Comparison of whole blood and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in healthy dogs

Objective – To determine the difference between colloid osmotic pressure (COP) values determined from plasma versus those determined from whole blood. Design – Prospective observational study. Settings – University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Fifty‐three healthy dogs. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Whole blood and plasma COP, CBC, plasma biochemistry. In all dogs, plasma COP values were significantly lower (P=0.02) than whole blood COP, with a mean of difference of 0.5 mm Hg. The mean and median whole blood COP was 21.75 and 21.4 mm Hg, respectively, with a range of 17.9–27.1 mm Hg. The mean and median plasma COP was 21.2 and 20.9 mm Hg with a range of 16.7–28.9 mm Hg. Conclusions – While significant difference exists between plasma and whole blood COP, the individual values are within expected reference intervals for dogs (21–25 mm Hg). Using either sample appears to provide the same information in clinically healthy dog; however, it is recommended that clinicians utilize the same sample type for comparison in an individual patient.     

铁皮石斛组培苗耐盐性研究

以铁皮石斛为外植体诱导出愈伤组织后,分别接种到不同盐浓度的愈伤增殖、茎叶分化和生根3种培养基中进行耐盐性筛选,30 d后进行脯氨酸含量测定。结果表明:在培养基中,NaCl浓度在0.2%～1.0%范围内,对铁皮石斛的愈伤增殖、茎叶分化和生根均产生抑制作用,并且盐浓度越高,脯氨酸含量也随之升高,抑制作用越大。盐浓度达0.6%时,愈伤诱导受害明显,脯氨酸含量是对照组的3.60倍;盐浓度高于0.5%时,盐胁迫对不定根和茎叶分化诱导更显著。     

近40a新疆阿拉尔垦区初终霜日及无霜期的变化特征

根据阿拉尔气象站1961-2000年日平均气温资料,求其逐年初终霜日及无霜期持续天数,用最小二乘法分析时间序列变化特征及趋势。结果表明：近40a新疆阿拉尔垦区初霜日提前,终霜日推后,无霜期持续天数以0.359d/10a的不显著趋势减少;初终霜日及无霜期持续天数年际差异不明显,变化相对稳定。结论：鉴于无霜期持续天数缩短,...     

霍林河流域洪水径流演变规律及驱动机制研究

霍林河是松嫩平原西部地区科尔沁、向海和查干湖湿地的重要补给水源,其洪泛作用对流域洪泛区环境系统的景观维系起着决定作用。选取流域3个代表测站近50年来的年最大洪峰流量序列,分析流域洪水径流演变的规律及驱动机制,包括自然和人为干扰两方面,可以为流域防洪减灾及洪水资源化利用提供理论依据。霍林河洪水以雨洪型为主,洪水多发于降雨...     

HACCP在芦柑浓缩汁生产中的应用

本文介绍了危害分析关键控制点(HACCP)的原理及其在芦柑浓缩汁生产中的具体应用,确立了芦柑浓缩汁的关键控制点及临界参数和纠正措施。     

兰州地区常用冷地型草坪草绿期观测试验

本研究是在草坪草引种栽培的基础上,对兰州地区常用的7个来源19个品种(种)24份材料的冷地型草坪草的绿期进行了定位观测。结果为:1.供试草种在兰州地区的绿期均长于暖地型草坪草的中华结缕草和野牛草,其中最长的是亘巴斯草地早熟禾,绿期为289 d,最短的是普通翦股颖(自产),绿期为218 d。2、供试草种间绿期差异较大,绿期最长的亘巴斯草地早熟未与绿期最短的普通翦股颖相差71d。     

