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71.
Comparison of the Sensitivity of Landscape-fire-succession Models to Variation in Terrain, Fuel Pattern, Climate and Weather 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Geoffrey J. Cary Robert E. Keane Robert H. Gardner Sandra Lavorel Mike D. Flannigan Ian D. Davies Chao Li James M. Lenihan T. Scott Rupp Florent Mouillot 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(1):121-137
The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of modelled area burned to environmental factors across a range of
independently-developed landscape-fire-succession models. The sensitivity of area burned to variation in four factors, namely
terrain (flat, undulating and mountainous), fuel pattern (finely and coarsely clumped), climate (observed, warmer & wetter,
and warmer & drier) and weather (year-to-year variability) was determined for four existing landscape-fire-succession models
(EMBYR, FIRESCAPE, LANDSUM and SEM-LAND) and a new model implemented in the LAMOS modelling shell (LAMOS(DS)). Sensitivity
was measured as the variance in area burned explained by each of the four factors, and all of the interactions amongst them,
in a standard generalised linear modelling analysis. Modelled area burned was most sensitive to climate and variation in weather,
with four models sensitive to each of these factors and three models sensitive to their interaction. Models generally exhibited
a trend of increasing area burned from observed, through warmer and wetter, to warmer and drier climates with a 23-fold increase
in area burned, on average, from the observed to the warmer, drier climate. Area burned was sensitive to terrain for FIRESCAPE
and fuel pattern for EMBYR. These results demonstrate that the models are generally more sensitive to variation in climate
and weather as compared with terrain complexity and fuel pattern, although the sensitivity to these latter factors in a small
number of models demonstrates the importance of representing key processes. The models that represented fire ignition and
spread in a relatively complex fashion were more sensitive to changes in all four factors because they explicitly simulate
the processes that link these factors to area burned.
The US Government's and the Canadian Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license is acknowledged 相似文献
72.
土霉素注射液在猪体内药代动力学比较 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
对长效土霉素注射液进行了猪体内药代动力学的比较研究。试验将三种产品(A、B、C)分别一次肌肉注射猪3头,剂量20mg/kg。结果表明,消除半衰期以产品B最长,血药峰浓度以产品B最高,达到峰浓度时间以产品A最慢,药时曲线下面积以产品B最大,24小时血药浓度以产品B最高,48小时血药浓度以产品C最低。以血浆土霉素浓度0.5μg/ml为最小有效浓度,产品A和B能够维持有效血药浓度24小时,产品C仅能够维持有效血药浓度12小时。 相似文献
73.
重组质粒pP18PH3上含有SINPV的部分蛋白激酶基因。SINPV部分的蛋白激酶氨基酸序列与HaN-PV、HzNPV、SpliNPV、AfNPV、AcNPV、LdNPV蛋白激酶的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为45%、89%、37%、44%、38%和37%,其上含有蛋白激酶特征序列IVHANDVKLENVL。 相似文献
74.
尾叶桉、细叶桉、赤桉、粗皮桉、巨桉(简称桉树类,下同)和马占相思、粗果相思及薄果相思(简称相思类,下同)等8个树种,在水土严重流失的贫瘠丘陵地经7年的生长试验,结果表明:除巨桉和细叶桉在该立地生长较缓慢外,其余6个树种生长快,产量较高。尤其是尾叶桉和马占相思,7年生胸径年均生长量在1.0cm以上,单位面积生物量(地上部分鲜重,下同)为52.69t/hm2和43.67t/hm2。不同树种的生长比较:桉树类树种(除巨桉外)4年生以前胸径、树高和生物量生长均比相思类树种生长快,4年后相思类树种逐渐赶上或超过桉树类树种。性状生长高峰期分别为:胸径桉树类为2年生(细叶桉1年生)、相思类为3~4年生,树高桉树和相思类均为1年生,生物量桉树类为2~3年生、相思类为4~6年生。 相似文献
75.
《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(2):252-266
Due to their high emission potential, the reporting of CO2 emissions from peatlands requires exact emission factors for different land use categories. Recently used emission factors are mainly based on CO2 flux measurements by chamber techniques or the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method. However, evidence about the reliability and comparability of annual CO2 balances based on these methods is scarce. Therefore, manual chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were conducted for two years (March 2012–April 2014) to model annual balances of two sites on fen soils with different land use intensity in northern Germany: an unutilized and rewetted grassland (UG) and an intensively utilized wet grassland (GW). Simultaneously, EC measurements of NEE were conducted on the sites. Two reasons for occasionally great deviations in NEE between the methods could be observed: (1) the accordance of both methods was most hampered during transition periods such as the beginning of the growing season and the onset of regrowth after a grassland defoliation due to different spatial scales of EC and chamber measurements and (2) RECO and gross primary production (GPP) partitioned from EC NEE measurements were systematically lower than those from the chamber‐based model, which could be a result of the EC energy balance gap. Differences were more pronounced for the managed site GW as a result of more frequent regrowth periods. It is concluded that the EC and chamber method can show comparable results for the CO2 exchange of grasslands on fen soils when the limitations of both methods are known and considered for the reporting of emission factors. These limitations are due to energy balance closure and potentially biased footprints for EC and a restricted representativeness especially during early stages of plant development for the chamber method. 相似文献
76.
77.
在青海省乐都县养殖基地选择了有代表性的两种日光暖棚羊舍,对其主要内环境指标进行了对比。结果表明,半拱式塑料覆膜暖棚羊舍内的温度、湿度、CO2和NH3浓度均高于双列式玻璃钢瓦暖棚羊舍。两种类型日光暖棚羊舍各有利弊。 相似文献
78.
郭金霞 《农业机械化与电气化》2008,(5)
焊工工艺学是培养学生全面掌握中级电焊工工艺技术理论知识的专业课程,其涵盖面广,学生学习吃力,教学难度较大。为使学生全面、彻底地掌握焊工工艺学课程的内容,运用比较教学法授课,收到较好的效果。 相似文献
79.
对“永林公司”经营区9种森林经营模式林分结构比较研究,结果表明:应用Weibull分布、正态分布、对数正态分布、贝塔分布、伽玛分布等方法,对9种不同经营模式下的林分直径分布进行拟合,贝塔分布拟合效果较为理想,说明由于受到了人为的干扰破坏,林分结构发生了显著的变化.林分总体混交度均小于0.8,林分结构的均匀程度要优于整齐程度,在样地中封禁保护模式、集约经营模式的均匀度已经十分接近5,也就是接近一般均匀林的程度. 相似文献
80.
一代与二代人促闽粤栲林分特征对比评价 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
同一地林块8年生一代和6年生二代人促闽粤栲林分群落学特征及测树学特征对比评价结果表明:两代林分群落结构相近;二代林分乔木层物种多样性指数、均匀度比一代林分略大;二代林分生产力较一代林分的低,但仍保持较高的生产力. 相似文献