Growth performance,carcass quality characteristics and colonic microbiota profiles in finishing pigs fed diets with different inclusion levels of rice distillers’ by‐product

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing rice distillers’ by‐product (RDP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and gut microbiota of fattening pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred finishing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire), 56.9 ± 3.1 kg initial body weight, were randomly allocated to three groups. For 56 days, pigs were fed one of three diets including RDP0 (control), RDP15 (15% RDP in DM), and RDP30 (30% RDP in DM). With RDP level in diet, average daily gain and backfat thickness linearly increased (p < 0.05), and drip loss tended to increase (p ≤ 0.08). In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon profiling showed that RDP was associated with modulation of colonic microbiota composition, especially at family and genus levels. Relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families in colonic digesta increased with inclusion of RDP, while that of Enterobacteriaceae decreased. The proportion of genera unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and Butyrivibrio increased as inclusion of RDP. These results indicate that up to 30% inclusion in diet of finishing pigs, RDP can modulate colonic microbiota composition, and induces an improvement of animal growth and fat deposition.     

饲料中添加紫花苜蓿多糖对育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究紫花苜蓿多糖对育肥猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响,选择体重相近的健康三元杂交育肥猪180头,随机分成3组,每个组3个重复,每个重复20头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加5.0%、10.0%紫花苜蓿多糖,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。在试验1 d和60 d测定生长性能指标,试验结束测定胴体品质。结果表明:(1)试验2、3组试验末重和平均日增重分别较对照组提高5.8%、6.2%、14.0%、14.9%(P <0.05),试验2、3组料重比分别较对照组降低4.6%、5.0%(P <0.05)。(2)试验2、3组屠宰率和瘦肉率分别较对照组提高4.2%、4.0%、5.8%、6.9%(P <0.05);试验2、3组胴体率均高于对照组(P> 0.05),试验2、3组背膘厚和眼肌面积分别较对照组降低7.8%、10.0%、8.9%、8.7%(P <0.05)。(3)试验2、3组肉质评价指标大理石评分、肉色、剪切力、p H24 h较对照组相比,均差异性不显著(P> 0.05)。综述所述,日粮中10.0%紫花苜蓿多糖可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和胴体品质。     

Supplementation of L‐glycine and L‐glutamate to Japanese quails from 01 to 36 days of age using the ideal protein concept

Experiment I: T_1‐1 = basal diet with 25% crude protein (CP) + limiting amino acids (LA); T_1‐2 = 20% CP + LA; T_1‐3 = 20% CP + LA + L‐glycine; T_1‐4 = 20% CP + LA + L‐glutamate; T_1‐5 = 20% CP + LA + L‐glycine + L‐glutamate. Experiment II: T_2‐1 = basal diet with 22% CP + LA; T_2‐2 = 20% CP + LA; T_2‐3 = 17.6% CP + LA + L‐glycine; T_2‐4 = 17.6% CP + LA + L‐glutamate; T_2‐5 = 17.6% CP + LA + L‐glycine + L‐glutamate. The reduction of dietary protein based on the concept of ideal protein decreases nitrogen excretion in quails when L‐glycine is added to the diets. Quails fed diets supplemented with L‐glutamate as the non‐specific nitrogen source equivalent to the nitrogen level of the control diet had increased nitrogen excretion. However, quails had reduced nitrogen excretion in both experiments when L‐glycine was added to diets with L‐glutamate. Carcass fat was increased by reducing dietary protein, but fat deposition was reduced by adding L‐glutamate and L‐glycine, or both. The dietary addition of L‐glutamate and L‐glycine in quails based on the ideal protein concept is not necessary (Exp. I). Although the total nitrogen, electrolytic balance and glycine level were adjusted in diets, quails had decreased performance. Therefore, other hypotheses besides protein reduction need to be studied (Exp. II). Protein reduction with supplementation of only limiting essential amino acids does not affect quail performance. Dietary addition of L‐glycine reduces nitrogen excretion.     

