A comparison of the incidence of tuberculosis in forty-six town supply herds in the manawatu district in 1950–51 and 1951–52

Extract

The forty-six herds concerned were tuberculintested in 1950–51 under the provisions of the appropriate section of the Stock Amendment Act, 1945. The same herds were retested in the season 1951–52 at an interval of approximately one year from the date of the first test.     

公英翘芦散治疗亚临床型奶牛乳房炎的效果研究

本研究旨在初步考察公英翘芦散对亚临床奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗效果。试验选取78头发病牛，其中38头牛为散发，用公英翘芦散治疗；40头牛集中对比治疗，随机分成2组，每组20头，分别用公英翘芦散和公英散进行治疗。用加州乳房炎检验（California mastitis trial，CMT）法检测公英翘芦散治疗后乳区患病状态并判定其治疗效果；用体细胞计数（somatic cell count，SCC）法检测公英翘芦散和公英散治疗后牛奶体细胞数并判定其治疗效果。结果显示，公英翘芦散给药7 d后，患病乳区由75个减少到28个，治疗效果非常显著，治愈率达到62.67%，有效率达到90.67%。与治疗前相比，公英翘芦散和公英散用药1 d后体细胞数均极显著降低（P<0.01），且公英翘芦散组SCC下降幅度明显超过公英散组。公英翘芦散组在给药2 d后体细胞数显著低于公英散组（P<0.05），给药3 d之后均极显著低于公英散组（P<0.01）。用药7 d后，公英翘芦散组治愈率可达68.29%，而公英散组治愈率只达到20.00%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；公英翘芦散组有效率可达97.56%，而公英散组有效率为67.50%，差异极显著（P<0.01），说明公英翘芦散的治疗效果极显著优于公英散（P<0.01）。以上结果说明，公英翘芦散可以作为治疗亚临床奶牛乳房炎的有效药物，为奶牛乳房炎药物的开发提供参考。     

Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrient Composition of Cocoyam Grown in an Organically Fertilized Soil

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate the influence of cow dung and rice husk application rates on soil chemical properties and nutrient composition of cocoyam cormels. The treatments comprised four rates each of cow dung and rice husk (0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha) arranged as a factorial experiment using randomized complete block design with three replicates. The treatments were incorporated into the soil 2 weeks before planting of cocoyam each year. After 2 years of cropping, soil samples were collected from the respective plots and analyzed so also cocoyam cormels. Cow dung application positively and significantly (P < .05) affected soil pH, organic matter (OM), and the soil nutrients (r = 0.95, 0.98, and 0.94–1.00, respectively) while rice husk application significantly and positively influenced soil OM, nitrogen and phosphorus (r = 0.98, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively). Aside potassium content that was enhanced, cow dung application did not significantly affect the nutrient composition of the cocoyam cormels. However, 30 t/ha of applied rice husk caused significant reduction in crude protein and fiber contents but significant increase in carbohydrate. There was negative and significant correlation between rice husk and the cormels crude protein (r = ?0.97). A total of 20 t/ha each of the organic fertilizers was found to be optimum for improving soil fertility and invariably yield without compromising the nutrient content of the cocoyam cormels.     

我国畜禽粪便处理利用现状及展望

随着农业结构调整和农业产业化的推进,以及规模化、集约化畜禽养殖业的迅猛发展,其规模由小到大,范围由点到面,但由于畜禽养殖业管理薄弱和农业与养殖业脱节,致使大量畜禽粪便与污染物随意排放和流失,破坏了生态环境.为此,介绍了畜禽粪便的处理方法和资源化技术,并根据我国现状提出了畜禽粪便处理利用的发展方向.     

An Abattoir Survey on the Frequency of Fatty Liver Syndrome in Dairy Cows from the Suburbs of Tehran

One hundred and six Holstein and Holstein x native cows were inspected before and after slaughter, and liver samples were taken. The fat content of all the liver samples was estimated by an extraction method (Soxhlet). The livers of 29 cows (27%) were classified as fatty. Seventeen of the animals were newly calved, 47 were non-pregnant, 33 were pregnant and 9 were dry, the median values for the fat content of their livers being 60.6, 34.4, 34.7 and 33.8 mg/g, respectively. The median concentration of liver fat in the first group was significantly different from that in each of the other groups (p < 0.01).     

Management of calving in Norwegian cubicle-housed dairy herds.

Sixty of the 65 dairy farms with cubicle houses in the Norwegian county of Oppland were included in a field study of the management of calving in 1990. The farmers recorded the location of the cow when giving birth, farmer presence and whether assistance was given during calving, occurrence of suckling, and time after birth when cow and calf were separated. Such data were recorded for a total of 1125 calvings. About 10% occurred on pasture, while 78% of the remaining calvings took place in the cubicle-equipped section. Thirteen percent calved in a calving pen, the remaining cows being tethered at the time of calving. Thirty-two percent of the calvings took place in houses lacking a calving pen altogether. Farmers were present during 41% of the calvings. Suckling most frequently occurred after pasture calvings, and was least frequent after calvings within the cubicle-equipped section of the cowhouse. Injuries to the calf caused by trampling or contact with fittings etc. were rare, and no more common in association with calving in the cubicle-equipped section than with calving taking place with the cow isolated from the rest of the herd. All calves were removed from their dams within 24 h after birth.     

奶牛乳腺炎诊断方法研究进展

奶牛乳腺炎的诊断方法有很多,临床乳腺炎可根据临床症状进行诊断,用于隐性乳腺炎的诊断方法有乳汁细胞学检查、乳汁的细菌培养、电导率测定、pH值的检查、乳清电泳诊断法、酶检测法、PCR检测方法、被毛微量元素检验法以及其它衍生方法.本文对奶牛乳房炎诊断研究进展作了系统的介绍.     

可发酵碳水化合物减少猪场臭气的机理和应用

可发酵碳水化合物,添加在猪日粮中到达后肠作为微生物发酵的底物,通过改变猪肠道和粪便中的微生物及其发酵过程,改变粪尿的理化特性,来减少氨的挥发以及臭气的产生.本文对臭气和除臭方法进行了简单的介绍,并综述了通过在猪日粮中添加可发酵碳水化合物来控制猪场臭气的机理和应用效果.     

铬对泌乳期奶牛的生产性能和主要生理指标的影响

研究了泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬或赖氨酸铬对其生产性能和血液主要生理指标的影响。选择75头泌乳前期（〈80d）的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组A、B和对照组C。试验组A和B每天日粮中分别补充吡啶羧酸铬和赖氨酸铬，供试期间对照组C不添加有机铬。结果表明：铬可提高泌乳期奶牛的生产性能，增强和改善泌乳奶牛的免疫力和应激状态。试验组A和试验组B泌乳量高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组B血清中的甘油三酯的浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．05）；试验组A血清中胰岛素浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中葡萄糖浓度都高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中皮质醇的浓度分别比对照组C低7．21nmol／L和4．92nmol／L，试验组A和试验组B血清中IgG的浓度分别比对照组C高2．1g／L和3．1g／L。