计算法测量电阻应变原理的试验分析

介绍了计算法测量电阻应变的原理及试验，着重分析了试验结果，验证了测量原理．     

Methyl Jasmonate Counteract UV-B Stress in Barley Seedlings

The role of exogenously applied phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in counteracting the ultraviolet B (UV‐B) stress in barley seedlings was investigated. Barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Alfa) 4 days old were supplied with 5 × 10^?5 m MeJA through the roots for 3 days and then exposed for 2 days for 5 h per day to UV‐B (312 nm, biological effectiveness of UV‐B radiation 28.8 kJ m^?2day^?1). The rate of ¹⁴CO₂ fixation, PSI and PSII activities and chlorophyll content decreased, but flavonoids, H₂O₂, malondialdehyde, proline and UV‐B induced compounds increased after UV‐B treatment. The rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution was more strongly inhibited by UV‐B‐irradiation than PSI and PSII efficiency. MeJA itself increased the content of free proline, which acts as a stress protector due to its radical scavenging ability. Increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase (POX) activities in the leaves and in the roots and the POX isoforms induction revealed the MeJA involvement in plant tolerance to oxidative stress caused by UV‐B irradiation. It was shown that pre‐treatment with MeJA counteracted UV‐B stress. Therefore, it was suggested that MeJA could acts as a mediator in plant defense responses to UV‐B irradiation by enhancing the activity of antioxidant system and free radical scavenging capability of plant cells.     

YTG型双向体积管在计量检定中的应用

体积管是检定流量计的标准器。ＹＴＧ型双向体积管，其外型尺寸、主体结构、检定速度、日常管理等方面，均比单向体积管有明显的优点，并具有独特的容积补偿性，给体积管的管理、使用带来极大方便。介绍了ＹＴＧ型双向体积管的结构、技术指标及其优越性，并建议在条件允许的情况下，尽可能使用双向体积管。     

Evaluating foliar nitrogen compounds as indicators of nitrogen status in Prunus persica trees

Mobile nitrogen (N) forms may be better N indicators of the N status of trees than total nitrogen (TN) due to their higher sensitivity to increasing N supply. A field experiment was carried out over a 3-year period to compare foliar concentrations of total N (TN), soluble N (SN), chlorophyll (Minolta SPAD readings), NH₄–N and NO₃–N as indicators of soil N availability in nectarine, Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Fantasia’ (grafted on ‘Nemaguard’ peach, P. persica × P. davidiana) trees. Young trees were exposed to a range of fertilizer-N application rates. Based on correlation analysis, the best association between leaf N compounds with soil N supply and trunk diameter and/or fruit yield was obtained with TN and chlorophyll SPAD readings. Leaf concentrations of mobile N compounds (NH₄–N and NO₃–N) increased more than any other N compound under high N supply; however, their inconsistency among years and low leaf concentration difficult their use as N indicators. The optimum foliar TN for growth decreased with tree age, 4.4%, 3.6% and 3.3% in non-bearing 1-year-old trees, non-bearing 2-year-old trees and 3.3 fruit-bearing 3-year-old trees. The optimum SPAD readings were 40 in 2-year-old trees and 42 in 3-year-old trees. Stable N compounds (TN and chlorophyll SPAD) could be used to N diagnosis in the zone of N deficiency, and soluble N compounds (NH₄–N and NO₃–N) to diagnoses N excess.     

美国山核桃无性系叶绿素的荧光特性

研究了12个不同品种美国山核桃无性系嫁接苗的叶绿素荧光特性.结果表明:不同品种间的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PS II原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PS II潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)均存在显著或极显著差异;光合量子产额(Y ield)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)未达显著差异.初步聚类分析表明,不同无性系嫁接苗中的所有西部品种和国内优系金华1号具有较好的光合性能.     