猪胴体淋巴结中金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定

随机采取西宁市某生猪屠宰场猪胴体淋巴结60份,进行细菌常规分离培养,结果分离出金黄色葡萄球菌菌株40株,表明该批猪胴体中的金黄色葡萄球菌带菌率可能较高,应引起有关部门的重视。     

大豆素对湘中黑牛育肥牛胴体性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加大豆素对湘中黑牛育肥牛胴体性能和肉品质的影响。选择14头健康、体重[(450±20)kg]相近、2岁左右阉割湘中黑牛,随机分成2组,每组7头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg大豆素。试验期为120 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)添加大豆素对宰前活重、热胴体重、屠宰率无显著影响(P0.05),胴体的脂肪含量、背膘厚有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);2)添加大豆素显著提高了背最长肌的粗脂肪含量及大理石花纹评分(P0.05),分别提高了8.34%、1.93分,并显著降低了排酸24 h肌肉的p H和水分含量(P0.05),显著增加了肌肉的红度值(P0.05);3)添加大豆素显著降低了血清中葡萄糖、尿素氮、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度(P0.05);4)添加大豆素分别显著提高和降低了背最长肌的异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加大豆素能够影响育肥牛的脂类代谢,促进肌肉脂肪沉积,改善牛肉的大理石花纹和品质。     

克伦特罗和苯二氮卓化合物F89对肉鸡生长、胴体组成和血液代谢物的影响

将β－受体激动剂克伦特罗（１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和苯二氮卓化合物Ｆ８９（２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）同时添加在４１～５６,３８～５９和５～５６日龄红布罗肉鸡的日粮中,连续饲喂。饲养试验表明：试验组肉鸡的摄食量分别提高了４．４７％,３．３４％和５．３４％;增重分别提高了１３．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,８．７２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和９．９６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。屠宰试验表明：试验组肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率都有明显提高,从而改善了肉鸡胴体组成,提高了瘦肉率。肉鸡的胸肌增加伴随着ＲＮＡ含量增多,而总ＤＮＡ含量保持不变,因此,试验组肉鸡的胸肌ＲＮＡ／ＤＮＡ值上升。添喂Ｆ８９和ＣＬ后,肉鸡血清尿酸和雌激素（１７β－Ｅ２）含量显著降低,而游离脂肪酸和胰岛素含量显著上升。     

甘肃省杂优猪杂交父本的合成研究——杂交猪DA、DB、DC肉用性能的同期比较

在同一条件下研究比较杜洛克（Ｄ） 与Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３ 个新品系猪杂交后代的肉用性能。结果显示, ＤＡ、ＤＢ、ＤＣ 的生长速度分别为７５７－３２ 、７１８－８１ 、６８６－６７ ｇ／ｄ 。料重比依次为３－５８ 、３－５４、３－７０ 。屠宰测定, ＤＡ、ＤＢ 的胴体瘦肉率比ＤＣ分别高７－５１ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 和１３－３８ ％ （ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,脂肪率ＤＣ比ＤＡ、ＤＢ 分别高１４－８４ ％ （ Ｐ ＜ ０－０５） 和３１－１５％ （ Ｐ ＜ ０－０１） , ＤＡ 和ＤＢ 无显著性差异。其它胴体性状水平各组间无显著性差异。ＤＡ、ＤＣ 的肉质性能良好, ＤＢ 表现轻度的ＰＳＥ 肉     

不同剂型维生素对猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

为了研究液体纳米维生素对猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响,选用80头20 kg左右的健康育肥猪并随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加固体维生素、普通液体维生素和液体纳米维生素,在体重达到100 kg左右时结束肥育并进行胴体品质测定。结果表明,维生素的添加对猪的日增重、料肉比、瘦肉率、眼肌面积和背膘厚均具有显著影响,且液体纳米维生素的效果显著优于固体维生素和普通液体维生素,普通液体维生素的使用效果优于固体维生素,但两者之间无显著差异。结果提示,液体纳米维生素较其他维生素可显著提高猪的生产性能并能显著改善胴体品质。     

Effect of dietary protein levels on growth,feed utilization and carcass composition of endangered bagrid catfish Horabagrus brachysoma (Gunther 1864) fingerlings

An 84‐day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of different levels of dietary protein, 250 (P25), 300 (P30), 350 (P35), 400 (P40) and 450 g (P45) kg^?1 dry matter (DM) on growth, feed intake, feed utilization and carcass composition of bagrid catfish Horabagrus brachysoma fingerlings. Triplicate groups of fingerlings with mean initial body weight of 2.2 g were fed the experimental diets twice daily, till satiation, in 150‐L tanks supplied with flow‐through freshwater. Daily dry matter intake by the fingerlings decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when fed P25 diet, containing 250 g protein kg^?1. The highest body weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed 350 g protein kg^?1 diet. The fish fed with P45 diet had the lowest (P < 0.05) carcass lipid content. The polynomial regression analysis indicates that H. brachysoma fingerlings require 391 g dietary crude protein kg^?1 diet.