营养盐在食用菌栽培料循环栽培中的应用研究

用废弃的食用菌糠为主料,添加微肥液改良后,可促进平菇菌丝萌发生长,提高子实体的产量。通过调整微量和矿物元素的比例,试验出最佳的添加比例：每100克干栽培料中,添加10mL微量元素Ⅰ,10mL微量元素Ⅱ,15mL微量元素Ⅲ及5mL矿物元素营养液。将上述结果应用于田间试验,以菌糠50%、草秸36%、麦麸8%、玉米4%、石膏2%为栽培料,结果与未添加营养盐的对照比较,其生物学效率提高了6%。     

杏鲍菇菌糠栽培秀珍菇配方试验

把杏鲍菇菌糠、杂木屑、麸皮、糖、石膏和石灰按不同比例组合,用于秀珍菇栽培,研究适合堆料发酵和提高产量的最优配比。试验结果表明,培养基质中添加杏鲍菇菌糠,秀珍菇长势均良好,菌糠废料得到充分利用,具有菌丝生长快、产量高、成本低等优点,其中,在栽培料中加入30%杏鲍菇菌糠的效果较好,效益较不添加菌糠增加8.6%。     

菌糠改良保护地土壤pH的研究

本实验研究了用食用菌菌糠做底肥改良保护地土壤pH值。以出菇后的平菇菌糠为底肥,用量分为五个等级（0、20、40、60、80kg/100m2）,每个等级有三组对比。土壤pH值用pH值测试仪测定。结果衷明：随着施用菌糠量的增加,土壤的pH值由7.86减小到7.80,区组间和处理间都不具有显著差异。结论为菌糠不能良好的改良保护地土壤的pH值。     

金针菇废菌料林下栽培棘托竹荪的研究

对工厂化金针菇废菌料配合不同比例的竹屑在楠竹林下栽培棘托竹荪进行了探索。结果表明,不同的竹屑与金针菇废菌料的配比对棘托竹荪产量影响无显著差异,但单纯采用废菌料栽培棘托竹荪出荪周期短且较集中,可以显著降低生产中的劳动力成本,并能取得较好的经济效益。     

食用菌菌糠综合利用的研究现状

食用菌菌糠中含有丰富的营养物质,在综述菌糠营养价值的基础上,对其在食用菌栽培、作物栽培和畜禽饲养等方面的应用进行了介绍.提出了应注意的问题,并对菌糠综合利用的前景进行了展望.     

木薯茎秆基质育苗效果研究

以草炭、椰糠为对照,研究腐熟木薯茎秆对番茄、黄瓜、丝瓜、茄子、大吊瓜及西瓜的育苗效果,为木薯茎秆作为育苗基质提供依据。育苗结果表明:(1)原木薯茎秆用于番茄育苗时,其发芽率、株高、茎粗及真叶数与草炭育的番茄效果相当;过2 mm筛木薯茎秆对番茄育苗效果不如草炭,但优于椰糠;原木薯茎秆用于黄瓜育苗时,其发芽率、株高、茎粗及真叶数与草炭、椰糠育的黄瓜效果相当;原木薯茎秆对番茄、黄瓜的育苗效果优于过2 mm筛木薯茎秆。(2)原木薯茎秆、过2 mm筛木薯茎秆对丝瓜、大吊瓜和西瓜的育苗效果不如草炭、椰糠,但对茄子的育苗效果优于椰糠。总的看来,腐熟木薯茎秆可用于番茄、黄瓜、茄子育苗,而不宜单独用于丝瓜、大吊瓜和西瓜育苗。     

The inheritance and expression of leaf chlorosis associated with gene Sr2 for adult plant resistance to wheat stem rust