胡杨多形叶气孔特征及光合特性的比较

为揭示多形叶发育的生态适应机制,选择锯齿卵圆形、卵圆形和披针形3种典型成年胡杨叶片进行气孔及光合特性方面的研究.观察到,胡杨叶片近轴面与远轴面的气孔密度相近,气孔为非均匀开闭;3种形态叶的气孔密度不同,锯齿卵圆形的最大,披针形的最小.气孔下陷程度存在显著差异,锯齿卵圆形叶气孔下陷较深,披针形的最浅.它们的光合速率日变化规律基本一致,呈单峰曲线.光合速率日平均值存在较大差异,卵圆形叶和锯齿卵圆形叶的光合速率日平均值明显高于披针形叶.3种形态叶的光补偿点相近,但饱和点存在差异;叶片的PSⅡ原初光能转换效率以及PSⅡ潜在活性也存在明显差异,其中锯齿卵圆形叶的最高.结果表明,胡杨叶片在发育过程中从形态、解剖和光合特性上均发生了变异.     

野生玫瑰与玫瑰栽培品种光合特性的比较

以2个产地的野生玫瑰(吉林珲春野生玫瑰和山东牟平野生玫瑰)和2个玫瑰栽培品种(山东平阴的紫枝玫瑰和甘肃苦水的苦水玫瑰)为试材,利用CIRAS-2型便携式光合测定系统和FMS-2型调制式荧光仪对其叶片气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数日进程进行比较研究.结果表明:1)珲春野生玫瑰Pn日变化为单峰曲线,牟平野生玫瑰和紫枝玫瑰Pn日变化为不显著的双峰曲线,苦水玫瑰Pn日变化则为典型的双峰曲线;2个野生玫瑰的Pn最高值明显高于2个玫瑰栽培品种,表现出显著的高光合效率特性;珲春野生玫瑰、紫枝玫瑰和苦水玫瑰都表现出明显的光合"午休",而牟平野生玫瑰没有"午休";紫枝玫瑰Pn的降低主要是非气孔因素所致,而珲春野生玫瑰、牟平野生玫瑰和苦水玫瑰Pn的降低则受气孔和非气孔因素的共同影响.2)叶绿素荧光参数的日变化表明,4个玫瑰均出现了不同程度的光抑制,野生玫瑰比玫瑰栽培品种对高光强敏感,中午光抑制程度较大,但却比玫瑰栽培品种能更有效地利用上午的光能进行光合碳同化,而玫瑰栽培品种对下午光能的利用率比野生玫瑰高;PSⅡ反应中心的可逆失活和有效的非辐射能量耗散是玫瑰叶片防御光破坏的主要保护机制.     

红檵木叶色变化的生理生化研究

红檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)在春季新叶初发时,花红叶红,且叶片红艳可人,具有很高的观赏价值.但随着叶龄的增大,叶色发生较大变化,在初夏叶色变为暗红色,到了盛夏高温季节,叶色几乎变成了绿色,出现了生产上称之的"高温返青"现象.     

水分胁迫对扁桃砧木干物质和叶绿素含量的影响

以新疆常用的扁桃砧木石头扁桃和毛桃的1年生实生苗为材料,设置土壤相对含水量分别为田间最大持水量的100%、80%、60%、40%和20%5个处理,研究了不同水分胁迫条件对其干物质和叶绿素含量的影响。水分胁迫处理第10、20、30天后取样,测定其叶绿素含量;在水分胁迫处理第30天取样测定其干物质含量。结果表明:2个供试品种对水分胁迫的反应一致。在土壤相对含水量为80%时,总干物质含量和叶质量比最高,土壤相对含水量较多或较少都会减少干物质的积累,石头扁桃总干物质含量和叶质量比的下降幅度大于毛桃。根质量比和根冠比在土壤相对含水量为80%时最低,随着水分胁迫程度的加剧,根质量比和根冠比升高,石头扁桃的升高幅度大于毛桃。在土壤相对含水量为80%时叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量最高,随着胁迫程度的加剧和时间的延长,叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量降低,石头扁桃的降低幅度大于毛桃。