黄海北部大连沿岸虾夷扇贝天然苗采集技术研究

在调查了2005、2006年黄海北部大连海域虾夷扇贝的繁殖期、浮游幼虫的时空分布的基础上,对虾夷扇贝海区天然采苗进行了研究。结果表明,2005、2006年该区域的獐子岛海域、大长山岛海域、广鹿岛海域养殖的虾夷扇贝的繁殖期在4月初至5月上旬,盛期在4月15～25日。4月上旬至6月中旬,在此区域均可发现大量的虾夷扇贝浮游面盘幼虫,不同区域浮游幼虫密度变化很大。5月底至6月初是面盘幼虫集中的附着变态时期,在海区投放附着袋可进行虾夷扇贝天然苗的采集。从各海区虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫的拖网调查和采苗结果看,在虾夷扇贝主要养殖区獐子岛、大长山岛海域和广鹿岛海域,浮游幼虫在浮游的初始阶段能够形成较高的密度,但在附着阶段密度极低,不能采集到大量苗种,但在远离虾夷扇贝养殖区的大李家湾和凌水湾,浮游幼虫的出现比养殖区晚,在幼虫附着期能达到较高密度。能够采集到大量天然苗种。2005年在凌水湾的采苗数量达526±131个/袋(壳长0.6～1 mm),2006年在大李家湾的采苗数量达673±200个/袋(壳长0.6～1mm)。     

气象因子对黄淮海区粒收玉米子粒灌浆与脱水特性的影响

以宜子粒收获玉米品种“浚单1668”为材料,2018～2020年在鹤壁开展子粒灌浆试验,分析子粒灌浆及脱水特性,探讨粒重、子粒灌浆参数和子粒脱水速率与气象因子之间的关系,揭示宜子粒收获玉米产量形成机制。结果表明,不同年份间玉米子粒产量、百粒重和收获时含水率差异显著。玉米产量的差异主要由粒重引起,粒重与灌浆速率显著正相关,与灌浆时间相关性不显著;日照时数和有效积温是影响灌浆速率和粒重的主要气象因子,日照时数和日温差是影响脱水速率的主要气象因子。结果还表明,子粒收获玉米浚单1668吐丝后积温达到769.1～905.0℃·d时,玉米子粒生理成熟,生理成熟时子粒含水量20.67%～25.33%。黄淮海区域玉米生产过程中,通过适时早播,增加吐丝后日照时数和有效积温,玉米获得最大粒重和产量的同时,可有效降低子粒收获时含水量。     

岳麓秦简《为狱等状四种》新见的一枚漏简与案例六的编联

岳麓秦简《为狱等状四种》新见的一枚漏简解析了案例六《暨过误失坐官案》的结构。这个案例中的“八劾”含有对其的两遍描述：第一遍比较具体的;第二遍比较简略的。新见简J15位于案例六的开头,包含对第一、二劾的具体描述。因此,整理者原来所建议的简序应当稍微修正为：J15-缺简-096-097-095-098-099-100。     

基于TD-SCDMA的猪产品质量溯源应用示范系统

以商品猪散养农户模式为研究对象,根据猪产品溯源投入品（包括疫苗、兽药、饲料）及监督检测信息的特点,提出了投入品及监督监测信息的元数据、事件集成、数据传输接口规范,在Windows Mobile 6.5平台上开发完成了基于TD-SCDMA的猪产品质量溯源应用示范系统,实现了溯源耳标佩戴与注销,以及疫苗、兽药、饲料等溯源投入品信息及盐酸特伦特罗、磺胺类药物等监测信息的采集,并在溯源数据中心实现实时投入品事件及监测事件的整合集成。猪产品质量溯源应用示范系统已经在天津市示范应用,信息采集处理简单、方便、实用,在有TD-SCDMA信号的地区示范运行良好,能够满足猪产品溯源应用示范系统信息采集和及时查询的需要。     

The use of historical collections to estimate population trends: A case study using Swedish longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Long term data to estimate population trends among species are generally lacking. However, Natural History Collections (NHCs) can provide such information, but may suffer from biases due to varying sampling effort. To analyze population trends and range-abundance dynamics of Swedish longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), we used collections of 108 species stretching over 100 years. We controlled for varying sampling effort by using the total number of database records as a reference for non-red-listed species. Because the general frequency of red-listed species increased over time, a separate estimate of sampling effort was used for that group. We observed large interspecific variation in population changes, from declines of 60% to several hundred percent increases. Most species showed stable or increasing ranges, whereas few seemed to decline in range. Among increasing species, rare species seemed to expand their range more than common species did, but this pattern was not observed in declining species. Historically, rare species did not seem to be at larger risk of local extinction, and population declines were mostly due to lower population density and not loss of sub-populations. We also evaluated the species’ declines under IUCN red-list criterion A, and four currently not red-listed species meet the suggested threshold for Near Threatened (NT). The results also suggested that species’ declines may be overlooked if estimated only from changes in species range.     