Sr2, an important source of durable resistance to the wheat stem rust pathogen, is linked with a distinctive seedling chlorosis gene sc. The expression of sc is sensitive to temperature and light. The chlorosis can be induced by inoculation with the stem rust or leaf rust pathogens and also develops on uninfected leaves of rusted plants. This chlorosis is an excellent marker for Sr2 which previously was best monitored by the appearance of pseudo-black chaff on glumes or upper stem or the expression of resistance. However, the latter are only detected late in the season on field-grown adult plants. Chlorosis was recessive in F1 hybrids, however, it segregated in a dominant manner in some F3 lines presumably due to the presence of modifying genes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of a Bio-decomposer on Utilization by Rice (Oryza sativa L.) of 15N Derived from Rice Chaff or Straw

Abstract

The ¹⁵N - labeled technique was used to study the stock, transformation, fate and utilization efficiency of N in the farming–pig husbandry–biogas ecosystem in rice areas. It was shown that the crude protein digestibility of the ensilaged milk vetch by pig was 53.76%, the recovery rates of ensilaged milk vetch N from the pig feces and urine were 39.36% and 24.71%, respectively. The recovery rate of biogas fermentation N of pig feces and urine was 97.9%. The quantity of alkali-hydrolysable N was 2.6 times as great as before the fermentation. The mixed application of milk vetch, biogas-tank sludge and chemical fertilizer could promote N partitioning to rice grain, therefore it was advantageous to yield improvement. The residual quantity in soil of the fertilizer N was equivalent to 2.0 - 2.5 times that of only chemical fertilizer and yet gaseous loss N of the latter was 2.6-8.2 times that of the former. The comprehensive economic effect of the whole ecosystem increased by times, compared with the only milk vetch-early rice-late rice pattern, and ecological effect and social effect were also very prominent.     

Effects of Powdered Rice Chaff Application on Si and N Absorption,Lodging Resistance and Yield in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

Rice chaff, a major by-product of rice cultivation, is generally known for its high content of Si. Pot and small field plot (concrete plot) experiments were conducted to ascertain the effects of rice chaff in powdered form (Cp) and normal rice chaff (Ch) with or without bio-decomposer application on lodging resistance, yield, Si and N absorption of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Hatsushimo). The results showed that the absorption of Si by plants could be promoted by Gp supplied together with a bio-decomposer, although the N content in plants was not increased. In the concrete plot experiment, lodging resistance was improved by Cp applied under a lightly-fertilized condition due to the high breaking strength and strong bending stress caused by the high Si content in the plants. Cp application tended to increase under a lightly-fertilized condition, but decreased the yield under a heavily-fertilized condition. It was suggested hat Cp application is effective on rice growth under a lightly-fertilized condition, and that Cp may be useful as an alternative of inorganic Si fertilizer and contribute to a sustainable Si recycle system in rice cultivation.     

杏鲍菇菌糠对幼兔生长性能、消化率及抗氧化性能的影响

旨在研究杏鲍菇菌糠对幼兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化和抗氧化性能的影响.选取60只5周龄的新西兰幼兔随机分为3组:对照组,试验Ⅰ组,试验Ⅱ组,分别用杏鲍菇菌糠代替日粮中0, 50%, 100%的菊叶粉,预试期7 d,正饲期28 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组平均日增重分别提高了7.8%和12.1%,腹泻率有升高趋势. 2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组显著提高了粗蛋白质表观消化率(p0.05),粗纤维、灰分和无氮浸出物差异无统计学意义(p0.05). 3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶活性(p0.05);同时提高了总抗氧化能力(p0.05);降低了血清丙二醛质量分数(p0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组显著提高了血糖质量分数(p0.05),其他血清指标影响无统计学意义(p0.05). 4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组料肉比分别降低了13.5%和5.4%(p0.05),每千克增质量的成本比对照组节约了17.3%和11.1%.由此可见,杏鲍菇菌糠可以提高幼兔生长性能、降低料肉比、提高粗蛋白质表观消化率、增强机体的抗氧化能力,并且有降低饲喂成本的效果.