玉米人工合成群体产量相关性状选择潜势及杂种优势模式分析

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计 ,以分属于不同杂种优势群的 6个自交系做测验种 ,与 6个合成群体组配成 36个组合。结果表明 :单株产量的GCA以LBM最高 ,其次为WBM ,从株型、穗型性状的SCA分析合成群体与自交系组成了 9个优良杂种优势模式。单株产量最高的组合为HZ85×WBM ,其均值为 10 8 75g。通过对优良杂优模式内的变异参数估计 ,在群体内有丰富的变异个体 ,具有很强的选择潜势。组合内个体产量分布以及出现的频率对选系和轮回选择具有明确的指导意义。人工合成群体具有丰富的遗传变异 ,分属于不同的杂种优势类群 ,具有多元种质的特性。作为选系和轮回选择群体 ,具有明显的选择潜势     

Effect of soil matric potential on tomato yield and water use under drip irrigation condition

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under drip irrigation condition in North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments, which controlled SMP at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter higher than −10 (S1), −20 (S2), −30 (S3), −40 (S4) and −50 kPa (S5), respectively, after tomato plant establishment. The results showed that different SMP affected irrigation amount and tomato ET. Irrigation amount decreased from 185 mm (S1) to 83.6 mm (S5) in 2004, and from 165 mm (S1) to 109 mm (S5) in 2005, respectively. The ET decreased from 270 mm (S1) to 202 mm (S5) in both years. However, it was found that SMP did not affect the tomato yield significantly, for the range of SMP investigated. Both WUE and IWUE increased as SMP decreased. The maximum WUE (253 and 217 kg/ha mm) and IWUE (620 and 406 kg/ha mm) were for S5 in 2 years, whereas the minimum WUE (178 and 155 kg/ha mm) and IWUE 261 and 259 kg/ha mm) were for S1 in 2004 and 2005. Based on the above results, therefore, it is recommended that if the tomatoes are well irrigated (SMP is higher than −20 kPa) during establishment, controlling SMP higher than −50 kPa at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter can be used as an indicator for drip irrigation scheduling during following period of tomato growth in North China Plain.     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

空间电场阴极聚水机理及初步试验研究

为了解决干旱地区缺水问题,采用施加正向空间电场的方法,使悬浮在气体中的雾粒荷电在静电力的作用下定向移动,迅速地积聚到作为阴极的土壤表面,同时也抑制了土壤水分蒸发,从而实现了空间电场的阴极聚水.为此,设计了一种电极电压、异极距和间歇工作节拍可调的空间电场聚水试验系统,研究了空间电场对土壤含水率的影响规律.初步试验结果表明,在气候条件比较干旱的情况下,在正向空间电场中的土壤水分蒸发明显要比在大气电场中的慢,说明了适宜的正向空间电场可以抑制土壤水的蒸发.     

宁蒙引黄灌区田间节水潜力计算方法分析

以黄河干流宁蒙大型自流引黄灌区为研究对象,采用分项法以及两种计算顺序对宁蒙引黄灌区田间节水潜力进行了计算,分析了不同计算顺序对田间节水潜力计算结果的影响,并采用综合法对分项法计算结果进行了验证,表明计算方法可靠。     

荒漠化预警模型及其应用研究

分析了土地生产潜力的影响因子及其计算方法，从机理上分析各因子给未来荒漠化的发展趋势可能造成的影响，并从土地生产潜力退化基本原理出发，建立了荒漠化顸警模型。以疏勒河流域为背景，在GIS平台支持下，应用预警模型分析了该流域昌马灌区农业综合开发后的荒漠化趋势，对灌区荒漠化的发展趋势和潜在危险性进行了分析判断。     

区域节水灌溉的节水潜力简易计算方法探讨

节水灌溉是用尽可能少的灌溉水投入,取得尽可能多的农作物产出的一种灌溉模式.节水灌溉的节水潜力是在保持农作物产量不降低的前提下,通过采用工程、技术和措施使从水源取用的灌溉水通过输水、配水和灌水供给作物利用的过程中,可能减少的损失水量.在制定区域节水灌溉规划时,需要对发展节水灌溉后产生的节水潜力进行分析计算,以此作为规划决策的依据.对于节水灌溉的节水潜力分析计算方法国内已进行过诸多研究,但要精确计算则很困难.为此,借用《全国灌溉用水定额编制》的研究成果,采用作物灌溉用水"参照定额"、作物灌溉用水定额调节系数和作物用水定额计算式提出了一种区域节水灌溉的节水潜力简易计算方法,并以全国2010年节水灌溉发展规划的节水潜力作为算例,分析计算了规划目标年发展节水灌溉工程的节水潜力.     

玉米不同生育期水分胁迫指标

采用田间小区实验 ,通过对玉米不同生育期、不同土壤水分条件下叶水势、气孔导度、光合作用、植株蒸腾、生理生态状况及产量形成的观测试验 ,并在总结已有成果的基础上 ,分析研究了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标阈值 ,提出了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标 ,为节水灌溉与灌溉管理提供了科学、实用的依据。     

基于势场蚁群算法的移动机器人全局路径规划方法

针对移动机器人路径规划蚁群算法收敛速度慢和人工势场法易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种以栅格地图为环境模型,在蚁群算法搜索过程中加入针对具体问题的人工势场局部搜索寻优算法,将人工势场法中力因素转换为局部扩散信息素,使蚁群倾向于具有高适应值的子空间搜索,减少了蚁群算法在盲目搜索路径过程中产生的局部交叉路径及蚂蚁"迷失"数量,提高了蚁群对障碍物的预避障能力。对不同参数组合下2种算法及其它改进算法仿真结果做了比较,验证了基于势场蚁群算法的全局路径规划能够加快寻优过程且具有较强的搜索能力,收敛速度提高近1倍。     

新疆灌溉农业发展与节水潜力分析

分析了新疆灌溉农业的大发展及取得的成就，针对经济社会可持续发展对水资源有续利用的客观要求，对农业灌区的节水现状进行了探讨，并从地表水资源可利用量、输水系统节水潜力、平原水库增蓄水潜力及田间灌溉节水潜力等方面对灌溉用水的节水潜力问题进行了较全面的分析和研究。