三种鲤对暴发性鱼病抗病力的差异

本文报道三种鲤对嗜水气单胞菌引起暴发性鱼病的抗病力试验结果。当菌液浓度为６．０×１０￣８ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ，采用１０￣０、１０￣（－１）、１０￣（－２）、１０￣（－３）四个稀释度、０．３ｍｌ／尾注射剂量时，建鲤、野鲤和镜鲤的半数致死量（ＬＤ＿（５０））分别为１０￣（－１．３７５）、１０￣（－０．９７６）、１０￣（－０．５６２）。这三种鲤的半数致死量差异显著（Ｆ＞Ｆ＿（０．０５））。从四个方面研究了抗病机理：白细胞吞噬功能和补体替代途径（Ｃ＿３旁路）杀菌能力，镜鲤较强于野鲤和建鲤，但无显著差异（Ｆ＜Ｆ０．０５）；红细胞Ｃ＿（３ｂ）受体花环率和补体总量（单位／ｍｌ），是建鲤＞野鲤＞镜鲤，差异极显著（Ｆ＞Ｆ０．０１）。本研究结果还表明建鲤的红细胞Ｃ＿（３ｂ）受体花环率和补体总量稍高，但对暴发性鱼病病原（嗜水气单胞菌）较易感染。以上结果证明，不同品系鲤鱼对暴发性鱼病有种内特异性。     

船体网箱饲养的鲤鱼水霉病发病条件及防治药物筛选

本文研究了水霉病的发病条件，病原分离和防治药物，结果表明：水霉病主要发生在１￣４月份，水温和机械损伤是水霉病发生的主要条件，孔雀石绿对水霉菌抑菌，杀菌效果最佳，其安全浓度为０．１３ｐｐｍ。生产中与甲醛，敌百虫和食盐结合使用，效果更佳。     

鲤鱼脱脂方法的研究

分别采用水漂洗、有机溶剂浸提、脂肪酶酶解的方法对鲤鱼鱼肉进行脱脂。试验结果表明,水漂洗法中,清水漂洗效果最优;有机溶剂浸提法中,异丙醇脱脂效果最佳,并对其采用正交试验方案对异丙醇脱脂工艺进行优化,得到最佳试验条件是:脱水时间30 m in,脱脂时间110 m in,温度为75℃,溶剂添加量为50 g;脂肪酶脱脂试验得出最佳条件是加酶量40 U/m l,酶作用时间50 m in。3种方法中,脂肪酶脱脂效果最佳。     

不同给药方式下培氟沙星在鲤体内的药代动力学研究

在水温为18℃下,按10 mg/kg（体质量）对体质量为（200±30）g的福瑞鲤Cyprinus carpio单次肌肉注射和混饲口灌培氟沙星,于不同时间点采集鲤血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏组织,经超高液相色谱法测定各组织中培氟沙星的浓度,并采用DAS 3.0药物代谢动力学软件的非房室模型统计矩方法分析药时数据。结果表明：混饲口灌给药和肌注给药后,培氟沙星的药时曲线下面积（ AUC）分别为88.35、139.9 mg·h/L,达峰浓度（ Cmax ）分别为2.092、3.687 mg/L,达峰时间（ Tmax ）分别为4.0、0.5 h,消除半衰期（ t1/2）分别为22.301、74.357 h,表观分布容积（ Vd ）分别为5.464、15.342 L/kg,总体清除率（ CL ）分别为0.170、0.143 L·kg/h。研究表明,肌肉注射给药较混饲口灌达峰时间短,达峰浓度高,半衰期长,生物利用度高。     

