A Comparative Study on the Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Jiangquan Black Pig and DLY Pig

To further understand the germplasm characteristics of Jiangquan Black pig,100 kg Jiangquan Black pigs (10 barrows, 10 sows) and 10 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) pigs under the same conditions were randomly selected to analyse the slaughter performance and meat quality according to related rules. After slaughtered,the carcass index (carcass weight, loin muscle area, carcass length and backfat thickness etc), meat quality physical indicators (pH, meat color, marbling, drip loss etc), gerneral chemical index (the contents of crude protein, intramuscular fat, moisture and ash etc) and the proportion of amino acids in Jiangquan Black pig were analyzed. The results showed that, Jiangquan Black pig carcass lean meat rate was relatively low, the loin muscle area was reduced by about 30% (P<0.05) compared with DLY pig, while the backfat thickness was higher than that of DLY pig (P<0.05). The meat color, marbling, drip loss, cooking loss, water loss rate index and intramuscular fat content of Jiangquan Black pig were significantly better than that of DLY pigs (P<0.05), the rate of water loss and drip loss and cooking loss were decreased by 4.0%, 3.1% and 2.7%, intramuscular fat content increased by 150.0%. Therefore, The lean yield of Jiangquan Black pig was less than DLY pig, but water retention property, intramuscular fat content, meat color, marbling, meat quality indexes were significantly better than that of DLY pig. In conclusion, Jiangquan Black pig could provide good quality pork for consumers.     

Effects of increasing amount of dietary Prosopis laevigata pods on performance,meat quality and fatty acid profile in growing lambs

A study with finishing lambs assessed the effect of dietary inclusion of Prosopis laevigata pods (PLPs) on performance, carcass characteristics, meat traits and fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat. Twenty‐one Rambouillet lambs (27.0 ± 3.0 kg BW) were assigned to one of three experimental diets with 0, 150 and 300 g PLP/kg DM. Evaluation of growth performance lasted 49 days. The experimental design was completely randomized and analysed with a mixed model. Lambs fed diets with 0, 150 and 300 g PLP had similar growth performance. Lambs fed diets with 300 g PLP/kg DM had better (p < 0.05) carcass yield and classification, less (p < 0.05) fat deposition and lower lightness (L*) value (p < 0.05) in meat than lambs fed diets with 0 and 150 g PLP/kg DM. Saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) decreased (p < 0.05) and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) increased (p < 0.05) in subcutaneous fat of lambs fed diets with 150 and 300 g pods as compared with lambs not fed PLP. Prosopis laevigata pods are a safe feedstuff that can replace a third of conventional ingredients and reduce feed costs in growing lambs. Addition of PLP reduced (p < 0.05) total feed cost by 21%.     

营养调控对宣城黄鸡胴体品质及肉质的影响

通过营养调控改善鸡肉品质与风味。选100 d宣城黄鸡600只随机分为5组,分别饲喂优化日粮（OD）、OD＋风味改良剂（MD）、MD＋茶粉与甲壳质混合物、MD＋昆虫蛋白硒,对照组饲喂原场饲粮。试验期55 d。结果表明：（1）试1、2、3、4组较对照组试鸡腹脂率分别降低45.28%,44.67%,64.04%,14.65%,其中试1、2组试鸡较对照组腹脂率显著降低（P〈0.05）,试3组降低极显著（P〈0.01）;试3组肝重率显著降低33.59%（P〈0.05）;试2组腺肌胃率显著提高45.11%（P〈0.01）。（2）肌间脂肪1、3、4组较对照组降低,但试2组提高15.66%（P〈0.05）;肌苷酸试1组较对照组低,试2、3、4组分别高17.48%（P〈0.05）,9.35%,10.16%;试4组胸肌硒含量较试2组提高了163%（P〈0.01）。（3）鸡肉弹性试1、2、3组较对照组分别高7.32%,7.89%（P〈0.05）,9.21%,而试4组则低2.63%;粘聚性试1、2与3组较对照组分别高2.78%,5.71%（P〈0.05）,4.29%,试4组则低1.43%。日粮补饲茶粉与甲壳素混合物可显著降低腹脂沉积,有防止肌肉脂肪氧化,降低MDA水平,维持高pH值趋势;配制的风味改良剂也可显著降低腹脂率,并有提高肌苷酸、羟脯氨酸含量与肌内脂水平趋势,能显著提高肌肉弹性与粘聚性;昆虫硒可显著提高鸡肉中硒沉积量。     

怀乡鸡×贵妃鸡杂交一代不同日龄屠宰性能及肉品质的测定

随机抽取90d和120d的怀乡鸡&#215;贵妃鸡杂交一代共32只（每个日龄公母鸡各8只）,进行屠宰试验和肉品质分析。结果表明,屠宰性能上,120d的公鸡腿肌率与两个日龄的母鸡相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,而同性别间的腿肌率没有显著性差异;90d公母间腹脂率差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而120d的公母间腹脂率差异极显著（P〈0.01）,且120d母鸡的腹脂率与90d的母鸡相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,其它指标则没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。肉品质上,120d胸肌和腿肌的pH值、肉色、水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量与90d的相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而120d的胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失比90d的小,且差异显著（P〈0.05）。     

