三种植被类型植物根系对崇明岛海岸带稳定性的影响

Coastal erosion is currently a major problem along the southern coast of Chongming Island, Shanghai. To enhance the erosion protection ability of coastal shelterbelts, two woody tree species, Taxodium ascendens and Salix babylonica, were planted separately into Phragmites australis + Scirpus mariqueter communities in 2006. Two years later, we investigated whether either of these experiments reduced erosion and increased stability in the native herbaceous plant community. We also examined soil stability and root length density under T. ascendens added, S. babylonica added and native herbaceous vegetation conditions along an intertidal gradient from the soil surface to a depth of 40 cm in each experiment, thus to determine the capacity of T. ascendens and S. babylonica to contribute to shoreline stabilization. Topsoil under the native vegetation had greater stability at the middle and higher intertidal zones because its soil stability index and root length density were significantly higher than in the T. ascendens or S. babylonica planted communities. The effect of T. ascendens on soil stability was not generally better than that of the native vegetation. Only at the 20-30 cm soil depth of the middle intertidal zone and in the 10-20 cm layer of the higher intertidal zone the soil stability index and root length densities under the T. ascendens added condition were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the native vegetation. The S. babylonica planted soil had greater stability in the deeper soil layer than the soil under either the native vegetation or the T. ascendens added condition, and its soil stability index and root length density were significant higher (P < 0.05) than those of other vegetation conditions at the 30-40 cm soil depth for the lower intertidal zone and at the 20-40 cm layer for middle and higher intertidal zones.     

苏北典型滩涂区土壤盐分动态与水平衡要素之间的关系

为获知苏北滩涂区土壤水盐动态行为,从而为后续的节水灌溉和滩涂区农田水管理策略提供理论依据,该文选取典型滩涂区,进行土壤水、盐和地下水埋深的长期连续监测,并根据大丰市气象站提供的降水、地表蒸散数据,对土壤盐分变化和水平衡要素之间的关系进行探讨。结果表明：土壤表层盐分最高,波动最为剧烈,随深度不断增加,盐分逐渐降低,且波动趋缓。试验区夏季降水丰富,蒸散量相对较低,土壤含水率高,地下水埋深浅;冬季降水少,蒸散量较高,土壤含水率下降,地下水埋深较深。地下水埋深和水补充量是0～40 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子;地下水埋深和蒸散量是60～80 cm土层土壤盐分的主要影响因子。地下水盐分是土壤盐分累积的主要来源,降水脱盐作用仅对0～40 cm表土作用显著,蒸发积盐作用则在整个土壤剖面上具有影响。该研究为消减苏北滩涂区土壤盐渍化灾害提供了科学依据,对指导农业生产具有重要意义。     

江苏沿海三市乡村旅游的海滨资源保护与开发

海滨乡村旅游是乡村旅游与海洋特色的结合体。本文首先探讨了江苏沿海三市的旅游发展现状，继而分析了江苏海滨发展乡村旅游的优势及存在的问题，最后，在此基础上提出了发展江苏海滨乡村旅游的对策：加大海滩保护力度、加强体验型旅游产品开发、打造独具特色的精品旅游区以及加强与沪浙和山东的旅游区域合作。     

河北滨海平原区种植业结构调整探析

以1985-2010年统计数据为基础,运用定量与定性相结合的分析方法,对河北滨海平原区1985-2010年种植结构调整过程进行了初步研究,明确了该区不同时期粮食作物、油料作物、棉花、蔬菜、水果等作物的结构和变化趋势,分析了该区种植业结构调整的内在原因及动力,并对河北滨海平原区未来种植结构调整的方向和重点进行了讨论.     

