Comparison of fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fed on high roughage diet

The objective of this study was to compare the fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (crossbred cattle) and crossbred water buffalo at the same young age and fed with high roughage based fattening rations in the Philippines. Ten crossbred cattle and 10 crossbred water buffalo, aged between 18 and 24 months old were used in this experiment. The animals were fed diets consisting of 85% Napier or Para grass and 15% concentrate mixture (CM) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The grass, total DM intake and bodyweight gain were significantly (P < 0.01) higher for the crossbred water buffalo than for the cattle. There was no species significant difference in the digestion coefficient and feed conversion rate between the crossbred cattle and water buffalo. The return over feed cost for fattening was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the crossbred water buffalo than in the cattle. These results clearly indicate that under high roughage‐based fattening rations, young crossbred water buffalo are better able to utilize the roughage and they perform better in terms of feed intake and live weight gains than the crossbred cattle in the Philippines.     

沙葱提取物对杜寒杂交羊肌肉脂代谢相关基因表达及甲基化的影响

本试验旨在研究沙葱提取物对杜寒杂交羊肌肉脂代谢相关基因表达及甲基化的影响。采用单因素完全随机设计,选取60只体重(35～40 kg)相近、4.5月龄的杜寒杂交母羊,随机分为4组,每组15只。对照组(T1组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中每只分别添加沙葱粉(10.0 g/d,T2组)、沙葱水溶性提取物(3.2 g/d,T3组)、沙葱脂溶性提取物(2.8 g/d,T4组)。预试期为15 d,正试期为60 d。正试期结束后,每组随机选取3只羊屠宰,采集背最长肌样品。采用目的区域甲基化水平测序(二代测序)检测乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α(ACACA)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)、固醇调节元件结合转录因子1(SREBF1)基因转录起始位点上游2K至第一外显子下游1K区域内胞嘧啶-磷酸-鸟嘌呤(CpG)岛甲基化水平,实时荧光定量PCR法测定其基因相对表达量。结果表明:1)试验第1～30天,T2组干物质采食量显著低于其他3组(P <0.05)。2)与T1组相比,T2组、T3组、T4组ACACA、SCD基因相对表达量均有不同程度的提高,其中T3组>T2组>T4组>T1组。T3组ACACA、SCD、SREBF1基因相对表达量均显著高于T1组(P <0. 05),T2组ACACA基因相对表达量显著高于T1组(P <0. 05),T3组ACACA、SREBF1基因相对表达量显著高于T4组(P<0.05)。3) ACACA、SCD、SREBF1基因各CpG岛及位点均呈现高度去甲基化状态,且各组间CpG岛的平均甲基化水平差异不显著(P> 0.05)。ACACA、SCD、SREBF1的基因表达与CpG岛甲基化水平不相关(P>0.05)。综上所述,沙葱及其提取物可以上调杜寒杂交羊背最长肌ACACA、SCD、SREBF1的基因表达,饲粮添加沙葱水溶性提取物的上调幅度最大,沙葱粉次之,沙葱脂溶性提取物最小,且这种上调与特定区域的DNA甲基化修饰无关。     

促进兰花组培苗生长的墨兰菌根真菌研究初报

墨兰根部分离得到4株真菌,将菌丝制成菌剂后施入春兰和大花蕙兰杂交组培苗的根部。8个月后,其中1株木霉属真菌对苗的生长产生了明显的促进效果。      

安杂一代被毛产绒特性研究

研究了安哥拉山羊与陕北土种山羊杂交一代(F     

Congenital syringohydromyelia in a crossbred (Holstein-Friesian × Japanese Black) beef calf

A 5-day-old male crossbred beef calf presented with a well-coordinated bilateral hopping gait of the hind limbs. Postmortem CT showed a poorly defined oval-shaped region at the L3–L4 spinal segments, which had high signal intensity on T2 weighted postmortem MRI images. On pathological examination, we identified a large cystic cavity filled with a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid on the cut surface of the spinal region. Histopathological examination revealed that the spinal cord parenchyma was compressed by the cystic structure, and the cystic cavity was lined with a thin layer of discrete ependymal cells, indicating syringohydromyelia. This is the first reported case of a Holstein-Friesian × Japanese Black crossbred calf with solitary syringohydromyelia. Our findings suggest that myelodysplasia with cystic cavities can be suspected by CT, without the need for MRI.     

两种杂交组合猪肉品质比较

【目的】比较杜洛克公猪与藏香母猪的二元杂交组合猪(简称杜藏猪,DZ)和杜耳母猪(杜洛克公猪与小耳花母猪的后代)与藏香公猪的三元杂交组合猪(简称藏杜耳猪,ZDE)的肉品质差异。【方法】于10月龄,禁食12 h后,分别挑选8头(公母各半)进行屠宰取样,测定其胴体品质和肉质性状以及肌肉中肌内脂肪、肌苷酸、脂肪酸和氨基酸的含量。【结果】(1)DZ猪和ZDE猪的胴体品质无显著差异。(2)与ZDE猪相比,DZ猪肌肉的pH_(45 min)值显著提高了4.19%;而L*_(24 h)值和剪切力分别显著降低了6.26%和17.61%。(3)与ZDE猪相比,DZ猪肌肉中肌内脂肪和肌苷酸的含量分别显著提高了121.59%和40.88%。(4)与ZDE猪相比,DZ猪肌肉中亚麻酸和二十碳二烯酸含量分别显著降低了21.05%和33.33%;而二十碳烯酸显著提高了33.71%。(5)与ZDE猪相比,DZ猪肌肉中蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸的含量分别显著提高了58.71%、45.94%、176.94%、36.87%和48.02%,且DZ猪肌肉中总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和总非必需氨基酸的含量分别显著提高了22.65%、16.78%和24.51%。【结论】杜洛克公猪与藏香母猪的二元杂交组合猪具有更优的肉品质和营养价值。     