How well does a botanical garden collection of a rare palm capture the genetic variation in a wild population?

Conservation is increasingly central to the botanic garden mission. Living plant collections are important components of conservation. Critical evaluation of living conservation collections with population genetic analysis can directly inform ex situ conservation strategy. Here, we quantify the degree of genetic variation captured through a population-based collection protocol, and explore optimal sampling for ex situ conservation. An extensive living collection derived from one population of Leucothrinax morrisii (Arecaceae) provided a model system. We compared 58 specimens from the ex situ collection with 100 individuals from throughout the parent population via 6 ISSR loci. Random bootstrapped resamples of the data were made to model differently structured ex situ collections. Mean diversity (He) differed little between the collection (0.204) and the population (0.216), and genetic distance (D) was very close (0.036). Very few private alleles were found between the collection and the population. Allelic capture, as measured by percent of private alleles, was greater than 94%. Resampled collections of different sizes captured from 48% to 94% of alleles. Pairwise comparison of bootstrapped resamples suggests that increasing the representation of half-sibling groups does not significantly increase allele capture. Increase in allele capture with increasing sample size is greatest at low resample sizes, and showed diminishing returns as resample size increased. No appreciable increase in allele capture was gained through maintaining different half-sibling groups. These data inform sampling for ex situ conservation purposes, and recommend sample sizes of at least 15 individuals, with the upper limit based on resources.     

广东省农作物种质资源调查与分析

【目的】为了解和摸清广东省农作物种质资源家底，广东省 2016 年启动第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动。【方法】2016 年 7 月至 2018 年 12 月，通过普查征集与系统调查收集相结合，对广东省 92个农业县（市、区）进行实地访问和资源调查收集。【结果】（1）本次资源普查与收集涉及 19 个地级市，东西跨度约 770 km，南北跨度约 590 km，横跨粤西、粤东、粤北和珠三角地区 687 个镇（包括街道、乡、村委），实现了广东农业县（市、区）全覆盖。（2）广东省农作物种质资源在当地种植年代平均为 45 年，百年以上资源占 8.9%；提供资源农户的平均年龄为 56 岁，2.72% 农户为瑶族、壮族和畲族。（3）共收获资源 6 873 份，收集粮食作物种质资源 2 288 份、果树 1 445 份、蔬菜 2 189 份、经济作物 766 份、牧草绿肥 3 份、其他 182 份，涉及 83 科 192 属 283 种；粮食作物的食用豆、蔬菜的根茎类、果树的木本常绿果树、经济作物的糖茶桑烟等资源份数居多，占 52.12%；份数居前十位的科有豆科、禾本科、葫芦科、薯蓣科、百合科、十字花科、姜科、天南星科、山茶科和芸香科，占 70.3%；份数较多的种有大豆、水稻、豇豆、甘薯、花生、芋、茶树、丝瓜、姜、饭豆、南瓜、蒜、番木瓜、叶用芥菜、荔枝，占 49.5%。【结论】广东省第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动基本摸清我省农作物种质资源家底，抢救性收集古老地方品种、古老育成种、野生近缘和濒危野生种质资源，为创新种质、获得突破性品种提供可能。     

基于STM32微处理器的播种机工况故障采集系统设计

随着我国信息化水平的不断提高,机械自动化、计算机控制系统和测试计量行业的不断发展,使得智能控制被广泛的应用到农业生产、工业生产和高等研究等各个领域。为此,基于STM32微处理器设计和研发了播种机工况故障采集系统。系统以STM32微处理器为核心,硬件部分主要包括信息采集、人机交互、智能控制、报警、自动补偿和电机驱动等模块,主要作用是完成对传感器节点的数据采集、分析、处理和控制功能;软件部分主要包括速度信息、播种量信息、漏播判断、开沟器堵塞和种箱空检测4个子程序。试验结果表明:所选用的TAP-4 0 LS4 0 N1-D3传感器能够精准检测到种子流、种箱排空、输种管堵塞等信号;在一定干扰环境下,系统漏播报警的准确率均在97%以上,实现了播种机工况故障精确采集功能,且该系统稳定性高,错误率低,具有十分宽广的应用前景。     

纳税申报电子信息采集系统设计

电子报税是我国税制改革的一个重要组成部分,根据电子报税的具体要求确定了系统的功能模块、开发及运行平台和网络拓扑结构,并按照系统工程原则,用现代软件技术设计了纳税申报电子信息采集系统。     

观光木容器育苗技术

指出了观光木是我国亚热带、热带地区乡土阔叶珍贵用材和高效多用途树种，发展前景广阔。从种子的采集和处理、圃地选择、整地和作床、种子处理、苗期管理、病虫害防治等方面探讨了观光木的容器育苗技术。