日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能及肉品质的影响

研究日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响。360只1日龄Arbor Acres(AA)肉公雏,0~3周龄统一饲喂同种日粮(含锌86.25 mg/kg),于22日龄从中选取288只鸡按体重随机分成8个处理,每个处理分6个重复笼饲养,每个重复笼6只鸡。分别饲喂不添加锌的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮(对照组,含锌27.66 mg/kg)和在基础日粮中分别添加20、40、60、80、100、120和140 mg/kg锌(试剂级硫酸锌)日粮。试验期21 d。研究结果表明,日粮锌水平对4~6周龄肉仔鸡生长和胴体性能均无显著影响(P>0.10),但日粮中添加适宜水平的锌可显著降低肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失和胸肌丙二醛含量,提高胸肌L^*值(P<0.10)。     

牛组织蛋白D基因多态性与肉质、胴体性状的关联分析

以51头西门塔尔和鲁西黄牛的杂交后代作为试验动物,扩增组织蛋白酶D(cathepsin D,CTSD)基因部分外显子,通过DNA测序方法检测到该基因第5、6、8外显子共4个SNPs(T581C、T599C、A861T、A1128G)的遗传变异。SAS软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将几个位点的不同基因型与牛肉质、胴体性状进行关联分析。结果表明,位于CTSD基因外显子5的T581C突变与大理石纹性状呈显著相关(P<0.05),BB基因型显著优于AA和AB基因型,这为T581C作为肉牛大理石纹的分子标记提供了一定的理论依据。     

早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响

试验研究了早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响。以320只1日龄AA+肉用仔鸡为试验动物。设4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复20只肉仔鸡。对照组根据AA+商品代肉鸡营养标准配制。各处理肉用仔鸡1～7日龄均为自由采食,8～14日龄对照组、限饲90%组、限饲80%组和限饲70%组分别饲喂自由采食量的100%、90%、80%和70%,15日龄恢复自由采食,以后按常规饲养管理。每周末,以重复为单位全部称重。分别于42、49日龄,每个重复随机抽取4只肉用仔鸡禁食12h、称重、屠宰、测定屠体品质。试验结果表明:在第2周,限饲各组肉仔鸡的体重和日增重分别显著低于对照组(P0.05);在第3周,限饲90%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);在第4周,限饲80%和70%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);5、6、7周及2～6、2～7周各组在体重、日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率等都无显著差异(P0.05)。早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡胴体特性没有显著影响(P0.05),限饲70%～80%,具有改善饲料转化效率、胸肌率、腹脂率的作用。     

秦川牛CEBPA基因遗传变异对体尺和胴体性状的影响

试验以CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A(CEBPA)为候选基因,采用直接测序的方法寻找秦川牛CEBPA基因SNP,筛查到一个新的多态位点T963G,该突变位于基因的编码区。运用PCR-RFLP方法验证并分析该位点在215头秦川牛群体中的多态性。结果表明:在秦川牛群体中分布A、B 2个等位基因,处于中度多态。经过χ2适合性检验,秦川牛群体在该位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。将该T963G位点的基因型与体尺、胴体性状进行关联分析,表明该位点与胴体重显著相关(P0.05),BB为有利基因型,B等位基因为有利等位基因,提示该位点有可能作为秦川牛胴体性状标记辅助选择的标记之一。     

阉割对公猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

【目的】探讨阉割对生长期公猪的生长、胴体性状和肌肉品质的影响。【方法】选取36头全同胞雄性仔猪,根据配对原则分成18对,每对随机抽出1头在5周龄时阉割,另1头作对照。5、12、21和30周龄时空腹称重,采集血液测定血清睾酮含量;21、30周龄屠宰测定胴体性状,采集背最长肌样品,用近红外扫描和气相色谱-质谱分析方法测定肌内脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成。【结果】12、21和30周龄时,未去势公猪的血清睾酮含量极显著高于去势公猪(P0.01);21周龄时,去势公猪的体重高于未去势公猪(P0.05),但在30周龄时,未去势公猪体重极显著高于去势公猪(P0.01),21和30周龄时,去势公猪平均膘厚、板油重和脂肪率极显著高于未去势公猪,平均皮厚和瘦肉率极显著低于未去势公猪(P0.01);30周龄时,未去势公猪胴体重、前蹄重和眼肌面积显著地高于去势公猪(P0.05);21周龄时去势公猪肌内脂肪含量高于未去势公猪(P0.05),背最长肌肌肉部分饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)极显著高于未去势公猪(P0.01)、但多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)极显著低于未去势公猪(P0.01),公猪血清睾酮含量和肌内脂肪含量之间无显著相关性(P0.05),但与C16:0、C18:1、MUFA及C18:0和PUFA存在极显著负相关和正相关(P0.01)。【结论】公猪阉割后,血清睾酮水平降低,从而影响公猪的生长和胴体性状以及肌肉脂肪酸组成。     

鲁西牛和秦川牛体尺性状与胴体性状间典型相关分析

为揭示肉牛体尺性状与胴体性状两组变量之间相关本质,对鲁西牛和秦川牛的4个体尺性状和7个胴体性状分别进行典型相关分析,结果表明:鲁西牛和秦川牛的体尺性状和胴体性状间都存在较强的相关,其第1典型相关系数均达到极显著相关水平(P0.01),典型相关系数分别是0.886和0.985,占到总相关信息的66.00%和92.92%,第2典型相关系数分别是0.738和0.802,累积占到总相关信息的87.73%和98.16%。鲁西牛体尺性状和胴体性状间第1对典型相关主要由胸围(A4)与胴体重(B1)引起,第2对典型相关主要由体高(A1)与后腿长(B5)引起,而秦川牛体尺性状和胴体性状间第1对典型相关主要由管围(A3)、胸围(A4)与胴体重(B1)、后腿长(B5)、胴体长(B7)引起,对2个品种牛两组性状的选育应侧重于这几个性状的表现,可以达到较理想的效果。