Effects of delmadinone acetate on pituitary-adrenal function, glucose tolerance and growth hormone in male dogs

Objective To characterise the effects of delmadinone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis, glucose tolerance and growth hormone concentration in normal male dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Design A prospective study involving nine normal male dogs and seven with prostatic hyperplasia.
Procedure Delmadinone acetate was administered to six normal male dogs and seven dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia at recommended dose rates (1.5 mg/kg subcuta-neously at 0, 1 and 4 weeks). Three normal controls received saline at the same intervals. Blood concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin and growth hormone were measured over 50 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance and ACTH response tests were performed before and after treatment in the nine normal animals.
Results A substantial suppression of basal and 2 h post-ACTH plasma cortisol secretion was demonstrated after one dose in all dogs given delmadinone acetate. Individual responses after the second and third administration varied between recovery in adrenal responsiveness to continued suppression. Plasma ACTH concentration was also diminished after one treatment. No effects were evident on glucose tolerance or serum growth hormone concentrations.
Conclusion Delmadinone acetate causes adrenal suppression from inhibition of release of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Treated dogs may be at risk of developing signs of glucocorticoid insufficiency if subjected to stressful events during or after therapy. Neither glucose intolerance nor hyper-somatotropism seems likely in male dogs given delmadinone acetate at the recommended dose rate, but the potential for excessive growth hormone secretion in treated bitches remains undetermined.     

培养液中铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度与CuZn-SOD活性的影响

在 PK15细胞无血清液体培养基中添加 0、7.8、15 .6、31.2、6 2 .5 μmol/L Cu,观察了培养液中不同铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度和 Cu Zn- SOD活性的影响及二者的相关性。结果表明 ,PK15细胞内铜离子浓度及 Cu Zn-SOD活性均随培养液中添加铜离子浓度升高和培养时间的延长而有不同程度的升高 ,其中以添加 Cu31.2 μmol/L组最高 (P<0 .0 5 )。PK15细胞内 Cu Zn- SOD活性与细胞内铜离子浓度和培养时间呈强正相关 (培养时间 :r=0 .873～0 .980 ,P<0 .0 5 ;铜离子浓度 :r=0 .90 0～ 0 .972 ,P<0 .0 5 )     

乙酸浓度对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯含量及瘦素和过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ基因表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究乙酸浓度对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯(TAG)含量及瘦素(leptin)和过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因表达量的影响。将传至第3代的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞以适宜的密度培养48 h后,随机分为6个处理,各处理分别采用乙酸浓度为0(对照组)、4、6、8、10和12 mmol/L的培养液。置于37℃5%CO2培养箱继续培养48 h。收集细胞,观测脂滴形成状况,测定TAG含量及leptin和PPARγ基因表达量。结果表明:随乙酸浓度的增加,培养的奶牛脂肪前体细胞脂滴形成增多;随乙酸浓度的增加,TAG含量和PPARγ基因表达量均呈显著的线性或二次曲线增加(P<0.05),且以乙酸浓度为10和12 mmol/L时效果较好;一定浓度的乙酸可上调leptin基因表达量,尤以浓度为8、10 mmol/L时上调作用较好。结果提示,乙酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞内脂滴的形成、TAG的积累、leptin和PPARγ基因的表达有显著的促进作用。本试验条件下,乙酸浓度为10～12 mmol/L时能较好地促进PPARγ基因的表达,浓度为8～10 mmol/L时能较好地促进leptin基因的表达。     

Liver biopsy techniques for adult horses and neonatal foals to assess copper status

Objective To evaluate standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals, as techniques for obtaining tissue for assessment of copper status. The techniques were evaluated with respect to ease of use and effect on the animal.
Procedure Twenty of 24 Thoroughbred mares and 21 of their foals were biopsied. The animals were part of a larger study of the effect of copper supplementation on copper status and the prevalence of developmental orthopaedic disease. Livers were also collected from unrelated horses and sampled to investigate the variability in the distribution of copper in liver tissue.
Result The biopsy technique caused no lasting effect on the mares, but there was an increased risk of viscus penetration associated with taking multiple biopsy cores. The use of ultrasonography to scan the target area for the liver identified four cases that were not appropriate candidates for liver biopsy, because of large intestine being located in the biopsy area. In the foals there were no serious postoperative adverse effects, nor was there any evidence of problems caused by the procedure when the abdomen was examined post-mortem at 5 months of age. In livers collected to investigate the variability of copper concentration, copper appeared to be relatively evenly distributed through the liver.
Conclusion Standing, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, transthoracic liver biopsy in mares, and transabdominal, laparoscopically-guided, liver biopsy under general anaesthesia in foals are convenient procedures for obtaining liver tissue for assessing copper status in horses. The use of ultrasound to identify liver tissue is recommended, especially in older mares.     

