海南省经济林下复合种植产业现状及发展对策

经济林下复合种植是近几年发展较快、能够调整农业结构、增加农民收入的发展模式。海南省发展经济林下复合种植具有明显的优势，同时也存在种植管理比较粗放、规模化和产业化程度低、资金投入相对不足、劳动力短缺等问题。为此提出发展对策，为经济林下复合种植提供借鉴。     

Assessing the effectiveness of manure export plus intensive silage cropping for lowering the Olsen‐P status of P‐enriched grassland

A substantial proportion of farmed grassland soils in Northern Ireland (NI) are overly enriched with P and pose a risk to water quality. To address this problem, manure could be exported rather than recycled to P‐enriched land and the latter intensively cropped with grass silage to deplete soil P. To assess the efficacy of such a strategy, a P‐ and K‐enriched grassland site was intensively cropped over a 6‐yr period with fertilizer N alone supplied to support silage growth. By year 6, soil P had declined from index 5 to index 3, and it was estimated that two more years of this management may bring it into the target index 2 range. Soil K, however, declined rapidly from index 4 to index 1 in just 4 yr, with the result that grass production became limited by K deficiency. It was concluded that nonrecycling of manure to P‐enriched grassland under silage management is probably the most effective strategy for lowering soil P status, but care must be taken to prevent K deficiency occurring.     

Incorporating local ecological knowledge into urban riparian restoration in a mountainous region of Southwest China

Modern cities use straightened and concrete watercourses with simple greening for riparian zones, which has been criticised for insensitivity to natural system integrity and cultural identity. This increases the challenge to urban ecologists, landscape designers and managers to conceive innovative and effective design solutions that do not jeopardise hydraulic efficiency yet are culturally acceptable to local communities. This paper introduces the field of local ecological knowledge (LEK) as rich sources of inspiration and design solutions to meet this challenge. LEK refers to knowledge and practices of various local cultures about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with their environments. Wepropose a pragmatic framework that integrates LEK with modern landscape design. It includes steps: (1) investigate existing practices, skills andmeasures relating to LEK; (2) explore how and whereLEKcan inspire or integrate withdesign. Here we propose three aspects for integration in accordance with the nature of landscaping process: overall structure, component and maintenance.(3)evaluate and test the integration in terms of its acceptability by local communities. Taking the riparian revegetation project of Hanfeng Lake Urban Wetland Park (Chongqing Municipality) as an example, we illustrate the utility of this framework. 11 local common practices relating to LEK were identified. According to thethree aspects for integration, alternative design solutions were offered. The survey showed that LEK based designwas more highly valued than other conventional ways in terms of useracceptance. We conclude that LEK provides actionable ecologically sound and culturally desirablesolutions for urbanlandscape. We also recognise that LEK evolveswith changing environments and new harmonious and dynamic human-nature relationships arecontinually re-forming. The process of acquisition and application of LEK could encourage multidisciplinary and synthetic approaches to urban ecosystems. Such adaptability and interdisciplinary engagementare crucial totoday’schanging and complexurban environments.     

广东新农村建设的现状分析与发展对策

针对广东新农村建设存在的规划滞后、资源浪费、污染严重、社会管理水平低、环保意识薄弱等问题，提出用生态文明理念引领新农村建设以及建设广东生态文明新农村的对策。     

皖北石灰岩山地不同植被恢复模式对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响

通过研究皖北石灰岩山地生态系统的植被群落,分析不同植被恢复群落的组成、结构、多样性和生活型组成,进而阐明石灰岩山地生态系统植被恢复模式对群落结构特征以及植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明:研究区有54种植物,隶属26科54属。侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)+构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)人工混交林有植物种类16科26种,分别占总数的61.5%和48.1%。酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)+牡荆(Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia)灌丛和荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)+牡荆草灌丛植物种类分别为32和33种,分别占调查总物种数的59.3%和61.1%。不同植被恢复群落生活型也有差异。侧柏+构树人工混交林群落高位芽植物占优势,而酸枣+牡荆灌丛和荩草+牡荆草灌丛则以地面芽植物所占比例较大。分析表明,多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均表现为侧柏+构树混交林>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>荩草+牡荆草灌丛,但物种丰富度表现为荩草+牡荆草灌丛>酸枣+牡荆灌丛>侧柏+构树混交林。Sörensen较高值出现在酸枣+牡荆灌丛与侧柏+构树混交林和荩草+牡荆草灌丛之间,侧柏+构树混交林与荩草+牡荆草灌丛Sörensen多样性值较低。研究结果表明,石灰岩山地独特的地貌特征和人工植被恢复对植物群落组成、多样性及其生活型组成产生重要影响。     

Effect of feeding different sources of selenium on growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers

ABSTRACT

1. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different sources of selenium (Se) on breast and liver tissue deposition, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers, measured as Se content in liver and breast tissues and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood, when used in 0–35 d broiler chicken diets.

