农业生产作物优化组合模型

讨论干旱地区农业生产中的喷灌问题，提出了喷灌条件下农作物种植的经济一数学模型。该模型能帮助人们做出最合理的农作物组合选择，使干旱地区的水资源和土地资源得到充分利用，保证获得最好收成。文章将此称作“收成规划工艺”。文章所讨论的经济-数学模型对中国西部地区的节水农业生产有一定的借鉴意义。     

Performance of thermomechanical wood fibers in polypropylene composites

ABSTRACT

Thermomechanical wood fibers, as usually used for medium density fiberboard or cardboard production, feature promising characteristics, like a high aspect ratio, for the utilization in thermoplastic composites. The present study investigates the influence of fiber loading and fiber geometry on the mechanical properties of wood-polypropylene composites in order to confirm the results that were found in a previously published literature review. Composites were compounded at fiber contents from 20 to 60 wt.%, using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to test specimens. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was carried out to evaluate the fracture morphology of the composites. Fiber length was evaluated using an applying a dynamic image analysis system. Compounding reduced fiber lengths up to 97%. The mechanical properties decreased with increasing fiber content for composites without a coupling agent. Strength properties peaking at a fiber content of 50?wt.% for composites containing MAPP. Tensile strength and flexural strength reached 48.1 and 76.4 MPa, respectively. However, it was found that the processing of these fibers into conventional compounding equipment is still challenging.     

新型笼目海带风味果冻的加工工艺研究

以日本笼目海带为原料进行笼目海带风味果冻加工工艺探究。通过单因素及正交试验确定海带汁的最佳脱腥工艺和复配胶比。研究结果表明,最优脱腥工艺为:绿茶添加量0.15%,脱腥时间25 min,温度90℃;最佳复配胶比例为:卡拉胶∶魔芋胶∶琼脂=10∶2∶1。采用正交试验获得笼目海带风味果冻加工优化工艺为:以20%笼目海带汁为底物,复配胶添加量1.3%(卡拉胶、魔芋胶、琼脂),KCl 0.06%,白砂糖3.0%,浓缩果汁(苹果、橘子)添加量10.0%,pH 4.0。制作的笼目海带果冻色泽均匀,酸甜适中,风味独特,符合国家果冻食品卫生要求(GB 19299-2015)。     

基于样品复配的奶牛场粪水近红外光谱氮磷速测模型构建

为提高样品代表性,构建近红外光谱的理想校正模型,实现对奶牛场粪水氮磷含量的速测,本研究基于粪水运移过程代表性暴露位点的原始样品,按照不同比例进行样品复配,填补现场不易采集到的"黑箱"位点样品,运用偏最小二乘法构建了基于最优光谱预处理方法的原样模型、复配模型和融合模型。结果表明:相比原始样品,原样+复配样品总氮、总磷的变异系数分别降低了0.103、0.107,提升了浓度分布均匀性,丰富了粪水光谱信息。相比原样模型,融合模型总氮和总磷的决定系数(R²_pred)分别提升了0.049和0.061,相对分析误差(RPD)分别提升了1.547和0.176。相比复配模型,融合模型总氮和总磷的R²_pred分别提升了0.026和0.022,RPD分别提升了0.470和0.052。验证结果表明,总氮和总磷模型的R²_pred分别为0.903和0.878、RPD分别为2.916和2.508。研究表明,样品复配的方法可有效提高校正集样品的代表性,提升模型预测性能,为还田前粪水养分的快速定量提供技术支撑。