Evaluation of animal models to explore the influence of maternal genetic and maternal permanent environment effect on reproductive performance of Jersey crossbred cattle

The present study was conducted on 1,002 reproductive records of 430 Jersey crossbred cattle, descended from 57 sires and 198 dams, maintained at the Eastern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India to investigate the influence of direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effect on three most important reproductive traits viz., number of service per conception (NSPC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) of Jersey crossbred cattle. Six single-trait animal models (including or excluding maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects) were fitted to analyse these traits, and the best model was chosen after testing the significant increase in the log-likelihood values when additional parameters were added in the model. Direct heritability estimates for NSPC, DO and CI from the best model were 0.10, 0.14 and 0.20, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental (c²) effects on reproductive traits accounted for almost negligible fraction of the total phenotypic variance in this study. The maternal genetic effects (m²) also contributed very little (0%–3%) to the total phenotypic variance except for CI where it was important and accounted for 20% of phenotypic variance. A significantly large negative genetic correlation was observed between direct and maternal genetic effects for all traits, suggesting the presence of antagonistic relationship between dam's direct additive component and daughter's additive genetic component. Results suggest that both direct and maternal effects were important only for CI but not for other traits. Therefore, both direct additive effects and maternal genetic effect need to be considered for improving this trait by selection.     

日粮精粗比对思南杂交肉牛体尺性状和血液常规指标的影响

为研究日粮不同精粗比对思南杂交肉牛体尺性状与血液生化指标的影响，试验选择体重相近的12头思南杂交肉牛随机分为A、B、C、D共4个组，每组3个重复，每个重复1头牛，A、B、C、D组精粗比分别为3：7、4：6、5：5、6：4。结果表明：（1）提高思南杂交肉牛日粮精粗比可以促进体高、体斜长、胸围和管围的增长，并且各组后60天各项体尺性状指标增长的平均值高于前60天，除管围外其余各指标总增长以精粗比5：5时最高|（2）试验结束时，D组红细胞数量较A组高18.28%（P ＜ 0.05），较B组高13.61%，较C组高7.2%（P > 0.05），血红蛋白含量高于正常范围，其余血常规指标各组之间差异均不显著。综上，思南杂交肉牛肥育前期精粗比以5：5为宜，后期可根据体尺发育情况提高精粗比至6：4，适宜的精粗比会促进红细胞和血红蛋白含量的增加，满足机体组织细胞代谢的需要，发挥肉牛的增重潜力。 [关键词] 精粗比|杂交肉牛|体尺性状指标|血液常规指标     

天水市应用夏洛莱进行三元杂交改良效果

[目的]为观测天水市应用夏洛莱进行肉牛三元杂交的改良效果。[方法]在项目区选定30头试验牛,跟踪测定试验牛5个阶段的7项生长性能指标,分析得出监测均值,与项目试验均值进行显著性分析。[结果]试验牛5个阶段的7项生长性能指标监测均值与项目试验均值差异均不显著(P0.05)。[结论]应用夏洛莱进行肉牛三元杂交改良,在天水市目前饲养管理条件下,实际改良效果与试验效果相符,"以夏洛莱为主进行肉牛三元杂交"的肉牛改良方向是成功的,可全面推广。     

蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响

本试验旨在研究蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响。选取48头21月龄左右的鲁西阉黄牛[体重(459.6±10.3)kg],按照体重随机分为4组,每组12头牛,分别分配至3个围栏中进行饲养,每个围栏4头牛。4组试验牛饲喂4种不同的饲粮,分别为SFC0、SFC33、SFC67、SFC100,代表饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代粉碎玉米的比例分别为0、33%、67%和100%,饲粮中玉米含量为35.85%。试验期共180 d,分为2个阶段,第1阶段共84 d,包括14 d的预试期和70 d的正试期,试验结束后对生长性能进行测定;第2阶段共96 d,对肉牛进行育肥,试验结束后对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分进行测定。结果显示:SFC100组的平均日增重(ADG)较SFC67、SFC33和SFC0组分别提高了14.95%、25.77%和38.20%,且SFC100、SFC67和SFC0组之间具有显著差异(P0.05);同时,与SFC0组相比,SFC33、SFC67和SFC100组的料重比分别降低了7.73%、17.01%和25.34%,且各组之间均存在显著差异(P0.05)。除SFC100组的眼肌面积显著大于SFC0组(P0.05)外,蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米未对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分产生显著影响(P0.05)。此外,随着饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例的增加,肉牛的终末体重、ADG、眼肌面积和大理石花纹等级呈线性增加(P0.05),而料重比和屠宰率则呈线性降低(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中使用蒸汽压片玉米全部替代粉碎玉米可以在不影响屠宰性能和肉品质的基础上,显著提高鲁西阉黄牛的ADG和饲料转化效率,并在一定程度上能够提高优质牛肉切块的质量等级。