松针叶绿素与脂溶性复合物的提取

采用置换反应将松针中含镁叶绿素转变成水溶性叶绿素铜钠，用低浓度乙醇浸提并分离脂溶性部分，得到叶绿素铜钠速淀粉，其１％水溶液ｐＨ值为８－９，６００倍稀释呈翠绿色，产品获得率为松针干粉的８％－１０％，同时获得脂溶性复合物，其主要成分为ＶＥ。     

Fixation Property of Copper Triazole Wood Preservatives

According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were tested and compared in this paper.And the fixation rates of tebuconazole(TEB) and propiconazole(PPZ) in several formulations,such as copper azole,emulsified type and solvent type,were also compared.The determination of copper content in the leachate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrom...     

铜在鲤体内的蓄积及毒性的研究

采用半静态法将鲤(Cyprinus carpio)暴露于不同浓度的铜溶液中,研究了铜在鱼体中的吸收富集及毒性。结果表明:铜在鲤肝、肾、鳃和肌肉中的积累量均随着铜浓度的升高而增加。鲤各部位对铜的蓄积能力依次是肝、肾、鳃、肌肉,且肝、肾中铜的积累量明显高于鳃和肌肉,鲤对铜具有较强的蓄积毒性。中毒鱼体色变黑,生长受到抑制,临死前出现神经症状;鳃小片上皮增生、变性、坏死;肝细胞和肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性、溶解性坏死。     

日粮缺锌对猪血液生理生化指标及组织锌,铜含量的影响

用Ｃａ∶Ｚｎ为６０∶１、３３０∶１和５１６∶１的３种日粮分别饲喂３组仔猪１２０ｄ，对试验猪的临床症状和部分血液生理生化指标的变化进行了动态观察，并测定了试验猪１２种组织的锌、铜含量。结果表明，血液白细胞数和血清碱性磷酸酶，试验Ｂ组（Ｃａ∶Ｚｎ为５１６∶１）与对照组（Ｃａ∶Ｚｎ为６０∶１）之间有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；试验Ａ、Ｂ组猪（Ｃａ∶Ｚｎ为３３０∶１和５１６∶１）被毛锌含量、肝锌含量和肝铜锌比极显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标对于仔猪缺锌的早期诊断具有重要的诊断价值。     

高铜对雏鸭肝氧化状态及肝细胞凋亡的影响

将360只1日龄天府肉鸭随机分为6组，分别以对照日粮（Cu8mg／kg）和高铜日粮（Ⅰ组：Cu100mg／kg；Ⅱ组：Cu200mg／kg；Ⅲ组：Cu400mg／kg；Ⅳ组：Cu600mg／kg；Ⅴ组：Cu800mg／kg）饲喂6周，研究日粮铜水平对雏鸭肝氧化状态及肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示，与对照组比较，Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组肝铜锌SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性降低（P〈50．01），Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组羟自由基和丙二醛含量显著升高（P〈0．01），Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组肝铜锌SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性升高（P〈0．01）。高铜组肝细胞凋亡率随日粮铜水平的升高而增加。表明，日粮铜水平为400mg／kg以上时可引起肝抗氧化功能降低和肝细胞凋亡率升高。     

铜锌对华北落叶松多酚氧化酶活性的影响

以华北落叶松3年生幼苗为试验材料,对不同生育期4种处理(对照、锌、铜、铜 锌)下各器官(叶、枝、干、主根、侧根)多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性进行测定分析,结果表明:华北落叶松幼苗各器官内多酚氧化酶活性差异极为显著,干中PPO活性在3月达225.2 U·g-1,而叶中PPO活性在5月仅为57.3 U·g-1.叶子中PPO活性呈递增变化趋势,10月最高,枝、干、主根、侧根的PPO活性在年循环周期内呈规律性变化,7月均达高峰期.铜、锌对各器官内PPO活性有明显的影响,而且与生育期有关.铜对PPO活性的增强作用达显著水平,尤以枝最为突出,10月份铜处理后枝中PPO活性比对照提高95.1%;锌对主根PPO活性的提高也有较明显影响,对其他器官PPO活性有不同程度的抑制作用.10月份锌处理后干中PPO活性比对照下降35.5%;铜、锌互作对干和主根PPO活性的提高表现出较大的协同作用.华北落叶松幼苗体内铜元素含量与PPO活性呈显著的正相关,铜、锌元素通过影响PPO活性而影响幼苗的生长及抗寒性.