鲁北滨海地区引种豆科牧草的灰色关联度分析

试验在鲁北滨海地区对经一般观察后初步入选的１４种豆科牧草进行了观察，并采用灰色关联度分析法以干草产量、鲜草产量、繁殖系数、折干率、叶量率、生长速度为主要指标进行综合评价。结果表明：综合性状最好的豆科牧草是草木樨属牧草，其中白花草木樨尤为突出；其次为沙打旺和美国苜蓿，也是适于鲁北滨海地区种植的豆科牧草。     

IMAGE: a physically-based one dimensional irrigation management model for soil salinity control

Abstract. This paper describes a study of 37 farms in the Batinah region of Oman where fodder crops and date palms are grown using saline irrigation water. Soil water salinities (ε_s) range from 2 to 50 dS m^–1. Soil water salinity depends on irrigation water quality and management factors such as the amount and frequency of irrigation and the area of the irrigation basin relative to the vegetation canopy. An irrigation management model for soil salinity control IMAGE has been developed, based on the salt balance of the profile assuming that the ε_s is in equilibrium with the irrigation water. The input parameters required to run the model include the annual water application, irrigation interval, soil textural class, potential evaporation, the ratio of crop canopy to irrigation basin area and the salinity of irrigation water. Verification of the model using rather uncertain data from a survey of the farms showed that this simple approach predicted ε_s to within 2.5 dS m^–1 in 82% of cases. The model showed that ε_s was highly sensitive to the size of irrigation basin and the amount and scheduling of irrigation, and so provides a tool for optimizing salinity management.     

Tomato Production and Soil Salt Distribution under Line-Source Trickle Irrigation1

Yield of red cherry tomatoes and soil salt distribution as affected by different amounts and salinities of irrigation water was studied in a field plot experiment during the summer of 1988 at Utah State University. Four different amounts of fresh water and two amounts of saline water were imposed with line source trickle irrigation on a sandy loam soil in lysimeters. Tomato yield and seasonal evapotranspiration increased in a linear fashion with increasing irrigation water. Tomato yields with fresh water (EC = 0.33 dS/m) were significantly higher than with saline (EC = 4.0 dS/m) water. There were no significant differences in seasonal evapotranspiration between the two salinity levels with two levels of deficit irrigation. Soil water depletion and availability decreased as the soil water salinity increased. Soil water salinities increased with both vertical and horizontal distance from trickle lines and reached a maximum at the bottom of the wetted area and between trickle lines.     

盐碱地区园林树种的选择和应用研究--以山东德州市为例

阐述目前德州地区园林树种选择存在的问题,以及德州市自然环境和植被状况,总结德州地区耐盐碱园林树种的选择和应用情况,并为今后耐盐碱园林树种的应用提出可行性建议。     

覆盖措施对咸水结冰灌溉后土壤水盐动态和棉花生产的影响

对咸水结冰灌溉融冰后不同防止返盐措施处理的土壤水盐动态以及棉花的出苗、生长特征和产量进行了研究。结果表明,不同的覆盖措施对抑制土壤表层水分蒸发的效果有显著差异,3月和4月份表层土壤含水量影响5月份的含盐量,而5月份表层土壤的含盐量直接决定棉花出苗率。地膜覆盖和保留前茬旧膜的处理保墒抑盐效果最好,棉花出苗率和产量也最高;秸秆覆盖也有一定的抑盐效果;而翻耕和中耕对土壤保墒抑盐的作用较差;液态膜处理的抑盐效果最差,棉花的出苗率和产量最低。可见保留前茬旧膜是简便有效的保墒抑盐途径。     

中国沿海半干旱地区海水养殖废水灌溉耐盐植物(菊芋)的研究

An experiment with six treatments： CK1 （rainfed）, CK2 （irrigated with freshwater）, and 4 treatments of saline aquaculture effluent blended with brackish groundwater at different ratios of 1：1, 1：2, 1：3, and 1：4 （v/v） was carried out during 2004 to assess the effect of saline aquaculture effluent on plant growth and soil properties in the Laizhou region, Shandong Province, China and to determine an optimal salinity threshold for aquaculture effluent. Cumulative evapotranspiration for the saline aquaculture effluent irrigation and non-irrigation treatments was lower than that for the freshwater irrigation treatment. Soil electrical conductivity was higher with respect to saline aquaculture effluent irrigation treatment compared to that with respect to non-irrigation or freshwater irrigation treatment. For Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus L.）, in comparison to the freshwater treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass for the 1：3 and 1：4 treatments were constrained, whereas stem width and root biomass were enhanced. Concomitantly, higher tuber yield was obtained for the 1：3 and 1：4 treatments compared to that for CK1 and 1：1 treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in tubers of the 1：4 treatment. This study demonstrated that saline aquaculture effluent could be used successfully to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke with higher tuber yield and nutrient removal.