未来东北管网输量下降后的结蜡预测及分析

根据东北管网原油输量下降后管网的结蜡情况,制定未来东北管网安全经济运行方案,利用东北管网大庆原油结蜡规律的研究成果,对东北管网未来的结蜡情况进行了预测和分析,得到了有价值的结论.     

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of cuticular wax isolated from Asian pear fruit (cv. Pingguoli)

In order to understand the cuticular wax properties of Asian pear fruits (cv. Pingguoli), a series of assays was conducted on extraction, fractionation and determination of composition. The results showed that the maximum yield of wax from the fruit was obtained by chloroform/methanol (3:1), and then by chloroform extraction. Polar and low polar fractions occupied 64.3% and 26.9% of total crude wax by column chromatography. 54 and 22 components were identified in polar and low polar fractions by GC/MS, respectively. Long-chain fatty acids and triterpenoids predominated in polar fraction and n-alkanes were predominant in low polar fraction. In vitro tests indicated that polar fraction, low polar fraction and total crude wax inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, which is a causal agent of Alternaria rot of pears, and the maximum inhibition was obtained by polar fraction. These findings indicated that n-alkanes in low polar fraction and triterpenoids, fatty acid in polar fraction might have contributed to the antifungal properties of pear fruit cuticular waxes.     

磷肥对白蜡生长量的影响

以乔木白蜡为试验品种,通过对不同时期土壤和植物叶片取样的养分检测及对植物生长量的监测,探讨不同施肥处理,特别是施用磷肥对白蜡生长量的影响。结果表明:合理使用有机肥和无机肥,特别是磷肥的合理使用,增加了植物对氮肥的吸收,促进了土壤氮素释放。说明了磷肥在白蜡生长过程中所起的重要作用,打破了园林苗木生长过程中主要以氮肥为主要肥料施用的观念,阐述了磷肥在白蜡生长过程中对其生长量所产生的显著影响。     

Wax matters: absence of very‐long‐chain aldehydes from the leaf cuticular wax of the glossy11 mutant of maize compromises the prepenetration processes of Blumeria graminis

Conidial germination and differentiation, the so‐called prepenetration processes, of the barley powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) are triggered in vitro by very‐long‐chain aldehydes, minor constituents of barley leaf wax. However, until now it has not been demonstrated that these cuticle‐derived molecules also play a significant role in the initiation and promotion of the fungal prepenetration processes in vivo, on the surface of a living plant leaf. In the maize (Zea mays) wax mutant glossy11, which is completely devoid of cuticular very‐long‐chain aldehydes, germination and appressorial differentiation of B. graminis were strongly impeded. Spraying the mutant leaf surface with aldehyde‐containing wild‐type wax or pure n‐hexacosanal (C₂₆‐aldehyde) fully restored fungal prepenetration, whereas maize wild‐type leaf surfaces coated with n‐docosanoic acid exhibited reduced conidial germination rates of 23%, and only 5% of the conidia differentiated infection structures. In vitro studies were performed to further corroborate the extensive prevention of fungal germination and differentiation in response to artificial surfaces coated with aldehyde‐deficient maize wax. Because of its phenotype affecting the B. graminis prepenetration processes, the glossy11 mutation of maize may become a valuable molecular target and genetic tool that could provide a means of developing basal powdery mildew resistance in the globally important crops wheat and barley.     

芒果不同品种果实的显微结构与品质的关系初探

采用紫花芒、桂香芒、红象牙和印度1号芒果的果实,通过扫描电子显微镜观察,发现果实皮孔少,开口小,蜡质密度大的紫花芒果实耐贮藏。分泌腔多的桂香芒和印度1号果实芳香味浓。果肉薄壁细胞中淀粉粒增多,果实愈趋近成热。薄壁细胞中淀粉粒多的桂香芒,果实后熟后含糖量高。     

In-House Composting of Layer Manure in a High-Rise,Tunnel-Ventilated Commercial Layer House During an Egg Production Cycle

In-house composting has the potential to improve the viability of the high-rise house for commercial egg production by producing a value-added product from the manure without requiring a separate composting facility. The feasibility of in-house composting depends in part on having the ability to handle the manure mass that accumulates over an extended period. This field study showed that in-house composting is possible for the length of an egg production cycle. Beginning with windrows of a carbon source, fresh pine sawdust or shredded yard waste, upon which manure fell from the cage rows above, compost volume grew rapidly in the first few weeks, but slowed after composting activity peaked, as indicated by compost temperatures. In cold weather, when ventilation rates were low, compost remixing temporarily produced high ammonia levels in the house, but ammonia levels at other times were comparable to or lower than those in an undisturbed house. The final compost was friable and nutrient-rich, although the handling quality of the yard waste compost was reduced by persistence of elongated woody pieces of the original carbon source. The ability to access the manure storage area of a high-rise house over a cycle of production gives potential to deliver manure amendments to improve nitrogen retention in the compost, which would have the effect of improving its fertilizer value and reducing ammonia emission from the house.     

原油输送管道内涂层防结蜡问题研究

管道内涂层可以减少原油中的蜡在管壁上的沉积量,利用自行设计的原油动态结蜡模拟装置,对比研究了不同涂层的防蜡率,以及在不同搅拌转速和不同的油温及壁温下管壁内涂层对防蜡率的影响。结果表明,涂层的防蜡率随着时间的增长有下降的趋势;搅拌速度越大,防蜡效果越好;壁温和油温对防蜡效果影响不大。     

Comparison of the API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF Identification Systems for Differentiating Bacterial Isolates from Apparently Healthy Reared Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The ability of two commercial rapid identification systems, API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF, to reliably identify bacterial isolates from the internal organs of reared sea bass were compared. The tests gave different results: API 20E identified bacteria as Pseudomonas spp. with 37% accuracy, while BBL Crystal E/NF identified them as Flavobacterium odoratum with 99% accuracy. Although F. odoratum is not a marine fish pathogen, conventional tests conducted with the same isolates were more indicative of them being Flavobacterium spp. than Pseudomonas spp., suggesting that BBL Crystal E/NF was more reliable in this identification. Both systems were found to be applicable for diagnostics of marine fish pathogens, but should be used with caution because of possible misinterpretation.     

无机肥与有机肥配施对烟株农艺性状及烟叶产质量的影响

为了解无机肥与商品牛粪配施对烟叶产质量的影响,采用田间试验方法,研究了商品牛粪与无机肥配合施用对烤烟植株农艺性状及烟叶产值量的影响。结果表明:商品牛粪与无机肥不同用量配合施用对烟株农艺性状的影响不明显,无机肥750kg/hm2+商品牛粪2 250kg/hm2能获得较好的经济效益,无机肥750kg/hm2+商品牛粪1 500kg/hm2对上部烟叶化学品质有一定的改善作用。烤烟大田生产中施用无机肥750kg/hm2配施商品牛粪1 500～2 250kg/hm2有利于提高烟叶的产质量和经济效益。