Comparing mating designs to restore seed production of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens (white clover) and Trifolium uniflorum

Interspecific hybrids between Trifolium uniflorum and cultivated white clover (Trifolium repens) have highly useful characteristics for temperate pastoral systems derived from both parent species. However, the early hybrids (F₁ and BC₁) also have unacceptably poor seed production for commerce. This study analysed the basis for the poor seed production and investigated breeding strategies for overcoming the problem. The BC₁F₁ generation produced lower‐than‐expected numbers of heads per plant and seeds per floret. Backcrossing of selected hybrids to white clover corrected these deficiencies and created new variation. Seed numbers were also returned to near target levels by recurrent selection within the BC₁ generation. Thus, it was possible to retain a theoretical average of 25% of T. uniflorum genome and still achieve high seed production per plant. The BC₁F₂ and BC₂F₁ generations produced high seed numbers per plant, along with reasonable variation. Both of these second‐generation hybrid forms have high reproductive potential and should be the focus for the selection of the desired combinations of agronomic and seed production traits.     

蓝粒小麦育种衍生材料染色体的C带检测

本研究应用改良的C-带技术,对供试蓝粒小麦衍生后代11个株系共94个单株进行了分析检测,结果表明:94个单株中有25个单株检测到了长穗偃麦草的4 Ag染色体,导入率为26.60％.本研究结果可为蓝粒小麦育种后代的选育提供理论参考.     

异色瓢虫工厂化繁育技术研究

利用自动化温室大棚,研究了异色瓢虫对不同寄主蚜虫的取食量和不同温度下异色瓢虫产卵情况,结果表明：白菜蚜虫为异色瓢虫最佳饲料,25℃是异色瓢虫最佳产卵温度,利用自动控温大棚可以周年种植白菜,培育白菜蚜虫,实现了异色瓢虫周年工厂化繁育。     

非洲猪瘟疫情下猪育种面临的困境与对策

自2018年8月以来暴发的非洲猪瘟疫情给我国猪育种和生猪生产带来了极大的困扰，育种体系遭受重创。文章综述了非洲猪瘟对我国育种体系的影响、育种工作面临的困境与挑战以及非洲猪瘟形势下猪育种的对策。     

野生稻种质在水稻抗病育种上的研究及应用进展

野生稻是一个重要的基因资源库,包含了水稻各种病害的抗性基因。本文综述了野生稻丰富的抗性资源及其基因的挖掘,以及在水稻育种上的利用研究进展,并对目前存在的突出问题,提出了野生稻种质资源抗病育种的发展建议。     

基于PCA-SVR-ARMA的狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温组合预测模型

为提高狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温预测精度,提出了基于主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)、支持向量回归机(Support Vector Regression,SVR)融合自回归滑动平均(Autoregressive Moving Average,ARMA)模型的狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温组合预测模型。在建模过程中,运用主成分分析法筛选狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温的关键影响因子,消除变量之间冗余信息,约简预测模型结构;采用SVR-ARMA构建狮头鹅禽养殖舍气温组合预测模型,先通过SVR对气温进行预测,再由基于ARMA模型的残差预测值修正气温预测结果。利用该模型对广东省汕尾市2018年7月21日至2018年7月30日期间的狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温进行预测。结果表明,该组合预测模型取得了良好的预测性能,与标准BP神经网络、标准SVR、PCA-BPNN(反向传播神经网络,BackPropagationNeuralNetwork)、PCA-SVR和PCA-BPNN-ARMA等模型对比分析,其评价指标平均绝对误差、均方根误差和平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.183 2℃、0.454 0℃和0.005 9,均表明所提出的组合模型具有更高的预测效果,不仅能够满足狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温实际精准调控的需要,还为狮头鹅健康养殖和种苗繁育环境精细化管理提供决策。     

糯玉米新品种河糯612的选育及高产栽培技术

河糯612是以自交系 HN601作为父本，与自主选择自交系 HN16作为母本，经杂交选育而成的糯玉米杂交种，于2018年5月30日通过广西壮族自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定。河糯612幼苗长势旺盛、整齐，植株穗位、株高较为整齐，果穗均匀、穗长较长，结实好，行排列整齐，行间紧致，出籽率比较高，色泽好。可在广西全区种植。     

Pre-breeding for resistance to Verticillium wilt in olive: Fishing in the wild relative gene pool

This study aimed to identify new sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt in olive. We evaluated various types of genotypes: wild olive trees (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris), genotypes belonging to related subspecie (Olea europaea subsp. guanchica) and genotypes coming from crosses between Picual cultivar and wild olive trees. Fifty-six genotypes were inoculated by dipping roots and then screened under controlled conditions to test their resistance to a highly virulent Defoliating isolate of Verticillium dahliae. Picual (susceptible) and Frantoio (resistant) were control cultivars. Wide variability and significant differences were obtained in the evaluated disease parameters. The Relative Susceptibility Index (RSI), summarizing the disease parameters, was used for final classification of genotypes. Thirteen genotypes were categorized as resistant: eight wild olives from different locations, two genotypes belonging to subsp. guanchica populations from Canary Islands and three genotypes obtained from one of the crosses Picual x wild. The identification of high levels of resistance to V. dahliae among wild olive genotypes may be helpful for the management of this disease. The resistant genotypes could be used as rootstocks for susceptible olive cultivars or parents in future breeding programs.     

常利率通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型

考虑常利率及通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型,运用鞅方法得到破产概率满足的Lundberg不等式和一般公式,当保费和索赔服从指数分布和混合指数分布时,得到破产概率的精确表达式。     

Improved Cold and Drought Tolerance of Doubled Haploid Maize Plants Selected for Resistance to Prooxidant tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide

To improve the abiotic stress tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.), doubled haploid (DH) plants were produced by in vitro selection of microspores exposed to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH) as a powerful prooxidant This study investigated the tolerance of the progenies of t‐BuOOH‐selected DH lines to oxidative stress, cold and drought in controlled environment pot experiments by analyses of photosynthetic electron transport and CO₂ assimilation processes, chlorophyll bleaching and lipid peroxidation of leaves. Our results demonstrated that the t‐BuOOH‐selected DH plants exhibited enhanced tolerance not only to oxidative stress‐induced by t‐BuOOH but also to cold and drought stresses. In addition, they showed elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S‐transferase when compared with the DH lines derived from microspores that were not exposed to t‐BuOOH and to the original hybrid plants. The results suggest that the simultaneous up‐regulation of several antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the oxidative and cold stress tolerance of the t‐BuOOH‐selected DH lines, and that the in vitro microspore selection represents a potential way to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize.