Calcification of the intervertebral discs and curvature of the radius and ulna: a radiographic survey of Finnish miniature dachshunds

The vertebral column of 124 randomly selected miniature dachshunds, representing 4.5% of the population registered by the Finnish Kennel Club during the years 1988 to 1996, were radiographed. The front legs were also radiographed in order to evaluate the curvature of the radius and ulna. Calcified discs were found in 75.9% of the longhaired miniature dachshunds and in 86.7% of the wirehaired ones. The occurrence of signs associated with IDD was 16.5% in longhaired and 15.6% in wirehaired miniature dachshunds. The occurrence of signs of IDD in dogs with calcified discs was 20.0% and 17.9% in longhaired and wirehaired miniature dachshunds, respectively. In dogs without calcifications only one dog showed signs of IDD. The curvature of the radius and the ulna did not differ between the dogs with signs of IDD and the healthy ones, or between the dogs with and without intervertebral calcifications. Our results indicate that radiographic eradication based on the presence of intervertebral calcifications is not suitable for breeding purposes for the Finnish miniature dachshund population because the percentage of dogs without calcifications is small.     

甘蔗野生资源对蔗茅柄锈菌的抗性鉴定

采用人工接种喷雾法对国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的31份甘蔗野生资源材料进行了抗蔗茅柄锈菌(Puccinia erianthi Padw et Khan)的抗性鉴定。结果表明,31份材料中,高抗材料19份(61.3%),抗性材料3份(9.68%),中抗材料6份(19.36%),中感材料3份(9.68%)。其中斑茅种对蔗茅柄锈菌的抗病性较强,细茎野生种抗病性较差,较易感锈病。     

从配合力分析探讨甘蔗家系抗黑穗病的育种潜力

采用5×4不完全双列杂交设计选配的第1次无性种茎为试验材料,在人工浸渍接种黑穗病菌条件下,估算了9个亲本及其组合在新植蔗和宿根蔗的配合力效应。结果表明:①20个家系抗性差异较大,以CP67/412、ROCl为母本的半同胞家系表现较强抗病性,而以CP72/1210、CP65/357为母本的半同胞家系表现一定感病性;②甘蔗抗黑穗病遗传是由加性效应基因和非加性效应基因共同控制;③发现CP67/412、ROClgca效应值较高,CP57/614次之,均具有可作为抗源亲本的育种潜力,④根据配合力总效应值评价组合,认为CP67/412×崖84/153、ROCl×崖71/374、CP67/412×崖71/374、ROCl×崖84/153、CP67/412×崖73/512、CP57/614×崖84/153是抗黑穗病较强的组合,可用于今后抗黑穗病育种计划。     

乌骨鸡的研究进展及产品开发

论述了我国乌骨鸡的研究现状及其产品开发情况 ,旨在促进乌骨鸡养殖业的发展     

中国牧草新品种选育的回顾与展望

从 194 9年以来 ,中国牧草新品种选育已取得很大成就 ,到 2 0 0 0年底 ,经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的牧草新品种共计 90个。其中包括沙打旺、苦荬菜早熟品种 ,杂花苜蓿、红豆草抗寒品种 ,苜蓿抗霜霉病、柱花草抗炭疽病品种 ,苜蓿耐盐品种、耐牧根蘖型品种 ,白三叶抗旱耐热品种 ,小黑麦、多花黑麦草多倍体品种 ,青贮玉米、青贮高粱杂种一代品种 ,高粱与苏丹草杂交种等新品种。存在问题主要是育成品种数量少 ,不能满足生产多方面的需要 ;育种技术和方法有待进一步提高 ;良种繁育体系不健全 ,新品种扩繁缓慢 ,推广面积较小。展望 2 1世纪 ,我国牧草育种应从高产、优质、抗病虫和抗逆性几方面努力 ,培育出更多更好的新品种。建立和完善牧草种质资源保护体系、牧草育种体系和良种繁育体系 ,以加速我国牧草种子产业的发展     

草地早熟禾的选育研究与利用

内蒙古畜牧科学院草原所自 1985年以来 ,对从荷兰、美国、瑞典等国家引进的草地早熟禾 11个品种和国内采集的野生种进行了引种驯化 ,筛选出了瓦巴斯、凯达布鲁克茅 2个品种适应内蒙古地区的气候特点 ,是适宜推广种植的优良品种。利用国内野生种采用单株选择方法培育出了大青山草地早熟禾品种 ,它较原始群体抗性增强 ,叶量增加。目前已有较大的推广利用面积     

甘蔗优异育种材料的抗黑穗病鉴定

对43份甘蔗优异育种材料(品种)进行人工接种甘蔗黑穗病鉴定,测定其抗病性。结果表明:云蔗89-151、桂糖84-332、川宁78-111等25份材料为高抗,云蔗71-95和云蔗64-24为抗病,ROC9、云蔗90-174、云蔗91-510等10份材料为中等,云蔗68-154、闽糖86-877、桂糖11等8份材料感病。     

Privatization of Veterinary Services in Developing Countries: A Review

Increasing fiscal constraints on the government, a lackadaisical performance by public sector animal health and breeding services and pressure from donor partners have prompted the governments of various developing countries to rethink the role of the public sector in the provision of veterinary services. Various countries have started to implement, or have already implemented, privatization of some veterinary services. The results are mixed. It is established that private provision alone is not optimal, and a blend of private and public sector veterinary services is required to utilize the virtues of both.The privatization process has also begun in India. Certain state governments in India are pursuing a cost recovery approach and are encouraging private practitioners to cope with the financial constraints and to deliver broad and effective animal health and breeding services. This paper considers the global aspects of the privatization of veterinary services as well as the scenario in India, so as to gain an insight into the very complex and debatable issue of privatization of veterinary services.     

Pregnancy Rate in Zebu Cows with Two Different Postpartum Intervals Exposed to a Two-Bull Rotational System

In order to evaluate the reproductive effect of a rotational breeding system, the pregnancy rate of 69 Zebu cows was assessed, 32 late postpartum (211±93 days postpartum, LP) and 37 early postpartum (averaging 63±8 days after calving, EP). In the LP group, 60% (19/32) were cycling before exposure to the bulls but only 38% (14/37) in the EP group. The two groups were dissimilar from the start (p<0.05). The cows were exposed in a rotational breeding system, with six Brahman bulls with previous sexual experience paired off in three groups (A–B, C–D and E–F). The cows were exposed to each pair of bulls for a period of 3 weeks, with one week in between each period, when the females were without the presence of a male. In the LP group, the pair of bulls A–B obtained a pregnancy rate of 72% (23/32), whereas for bulls C–D the pregnancy rate was 33% (3/9) and for bulls E–F the pregnancy rate was 67% (4/6). In contrast, for the EP cows, bulls A–B obtained a pregnancy rate of 32% (12/37), bulls C–D a pregnancy rate of 67% (12/18) and for bulls E–F a pregnancy rate of 55% (6/11). The percentage pregnancy obtained using the pair of bulls A–B differed (p<0.05) between LP and EP, whereas for bulls C–D and E–F it was similar. The pregnancy rate was different (p<0.05) in the first 3 weeks of mating for the LP group, the highest number of cows becoming pregnant during the first 3 weeks of the study. In contrast, the highest number of pregnancies in EP occurred evenly during the last 6 weeks. This study suggests that the reproductive performance of pairs of bulls in a 9-week rotational programme with the overall pregnancy rate is similar (94% in the LP and 81% in the EP). However, the time taken for the females to become pregnant, and hence the performance of the bulls, is related to the average number of days postpartum for the cows.     

Simultaneous Flow Cytometric Analysis of Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity in Equine Leukocytes

This paper describes a method for simultaneously measuring phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in equine peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry. Opsonized propidium iodide-labelled Staphylococcus aureus (PI-Sa) was used to measure the uptake of bacteria by equine phacocytes and the oxidative burst activity by oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123. The requirements to achieve optimal activity of phagocytosis and oxidative burst are described. The advantage of the simultaneous technique is that it provides both independent and comparative values for phagocytosis and the oxidative burst, for the detection of impaired mechanisms of microbial destruction. Furthermore, the technique allows evaluation of opsonization activity in this context.