trading partners. This analysis focuses on two types of loss in the California raspberry and strawberry industries: yield losses in the absence of management, and insecticide material costs on a per treatment basis. It computes the cost of a specific management program for raspberries in California's Central Coast region. RESULTS: Insecticide material and application costs per treatment and the cost of the management program are small relative to the yield losses in the absence of management that are observed by growers, researchers and others in initial infestations. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to evaluate precisely the share of pest management program costs due to SWD because insecticides are sometimes used to manage multiple pests, and because labor‐intensive field sanitation efforts to control SWD are recommended practices already. Given these considerations, this analysis finds that the benefits to SWD management well outweigh the costs examined here. Evaluating the efficacy of managing SWD is essential in assessing the risks that SWD poses and the benefits of pest management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

王东沟农户经济浅析

该文以王东沟1987~1992年47户农民的定位观测资料为依据,分析了王东沟农户经济稳步发展的主要原因及其特点,论述了王东沟农户经济必将沿着承包户-兼业户-专业户-联合的道路发展,最后走上联合经济的道路?     

采用根滤去污工艺的污水净化植物补救系统决策支持软件

为了开发利用植物去除因吸收污染水而产生的重金属的商业化根滤系统和植物去污补救工艺,研究开发了微型计算机软件,以便为该系统的设计与运行提供参考。建立了一个基于Michaelis-Menton方程的工艺模型,可以定量确定在根滤系统中的植物积累和去除毒素物质的能力。采用一系列的算法处理信息并编入一个根滤设施的系统模型内。该系统模型将植物补救系统的物理元件——植物苗圃、根过滤系统、水的前处理与后处理、植物生物质的产后处理等与系统设计的工程方面包括工艺、运行、设施和系统集成结合起来。该软件内含的工程经济分析工具可用于分析主要设计变量对系统效率的影响