大气CO2浓度的升高、施氮及土壤水分对春小麦干物质积累和氮吸收的影响

Spring wheat (Thiticum aestivum L.cv.Dingxi No.8654) was treated with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (350 and 700 μmol mol^-1),two levels of soil moisture (well-watered and drought) and five rates of nitrogen fertilizer(0,50,100,150,and 200 mg kg^-1 soil) to study the atmospheric CO2 concentration effect on dry matter accumulation and N uptake of spring wheat.The effects of CO2 enrichment of the shoot and total mass depended largely on soil nitrogen level,and the shoot and total mass increased significantly in the moderate to high N treatments but did not increase significantly in the low N treatment.Enriched CO2 concentration did not increase more shoot and total mass in the drought treatment than in the well-watered treatment.Thus,elevated CO2 did not ameliorate the depressive effects of drought and nitrogen stress.In addition,root mass decreased slightly and root/shoot ratio decreased significantly due to CO2 enrichment in no N treatment under well-watered condition.Enriched CO2 decreased shoot N content and shoot and total N uptake;but it reduced root N content and uptake slightly.Shoot critical N concentration was lower for spring wheat grown at 700 μmol mol^-1 CO2 than at 350μmol mol^-1 CO2 in both well-watered and drought treatments. The critical N concentrations were 16 and 19 g kg^-1 for the well-watered treatment and drought treatment at elevated CO2 and 21 and 26 g kg^-1 at ambient CO2,respectively. The reductions in the movement of nutrients to the plant roots through mass flow due to the enhancement in WUE (water use efficiency) and the increase in N use efficiency at elevated CO2 could elucidate the reduction of shoot and root N concentrations.     

Estimating the impact of air pollution on environmentally valuable sites

Concern about the environmental effect of air pollution on areas of high conservation value in the UK has prompted the statutory agencies to initiate an investigation on these areas. For this, critical loads maps have been used together with predicted air pollution data, monitored air pollution data and remotely sensed land cover information within a geographic information system (GIS). Additional information on designated Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for England and Wales have also been incorporated. This provides the framework for examining potential impacts to these sites under various current and future scenarios. The approach allows for the investigation of the impacts of individual point sources as well as complete national scenarios. Preliminary results are provided from analysis of a single pollutant (sulphur). These indicate that nationally up to 52% of the area of SSSI's (5000 km²) are at risk from soil acidification. Using this approach it has been possible to apportion the load on any SSSI, thereby enabling the ecological impacts of each point source to be identified. This information can then be used to assess priorities for regulatory controls.     

冻融对土壤分离能力及侵蚀阻力的影响

冻融后坡面为水力侵蚀产沙提供了大量有效物质源,是河道泥沙的主要策源地。该研究利用室内模拟冻融和径流冲刷试验,设置不同冻融循环次数、坡度和流量梯度,分析冻融对土壤分离能力及侵蚀阻力的影响机制。结果表明,冻融条件下,坡度、流量和冻融循环次数均对土壤分离能力有显著影响(P0.05),贡献率分别为17.94%、19.96%和18.43%。冻融前后,土壤分离能力基本均随坡度和流量的增加而增大,冻融后的均值(5.28±2.48g/(cm~2·min))显著大于冻融前(2.39±1.71 g/(cm~2·min)),但冻融后的增幅明显小于冻融前。不同坡度和流量条件下,冻融1次后,土壤分离能力均显著增大(P0.05),但其随冻融循环次数增加的变化趋势差异较大,只有在坡度与流量同时较小(10°和≤18L/min)或较大(15°和≥18L/min)时,呈显著增大趋势。冻融循环1、5、10次后,土壤细沟可蚀性分别增大1.25、1.66和1.72倍,随冻融次数的增加逐渐趋于稳定;土壤临界剪切力冻融后显著降低,与冻融次数无明显关系。冻融后土壤平均容重、水稳性团聚体和抗剪强度分别降低了6.61%、24.77%和21.35%,土壤孔隙度和三相结构指数变化与之相反。冻融条件下,土壤细沟可蚀性与水稳性团聚体和抗剪强度呈显著负相关关系,而与孔隙度呈显著正相关关系。