超声对橡木陈酿白兰地促溶工艺的优化

为了优化橡木中单宁类物质的溶出工艺,以50％Vol新蒸馏白兰地为试验原料,采用超声波非热力加工技术,通过单因素试验研究了超声时间、超声功率、橡木添加量、浸泡时间对白兰地中色度、总酚、单宁、pH值、总酸、总酯、感官评价的影响,结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化超声促溶橡木中单宁物质的溶出工艺.结果表明,超声促溶的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间11 min,超声功率180 W,橡木添加量1.20 g/100 mL,浸泡时间20 d,该条件下单宁含量为1319.42 mg/L.     

苹果片变温压差膨化干燥特性与动力学研究

探讨了膨化初始含水率和抽真空干燥温度对苹果片变温压差膨化干燥特性的影响,建立了苹果片变温压差膨化干燥动力学模型。结果表明:苹果片变温压差膨化干燥过程分为加速干燥、恒速干燥和减速干燥3个阶段,干燥过程大部分处于减速干燥;不同干燥条件下的苹果片变温压差膨化干燥满足Page方程;苹果片有效扩散系数在1.52×10-9～8.87×10-9m2/s范围内。所建模型可以预测干燥条件下的苹果片变温压差膨化干燥过程中含水率的变化,特定系数k、n与膨化初始含水率和抽真空干燥温度呈线性关系,相关系数r2分别为0.845、0.997。     

魔芋片对流干燥水分变化规律研究

[目的]探讨魔芋片对流干燥过程中水分变化规律及温度、干燥介质流量对其影响情况。[方法]在不同对流干燥温度下研究魔芋片的水分变化规律,并分析干燥介质流量对魔芋片水分变化的影响。[结果]魔芋片干燥具有明显的恒速期和降速期。在试验温度范围内,干燥介质温度越高、风量越大,魔芋片脱水越快、干燥时间越短。建立了魔芋片在不同温度和通风量下的对流干燥曲线拟合方程：y=ax2＋bx＋c,其中,y为魔芋片干基含水量（g/g）,x为干燥时间（min）,c为魔芋片初含水量（g/g）。[结论]为科学合理地设计魔芋片干燥工艺提供了参考。     

菊花保色技术研究

以黄色菊花为材料,制定了7种保色剂,通过不同的处理方法,筛选出适宜的保色方法结果表明,B剂、C剂、E剂、F剂对菊花市体干花的保色效果均较好,D剂和G剂对花瓣具有一定的软化效果,但保色效果差;保色剂吸水加浸泡处理的保色效果最佳;不同花瓣层次处理中,以中层花瓣的保色效果最佳,其次是外层花瓣,内层花瓣的保色效果最差.可见,以B剂、C剂、E剂、F剂吸水加浸泡处理黄菊均能达到较好的保色效果,其中层花瓣适宜用来制作压花艺术品.     

巨桉人工林木材密度及其变异特性

以巨桉人工林为研究对象,探讨木材基本密度、气干密度和全干密度在株内径向和轴向上的变化趋势、变异特性,并分析各密度之间的相关关系。结果表明：在植株径向上巨桉木材密度基本保持平稳,髓心部分的木材密度相对较小;轴向上0～6 m处,密度随高度的上升呈现下降趋势;由变异系数分析可得,上端木材密度变异程度较小,可以推测随着植株高度的增加,密度的稳定性较好;分析密度之间的相关性,得出气干密度、全干密度与基本密度呈显著的线性相关关系,方程拟合良好,所建模型有效可靠。     

Jellyfish Collagen: A Biocompatible Collagen Source for 3D Scaffold Fabrication and Enhanced Chondrogenicity

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease leading to degeneration of articular cartilage, causing morbidity in approximately 8.5 million of the UK population. As the dense extracellular matrix of articular cartilage is primarily composed of collagen, cartilage repair strategies have exploited the biocompatibility and mechanical strength of bovine and porcine collagen to produce robust scaffolds for procedures such as matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation (MACI). However, mammalian sourced collagens pose safety risks such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and possible transmission of viral vectors. This study characterised a non-mammalian jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) collagen as an alternative, safer source in scaffold production for clinical use. Jellyfish collagen demonstrated comparable scaffold structural properties and stability when compared to mammalian collagen. Jellyfish collagen also displayed comparable immunogenic responses (platelet and leukocyte activation/cell death) and cytokine release profile in comparison to mammalian collagen in vitro. Further histological analysis of jellyfish collagen revealed bovine chondroprogenitor cell invasion and proliferation in the scaffold structures, where the scaffold supported enhanced chondrogenesis in the presence of TGFβ1. This study highlights the potential of jellyfish collagen as a safe and biocompatible biomaterial for both OA repair and further regenerative medicine applications.     

海蜇的药用与食用价值研究进展

综述了海蜇的药用价值、药理作用、营养价值、食品加工和食用方法的研究、利用现状:提出了有待解决的问题和今后研究与资源利用的方向,展望了海蜇食品与医药产业的发展前景.     

Distillers dried grain can be used as a feed ingredient for the growth of freshwater snail (Semisulcospira coreana) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai)

Two feeding experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) as a feed ingredient that partially replaces soybean meal and wheat flour for the growth of juvenile freshwater snail (Semisulcospira coreana) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 g kg^?1 DDG (DDG0), 200 g kg^?1 DDG from rice (diet DDG‐R) and 200 g kg^?1 DDG from rice and wheat flour (diet DDG‐RW). In the first experiment, three replicate groups of the freshwater snails averaging 133.0 ± 2.48 mg were fed one of the experimental diets for 12 weeks. Weight gain of the juvenile freshwater snails was not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, three replicate groups of the juvenile abalones averaging 296.3 ± 1.73 mg were fed one of the three experimental diets for 22 weeks. Weight gain of the abalones was not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid compositions of the whole body in the freshwater snails and soft body in the abalones were not affected by dietary DDG (P > 0.05). The results of the two experiments indicated that DDG can be used as a suitable feed ingredient for partial replacement of soybean meal and wheat flour at a level of 200 g kg^?1 in diets without any adverse effects on the growth performance of freshwater snail and juvenile abalone.     

毛木耳新品种‘申耳2号’

毛木耳新品种‘申耳2号’是由2007年采集于内蒙古赤峰的野生资源经人工驯化育成,属于中高温品种。发菌周期短,抗杂菌能力强,易形成原基,适应性强,每袋产量770 g左右。子实体烘干后正面为深棕色,背部为灰白色,适合制干品销售。     

包装形式和贮藏条件对柠檬冻干片在贮藏过程中色泽变化的影响

[目的]寻求适用于柠檬冻干片的包装材质及其合适的贮藏条件。[方法]以真空冷冻干燥方法加工出的柠檬干片为试材,探讨不同包装形式和不同贮藏条件对柠檬冻干片色泽变化的影响。[结果]贮藏温度、氧气和光照均会令柠檬冻干片产生不同程度的褐变,且贮藏温度对柠檬冻干片的色泽变化影响最大,其次是氧气,再次是光照强度。[结论]选择避光、脱氧包装并于低温条件贮藏更利于柠檬冻干片的色泽保持。