钴与维生素B_(12)对北京鸭生产性能及生理生化指标的影响

试验采用钴(0、2.5mg/kg)×维生素B1(20.025、0.05mg/kg)双因子试验设计,通过2次试验研究钴和维生素B12对北京鸭生产性能及生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:日粮添加钴显著改善北京鸭造血机能和体液免疫以及红细胞免疫功能(P<0.01),显著降低死亡率(P<0.01),对其他生产性能和胴体指标没有显著影响;高维生素B12日粮显著降低日采食量(P<0.10),显著提高胸肌率(P<0.10),但对造血机能没有显著影响。日粮添加钴显著提高血浆维生素B12含量(P<0.10),但钴与维生素B12之间无互作效应。本试验结果说明在北京鸭日粮中维生素B12含量满足需要的情况下,添加钴盐仍有重要意义。     

Synthesis of cobalt phthalocyanine under microave irradiationand determination of bovine albumin

Cobalt phthalocyanine （CoPc）was prepared from phthalodinitrile and cobalt sulfate via microwave irradiation. The Resonance Rayleigh scattering（RRS）was enhnaced by the interaction of sulfonated CoPc and bovine albumin（BA）. An RRS peak formed at 460 nm with intensity proportional to the concentration of BA. A simple and rapid method of RRS for the determination of BA thus was established. The linear range is 0.1 ug/mL to~6.0 ug/mL. The detection limit for BA is 5.73 ng/mL.     

Hepatic Lipidosis Associated with Cobalt Deficiency in Omani Goats

Livers from 36 of 684 (5.3%) apparently healthy goats examined at an abattoir in the greater Muscat area of Oman exhibited gross pathological findings characterized by extremely pale, friable, fatty livers encompassing the entire organ. Histopathologically, diffuse hepatic lipidosis and occasional bile duct proliferation were observed. Periodic acid–Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant pigment was observed in the macrophages lining the sinusoids. These histopathological lesions were consistent with those characteristic of ovine white liver disease. Cobalt analysis revealed that normal livers had six times more cobalt and a 3-fold less fat content than those measured in the fatty livers. This is the first report of an association between cobalt deficiency and hepatic lipidosis in Omani goats.     

高钴负荷对肉仔鸡血液粘度的影响及其与肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展的关系

300只AA肉仔鸡平均分成两组,一组为对照组,另一组为高钴负荷组（从5日龄起饮含钴80mg／L的水）。于5,30和45日龄每组随机抽取20只鸡,分别检测红细胞压积（PCV）、红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白浓度（HB）、全血比粘度（BRV）和腹水心脏指数（AHI）;45日龄时扑杀所有试验鸡,观察腹水综合征发生情况。结果为：（1）高钴负荷鸡在30和45日龄时其PCV,RBC和HB显著高于对照鸡（P＜0．05）;（2）30和45日龄时高钴负荷鸡的BRV极显著高于对照鸡（P＜0．01）;（3）30和45日龄时高钴负荷鸡的AHI显著大于对照鸡（P＜0．05）,45日龄时高钴负荷鸡的腹水检出率倍增于对照鸡。本试验表明高钴负荷可诱发肉仔鸡红细胞增生,进而使血液粘度升高,最终导致右心肥大－腹水综合征。     

Role of soil organic matter in a desert soil on plant response to silver,tungsten, cobalt,and lead

Abstract

Barley plants grown in a soil very low in organic matter had higher concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo than when the plants were grown in soil considerably higher in soil organic matter. Application of some heavy metals (Co, W, Ag) resulted in much more severe phytotoxicity on low organic matter soil than on high organic matter soil. FeDTPA (ferric diethylene triamine pentaacetate acid) increased Fe levels in plants much more on low organic matter soil than on high organic matter soil. Low organic matter soil resulted in a lower Cs level from the applied Cs than from the high organic matter soil. Sulfur increased Mn concentration of plants even though all the soil was not neutralized.     

Extractable Concentrations of Cobalt from Serpentine Soils with Several Single‐Extraction Procedures

In this study, we selected three soil pedons on the shoulder, backslope, and footslope along a serpentine toposequence to measure cobalt (Co) extractability using six single‐extraction procedures. These extraction procedures are distilled water, 0.11 M acetic acid in the first step of the BCR sequential extraction (BCR1), 1 M ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc; pH 7.0), 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). Although the Co concentrations in the water extracts of the study soils ranged from 0.15 to 0.93 mg kg^?1, those with HCl extraction can be up to 22.1 mg kg^?1. The extractable Co concentrations in the study soils demonstrate that the extraction capacity is in the order HCl > DTPA > CaCl₂ ? NH₄OAc > BCR1 > H₂O. The percentages of extractable Co after applying the six single‐extraction procedures reveal that Co mobility is greatest in the soils on the backslope, moderate on the footslope, and least mobile on the shoulder.     

^60Coγ射线对水仙鳞茎的影响

＾６０Ｃｏγ射线能显著降低水仙鲜重的增加，抑制根，叶生长，但对根粗，叶片宽及工影响甚小。叶片维管束细胞受辐射损伤较大，用２－６Ｇｙ剂量处理均能提高水仙花单花寿命，延迟始花期，其根系长度与鲜重增量和叶长间呈显著线性正相关。     

重金属汞和钴对草鱼卵子孵化的影响

采用人工配制成的不同浓度溶液研究了汞(Hg2+)和钴(Co2+)对草鱼受精卵孵化的影响。结果表明,Hg2+和Co2+的浓度分别低于0.03mg·L-1和0.10mg·L-1时,草鱼卵子的孵化率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);当Hg2+的浓度在0.06—0.15mg·L-1时,孵化率随Hg浓度的升高而递减,在0.15mg·L-1时,孵化率为0。当Co2+的浓度达0.10—0.26mg·L-1时,孵化率随Co的浓度上升而降低,达0.26mg·L-1时,孵化率为0。     

日粮不同钴水平对奶牛泌乳性能、营养物质消化率和血液生化指标的影响

本研究旨在确定日粮中添加不同水平碳酸钴对奶牛泌乳性能、营养物质消化率和血液生化参数的影响。试验选用30头泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为5组,分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）和试验日粮（4个试验组）,试验日粮为在基础日粮中以碳酸钴（CoCO₃）的形式,分别添加钴0.15、0.30、0.75和1.50 mg·kg^-1 DM。试验期56 d,其中适应期14 d,正试期42 d。测定每日采食量和产奶量,并采集奶样测定乳成分含量,采集饲料和粪样测定营养物质表观消化率,采集血样测定血液生化指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加不同水平的碳酸钴后,奶牛干物质采食量（DMI）和乳成分含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。但添加钴0.30和0.75 mg·kg^-1 DM提高了产奶量（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,添加钴0.75 mg·kg^-1 DM组显著提高了酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF）和粗蛋白（CP）的消化率（P<0.05）。此外,添加钴1.50 mg·kg^-1 DM组的血浆葡萄糖含量和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性降低（P<0.05）,日粮添加钴0.75 mg·kg^-1 DM降低了谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的活性（P<0.05）;红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）含量和红细胞压积（HCT）随日粮碳酸钴水平升高而升高且呈二次曲线变化（P<0.05）。综上,泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛日粮Co水平推荐在0.30~0.75 mg·kg^-1 DM,最适添加水平是0.73 mg·kg^-1 DM。