2. A total of 200 male Ross 308 broilers were used in the feeding trial, which comprised two dietary phases, a starter from 0 to 21 d and finisher from 21 to 35 d of age. Four treatments with 10 replications each were used. A control diet (C) was formulated that was sufficient in protein and energy (230 and 215 g/kg of crude protein and 12.67 and 13.11 MJ/kg of metabolisable energy, respectively), for both phases, but contained background Se only from the feed ingredients. Diet 2 (IS) was supplemented with 10.35 g/t inorganic, elemental source of Se. Diet 3 (SY) was supplemented with 136.36 g/t selenised yeast, an organic source derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diet 4 (SS) was supplemented with 0.666 g/t sodium selenite, an inorganic source.

3. Birds fed the SY diet consumed less and weighed less than those fed IS or C (P < 0.05; 0–35 d of age), but there was no difference compared to birds fed SS diets. There were no differences in FCR or dietary AME between broilers fed different Se sources. All diets containing supplementary Se increased concentrations in the liver and breast muscle, and for GSH-Px levels in blood compared to birds fed the C diet (P < 0.001). Birds fed SY diets had greater Se levels in liver and breast tissues compared to birds fed any of the other diets (P < 0.001).

4. Diets supplemented with Se had variable effects on broiler growth performances and antioxidant status. Feeding Se from a yeast source has higher transfer into breast tissues. Feeding different sources and levels of Se to birds in a more challenging situation to induce oxidative stress may bring more conclusive results.     

施用多功能生态肥对番茄生长和经济效益的影响

为了解决敦煌市蔬菜品质差、产量低而不稳的疑难问题,为温室蔬菜安全生产提供技术支撑,进行了多功能生态肥对番茄生长和效益的研究。结果表明:多功能生态肥原料间的主次效应(R)是:B(番茄专用肥,R=26.92)A(有机生态肥,R=24.29)C(土壤消毒杀菌剂,R=12.55);最佳配方组合是:m(有机生态肥)∶m(番茄专用肥)∶m(土壤消毒杀菌剂)=0.818 6∶0.177 4∶0.004 0。施用多功能生态肥与施用传统化肥比较,番茄早疫病发病率和可滴定酸分别降低66.67%和28.00%;株高、生长速度、茎粗、地上部分鲜质量和地上部分干质量分别增加4.45%、3.81%、7.61%、8.40%和6.67%;单果质量、单株果质量、产量、可溶性糖和VC含量分别增加6.23%、9.26%、8.82%、27.46%和23.65%;施肥利润和肥料投资效率分别增加1.84×10~4元/hm~2和1.23元/元。在甘肃省敦煌市肃州镇的温室土壤上施用多功能生态肥,改善了番茄品质,提高了番茄的经济效益。     

西藏“两江四河”流域生态化造林绿化模式的探讨

生态化造林绿化既是一项生态工程,也是一项社会和经济工程,既强调造林绿化对促进区域自然生态系统向良性循环方向演替的功能,也注重造林绿化对地方经社会发展和满足人们生产生活需求的贡献。依据西藏"两江四河"流域的自然条件和生态状况,从生态化的角度,对区域内造林绿化模式进行了探讨。     

皖南黄肉种鸡种蛋中禽白血病病毒的感染状态检测

本研究首次通过检测种蛋中禽白血病病毒(ALV)评价了皖南黄父母代肉种鸡的ALV感染状态.收集该鸡群的120枚鸡蛋,取40枚鸡蛋孵化至9～11 d后分别制备CEF,培养10 d,取细胞上清用ELISA试剂盒检测ALV p27抗原.另取80枚鸡蛋卵白直接检测p27抗原,同时分别将80枚鸡蛋卵白接种CEF(DF1),培养10 d后取细胞上清检测p27抗原.比较p27阳性检出率的结果表明,受精蛋孵化9～11 d后制备CEF,再培养10 d的细胞上清检出率(10/36)高于直接检测卵白(17/80)与卵白接种CEF(DF1)的细胞上清(7/80).将经DF1培养后p27抗原阳性样品,用针对ALV-J的单抗JE9做IFA,ALV-J的阳性率为6/7.检测该80枚鸡蛋的卵黄抗体,ALV-J、ALV-AB的抗体阳性率分别为18/80、1/80.结果表明,该皖南黄父母代肉种鸡群存在的外源性ALV感染主要为ALV-J.该研究为ALV的净化提供了可行性检测方法.     

基于MaxEnt模型的可可潜在适宜分布研究

根据野外采样和文献查阅,系统整理了可可的地理分布记录,并利用MaxEnt生态位模型和ArcGIS软件对可可的潜在适宜分布范围进行预测。结果表明:北美洲南部、中南美洲北部、非洲西部、亚洲东南部以及太平洋美拉尼西亚群岛地区均是可可的潜在适宜分布区域。其中,中国海南、台湾南部、云南西双版纳、广东雷州半岛也属于可可的适生范围。经ROC(Receiver operating characteristic)曲线分析法验证,MaxEnt模型的AUC(Area under curve)值为0.977,表明预测结果具有较高的可信度。各环境变量重要性的Jacknife检验表明,极端最低温度、年降雨量、年温度变化范围、最暖季降雨量对可可的潜在分布影响最大。