大中小型拖拉机压实对土壤坚实度和大豆产量的影响

探讨农业机械压实对土壤坚实度和产量的影响规律，对改善作物生产环境、促进农业机械化向质量型转变具有重要意义。以东北典型黑土区耕地土壤为研究对象，依照随机区组试验原理，选择大、中、小3种型号拖拉机进行6种压实处理，同型拖拉机相同压实次数试验重复3次，采用PV6.08型贯穿阻力仪测量压实轮辙截面土壤坚实度。试验结果表明：土壤坚实度随压实次数增加而逐渐递增，3种拖拉机压实测试截面浅层均出现明显压实核，且压实核内土壤坚实度随压实次数增加而逐渐增大，CASE-210型拖拉机压实对表层土壤坚实度影响程度和范围最大，压实12次时压实核处土壤坚实度达4.0 MPa，JD-280型拖拉机对深层土壤压实影响程度和范围最大，在65~80 cm的土壤深层坚实度的峰值达3.2 MPa；拖拉机压实均导致大豆产量降低，CASE-210、JD-904和JD-280拖拉机压实12次时大豆产量分别降低了21.24%、18.15%和12.38%。     

联合收获机单神经元PID导航控制器设计与试验

针对联合收获机在田间直线跟踪作业中在维持高割幅率条件下易产生漏割的问题,设计了一种基于单神经元PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation)的联合收获机导航控制器。以轮式联合收获机为平台,通过对原有液压转向机构进行电控液压改装,搭载相关传感器构建了导航硬件系统。开展了常规PID控制和单神经元PID控制的仿真以及实地对比试验,仿真结果表明单神经元PID控制具有超调小和进入稳态快等特点;路面试验表明,当收获机速度为0.7 m/s时,单神经元PID控制最大跟踪偏差为6.10 cm,平均绝对偏差为1.21 cm;田间试验表明,收获机速度为0.7 m/s时,单神经元PID控制田间收获最大跟踪偏差为8.14 cm,平均绝对偏差为3.20 cm。试验表明所设计的联合收获机导航控制器能够满足自动导航收获作业要求,为收获作业自动导航提供了技术参考。     

景泰绿洲3种小谷物的产草量与牧草营养成分预测

为了预测景泰绿洲春小麦(Triticum aestivum)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、黑麦(Secale cereale)的产草量和营养品质,通过田间试验,测得牧产草量、株高和分蘖,室内测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分和可溶性碳水化合物,分析各指标之间的相关性。结果表明,收获干草的3种小谷物分蘖和株高均与可溶性碳水化合物之外其它5个营养指标存在显著相关性(P0.05),模拟轮牧的春小麦和黑麦株高与营养指标均无相关性(P0.05),燕麦和黑麦的分蘖与6个营养指标均呈显著相关(P0.05)。建立了根据株高预测产草量和营养品质的模型、用分蘖预测牧草营养品质的模型、用产草量预测牧草营养品质的模型、用分蘖和产草量两个因子综合预测营养品质的模型。经过与实测值对比,各预测模型的准确性均较高。     

论影响麻花钻切削因素之间的关系

学生搞不清楚麻花钻刃磨时几何角度之间的关系,导致麻花钻头的刃磨失败,最终使学生形成了麻花钻内容太难,麻花钻刃磨起来太麻烦的结论。用图示、口诀配合文字讲解的方式讲解标准麻花钻切削部分之间的关系,学生易于接受。     

Optimising cutting method and timing for the control of Abutilon theophrasti seed production

Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) is a widespread and problematic annual weed. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different cutting methods on the viability of A. theophrasti seeds. Three cutting methods were assessed: (1) Entire plant cut and dried (EPD)—plants were cut at soil level and dried with capsules attached on the greenhouse bench or soil surface for 4 weeks; (2) capsules detached and dried (CD)—capsules were removed from plants and dried for 4 weeks; and (3) capsules detached and tested while fresh (CF)—a control treatment. Before drying, the developmental stage (stage one, dark green; stage two, light green; stage three, yellowish-green; or stage four, black with the slightly open capsule) and age (days after flowering, DAF) of each capsule was recorded. Seed viability was measured immediately in the CF treatment and after the 4-week drying period in the EPD and CD treatments. No seeds in the EPD and CD treatments were viable when harvested at the first developmental stage (1–8 DAF) in either experiment, but 100% of seeds in the CF treatment in the field were viable when harvested at 8 DAF. In both greenhouse and field experiments, seeds attained full viability at earlier harvest ages in CF than in EPD or CD treatments, suggesting that seeds might become viable relatively early in development but lose viability if allowed to dry. These findings could be applied to optimise late-season mechanical control of A. theophrasti.     

Experimental Investigation on Chip-break Influenced by Cryogenical Cold Air jet

In machine cutting, the replacement of traditionalKGcutting solution with cryogenical cold air jet not only possesses a good cooling and lubricating efficiency, but also can avoid the occurrenceof environmental pollution. In order to clarify the manner and performance of discharged cutting chip under cryogenical cold air jet condition, an experiment was carried out for steel grade 45 in the dry and cryogenical cold air jet cutting comparatively. The effects of cryogenical cold air jet on the breaking of cutting chip are discussed. Experimental results reveal that, in the valid ranges of pressure and temperature, the cryogenical cold air jet can widen the chip broken region effectively. Different insufflating angle of cold air behaves different influence on the chip-break. From the experiment, it has been gained that the optimized jet insufflatingangle, temperature effecting range and pressure working range of cold air, which provides the foundation of industrial manufacturing.     

Asymmetric Exhaustive Service Polling System with Bernoulli Feedback

This paper studies asymmetric exhaustive service polling system with Bernoulli feedback,gives the distributions of queue lengths and sojoun times,and obtains some other results,in stationary condition.     

A Study on the Mathematical Models for Two Dimensional Guillotine Cullting-stock

Based on the analysis and study on some existed models for two-dimensional Guillotine Cutting-Stock problem, it is pointed out that some kinds of the models may miss some good cutting patterns,and some may result in inadequate solutions because of only considering the patterns with the smallest waste. A kind of revised two-dimensional cutting-stock models are developed,which transform the two-dimensional problem into the one-dimensional one using the dimension-decreasing heuristic method and whose initial patterns are considered comprehensively. In this kind of models, not only the least waste,but also the other constraints,such as the demands and the relative area of the order plates are considered.     

Two-dimensional Optimum Cutting Stock Method Based on Internet and Its Implementing Technique

Two dimensional Optimum Cutting Stock is a NP complicated problem. Each of optimum software gets the cutting results by using proximate and heuristic methods. But different optimum methods and their optimum software may not realize perfect effect according to certain data framework. Furthermore, enterprises can not buy lots of optimum software to choose the most optimized plan. Because of such problems, this paper provides a two dimensional optimum cutting stock method based on Internet and offers the real implementing technique of such method. The experiments, show that this method promotes the general optimum effect of two dimensional optimum cutting stock greatly.     

A Study on the Practical Algorithm for One Dimensional Equal Stock Cutting Problem

Based on alalysing the mathematical models for one dimensional equal stock cutting problem,a knapsack column generation algorithm has been constructed,which is a successive approximate algorithm for the practical engineering.In the end of this paper,some computational examples have been presented,which show that the convergence and optimum results of the algorithm are quite good.