覆盖和粮草间作对作物氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

为了减少普通地膜和氮肥的投入,实现该地区农业生态良性循环和土壤的可持续利用,在甘肃武威试验站采用完全随机裂区设计,研究了不同种植模式（玉米单作、玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆）和覆盖方式（普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖）对玉米和绿肥作物氮素吸收以及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：覆盖和间作对作物的氮素吸收利用具有显著促进作用。玉米收获期,与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的玉米植株吸氮量分别增加21.46%,11.22%和34.63%,与玉米单作相比,玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆的玉米吸氮量分别增加6.94%和6.26%。玉米收获期,秸秆覆盖的牧草植株吸氮量较普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和无覆盖分别增加46.75%,72.31%和21.76%,间作毛苕子的吸氮量较间作箭筈豌豆增加25.26%。玉米收获期,各处理玉米带、牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量均低于牧草收获期,无论牧草收获期还是玉米收获期,单作玉米的玉米带、裸露带土壤硝态氮累积量均低于间作玉米。玉米收获期,普通地膜覆盖和生物可降解地膜覆盖的玉米带0~140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较无覆盖分别显著增加32.87%和27.82%,普通地膜覆盖的牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖分别增加9.17%、6.07%和35.45%。     

Growth testing of two breeds of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (Hungarian mirror and Třeboň scaly carp), in ponds with low and high stocking density

The growth of two breeds of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was tested in ponds under the climatic conditions of South Bohemia. T?eboň scaly carp (TR) and Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were kept in both low and high stocking densities during the second growing season and then stocked together for communal testing during the third growing season. Before the communal testing, the mean initial weights of fish from low‐ and high‐density stocks differed significantly (374.1 vs. 227.7 g for the TR breed and 766.7 vs. 317.3 g for the M2 breed respectively, P<0.01). After communal testing, mean weights of fish from low‐ and high‐density stocks gained 761.8 vs. 543.8 g for the TR breed and 1339.7 vs. 706.7 g for the M2 breed respectively. These observed weights were also significantly different (P<0.01). However, the test of corrected weight gain, i.e. gain not related to the initial weight of fish, revealed insignificant differences (P>0.01) between the weight gains after correction, i.e. the effect of different initial weights was successfully eliminated. These results seem to confirm the applicability of this method for the assessment of growth of purebred common carp under the climatic conditions of Central European fish farms.     

棉酚对鲤鱼急性中毒的研究

鲤鱼（体重约16克）腹腔注射乙酸棉酚0，7．3，54，100，200，400mg/kg体重，经四天（96小时）后，死亡率分别是0，0，20％，70％，90％，100％。96小时半数致死剂量是63．6mg/kg体重。注射剂量高于54mg/kg体重时，发生腹腔红肿、体壁溃烂，甚至死亡。实验结果说明虽然棉籽水平的棉酚不引起鲤鱼的任何可见的中毒症状，但是腹腔注射大剂量棉酚可引起与哺乳类相似的中毒症状。     

Binding characteristics of the Zn-binding membrane protein from common carp

ABSTRACT:    This study incorporated the 43 kDa Zn-binding membrane protein isolated from common carp into liposome. The specificity and strength of the binding of ⁶⁵Zn to the 43 kDa protein-liposomes, and the binding of the ⁶⁵Zn-labeled 43 kDa protein-liposomes to laminin were studied. It was found that ⁶⁵Zn was bound to the external side of the 43 kDa protein-liposomes. Specific binding of ⁶⁵Zn to the protein-liposomes was detected. The binding parameter of Zn to the protein was found to be: maximum binding site (N_max), 76.7 pmole/µg protein (approx. 3 mole of Zn²⁺/mole); and equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), 0.19 µM. Of the cations introduced (Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺,Co²⁺, Cr²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Hg²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺), only Co²⁺ competed significantly with Zn. The protein-liposomes were also found to bind specifically to laminin with a N_max of 1.1 pmole/µg laminin, and Kd of 4.79 µM. No significant protein-liposome binding occurred to other extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, fibrinogen or vitronectin). Furthermore, the binding was specifically inhibited by the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide or GRGDSPG, while two other analogs (GRGESPG and GRADSPG) were without effect.