组合桩型复合地基的方案选择与承载力计算

根据不同工程地质条件,给出了可供选择的组合桩型复合地基设计方案。在确定组合桩型复合地基承载力时,考虑组合桩型复合地基受荷后的实际工作性状、施工方法对桩间土承载力的综合影响,引入主控桩、辅桩和桩间土承载力发挥系数及桩间土承载力提高系数,提出了组合桩型复合地基承载力分步计算新方法。实例验证表明:采用本研究公式所得复合地基承载力计算值与载荷试验实测值基本吻合。     

松墨天牛对雪松精油及其单烯的选择行为反应

为探讨寄主挥发物在成虫寄主选择中的作用,为开发和利用引诱剂提供依据,利用Y型嗅觉仪,测试了松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope)对雪松精油及其单烯的选择行为.结果表明:200倍的雪松精油有明显引诱作用,引诱效果好于50倍和1000倍;马尾松精油、雪松精油模拟物(α-蒎烯:β-蒎烯:柠檬烯:莰烯...     

水稻农药施用强度及其影响因素研究 ——基于粮食主产区农户调研数据

 【目的】研究农民种植水稻的农药施用强度及其影响因素,为引导农民合理施用农药提供思路和实证依据。【方法】基于安徽省粮食主产区的实地调研数据,利用Tobit模型实证分析农户水稻种植农药施用强度及其影响因素。【结果】不同农户之间农药施用强度差异较大,是否雇工施药、病虫害预防措施、农药施药设备、家庭收入结构、病虫害信息服务、农民的健康意识等是影响农户农药施用强度主要因素。【结论】培育壮大社会化统防统治服务组织、健全公益性病虫害监测预警和信息传播体系、加大植保机械研发和补贴力度、发展基于病虫害控制和残留的粮食市场、扩散基于农民社区的病虫害预防措施、同时通过加强健康知识宣传普及引导农民合理施药等是降低农药施用强度的优先政策选择。     

Assessing opportunity and relocation costs of marine protected areas using a behavioural model of longline fleet dynamics

Increasing use of spatial management tools in fisheries requires an understanding of fleet response, and in particular to where displaced fishing effort is likely to move. We develop a state‐dependent decision‐making model to address the spatial allocation of effort in an Australian tuna longline fishery. We assume that fishers have an economic objective in deciding where to fish, but that decisions in any period are also influenced by the remaining quota held at the time of the decision. Key features of the model include endogenous price dynamics, a moving stock and a competitive pool of different vessel types operating from different port locations. We utilize this model to illustrate fleet responses to marine reserves and limits on fishing effort. The results illustrate that the model framework provides advantages over statistically based models in that decisions made in response to the imposition of a reserve are not consistent with a proportional reallocation of effort. Rather, the stochastic dynamic model yielded an overall profit level of ～4% higher relative to scenarios with no reserve. Incorporating the opportunity cost of a quota into the model resulted in an optimal utilization of effort, in which effort was concentrated in time periods and locations yielding maximized profit. Under a low level of effort relative to the season length, the model indicated an overall profit level 43% greater than the highest obtained when the same level of effort was applied solely within any given quarter of the season.     

No evidence for avoidance of black rat scent by the presumably less competitive Natal multimammate mouse in a choice experiment

In Africa, indigenous multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis) only appear to live commensally in houses when invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) are absent, yet little is known about the underlying mechanism. Avoidance through smell may cause the absence of M. natalensis from areas occupied by R. rattus, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested. We conducted a Y-maze choice experiment where 15 M. natalensis were offered a choice between corridors containing conspecific scent, R. rattus scent and a control scent. Residence time in the R. rattus corridor was greater than that in the control corridor but equal to that in the M. natalensis corridor, suggesting that multimammate mice do not actively avoid the scent of their invasive competitor.     

论大学生村官政策的合法性及其重构

随着大学生村官政策在全国大部分地区的推广,其自身存在的一些问题逐渐凸显。问题的根源主要在于政策自身的根本性缺陷——合法性缺失,该文提出从村官、农村和国家维度3个方面重构大学生村官政策合法性。     

甜菜夜蛾幼虫对常规棉和转基因棉的取食选择行为

本文研究了甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫在转基因棉和常规棉上的取食行为反应,以及有/无学习经历对其取食选择的影响及选择行为对蛹重的影响。结果表明,用人工饲料饲养至3龄5、龄的甜菜夜蛾幼虫在常规棉品种33和转基因棉品种33B上、常规棉品种石远321和转基因棉品种SGK321上的取食选择行为除24h内更多的5龄幼虫选择了石远321,在其它时段,幼虫并没有表现出对转基因叶片的规避行为,甚至有些时段更多地选择在转基因叶片上取食;分别用33叶片、33B叶片饲喂至3龄的甜菜夜蛾幼虫进行33和33B的取食选择,以及分别用石远321S、GK321的叶片饲喂至3龄的甜菜夜蛾幼虫进行石远321和SGK321的取食选择均未表现出对转基因棉的规避行为。上述所有处理中,甜菜夜蛾在常规棉上化蛹的蛹重与转基因棉上化蛹的蛹重无显著差异。结果表明,甜菜夜蛾对单价转基因棉33B和双价转基因棉SGK321均未表现出行为抗性。因此,在转基因棉花的害虫治理中要特别关注甜菜夜蛾的防治。     

技术选择中农户意愿选择与实际选择的差异因素分析

基于“有限理性经济人”假说,以农户对户用沼气技术的选择为例,实证分析了农户在不确定条件下的决策过程,探讨了影响农户技术选择行为的因素.研究结果表明,农户对技术的意愿选择和实际选择具有较高的一致性,实际选择受到意愿选择和农户禀赋及决策环境的共同影响.因此,现阶段改变农业技术推广模式和改善农户相关资源约束状况,将是推动我国农业技术推广的重要途径.     

赤桉优选株系离体培养和快繁技术优化的研究

对赤桉优选株系离体快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明:最适诱导培养基为MS BA0.5mg/L(以下单位同) NAA0.2 Vc3;增殖培养基为MS BA0.5 NAA0.1 IBA0.2;壮苗培养基为MS NAA0.1 IBA0.2;生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.1 IBA0.5;太阳闪射光和壮苗培养有利于赤桉生根;最适pH为5.8—6.0;组培苗移栽基质以30%泥炭土 70%黄心土成苗最好。     

是命运 还是选择——麦克白沉沦的原因

《麦克白》是莎士比亚四大悲剧之一。主人公麦克白由一位功名显赫的大英雄变成一个充满杀戮的恶棍,原因在于他的四次错误抉择:相信女巫的预言;刺杀苏格兰王邓肯;施行暴政;战死沙场。