Studies on mutlispecific resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to benzimidazoles on dairy-goat farms

Multispecific resistance to benzimidazoles was studied in three selected farms. These farms had bred dairy goats for more than 15 years. The helminths were introduced with the goats at the establishment of the farms which afterwards remained isolated. Nematode resistance could then be related to their own management practices. Faecal egg count tests and egg hatch assays were performed to assess intensity of resistance. The generic (infective larvae in faecal cultures) and specific richness (adult worms) were assessed. The resistant species were Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Haemonchus contortus and Oesophagostomum venulosum. Faecal egg count reduction tests and egg-hatch assays did not match exactly. Faecal larval counts after treatments gave a distorted picture of multispecific resistance: Haemonchus and Oesophagostomum were very largely over represented. The number of species found in the three farms was relatively low compared with other reports in goat farms of the area. This reduction of diversity might also be due in part to characteristics of breeding management and history (use of permanent pasture and introduction of goats at the establishment of farm).     

中国结缕草属(Zoysia spp.)植物抗寒性评价

在广泛收集结缕草属(ZoysiaWild.)种质资源基础上,按照形态类型和地理分布,选取40份种质,采用电导法(EL)对其抗寒性进行初步评价。以半致死温度(LT50)为评价指标,在参试材料中除大穗结缕草和来自台湾岛海边沙地的沟叶结缕草外,其它种质都较天堂-419(对照)抗寒;在结缕草属内,抗寒性具有明显的种间差异,耐寒性依次为日本结缕草>中华结缕草>沟叶结缕草>细叶结缕草>长花中华结缕草>大穗结缕草,其中细叶类型的沟叶结缕草和细叶结缕草抗寒性变异较大;日本结缕草和中华结缕草抗寒性变异与地理分布之间没有显著关系,但分布在海边的种类和种质抗寒性明显较低;结缕草属及其中华结缕草的抗寒性与叶长、叶宽以及叶背面被毛之间均存在显著的负相关关系,但这种关系不体现在日本结缕草上。实验结果还表明,EL方法是评价结缕草属抗寒性较为可靠的方法之一。     

Evaluation of a combined penetrometer for simultaneous measurement of penetration resistance and soil water content

A combined penetrometer is an appropriate tool to measure the soil cone resistance and the water‐content profile. As a relatively new technique, a combined capacitance‐penetrometer for the simultaneous measurement of cone index and soil water content was developed at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of Bonn University in 2002. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness and applicability of the innovated penetrometer with a focus on three aspects: (1) A capacitance sensor with two electrode configurations was calibrated for silt loam, sandy loam, and sand. The calibration results show that both electrode configurations have sufficient water‐content sensitivity, but soil‐specific calibrations seem necessary. (2) Under laboratory conditions, the dynamic resolution and response of the capacitance‐penetrometer were validated, and its radius of influence was determined. (3) The field measurement results demonstrate that this measurement technique can be used to improve the interpretation quality of soil cone index data.     

Genetic diversity of herbicide-resistant and -susceptible Avena fatua populations in North Dakota and Minnesota

Genetic diversity within and among 20 herbicide-resistant (HR) and 16 herbicide-susceptible (HS) Avena fatua multi-field populations was determined using 82 polymorphic loci resulting from two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and one long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA (LP-RAPD) primer. Collections from the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota, sampled in 1964 and 2000, represented A. fatua populations before and after intensive exposure to herbicides. A 1995 collection from south-west North Dakota represented A. fatua exposed to low herbicide selection. Despite differences in years of herbicide exposure among collections, both HR and HS populations from every collection maintained nearly similar levels of ISSR and RAPD diversity. Genetic differentiation among populations (G_ST) varied from 11% to 13% among HR populations and from 9% to 16% among HS populations, indicating that 84–91% of total variation remained within HS or within HR populations. Minimal difference in gene diversity between HR and HS is consistent with multiple origins of resistance, where HR A. fatua most likely evolved from diverse founding individuals.     

Physiological Indices and Selection of Methods on Rapid Identification for Sweet Potato Drought Resistance

The relationships between the changes of relative water content （RWC）, malondialdehyde （MDA） contents, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and free proline contents in sweet potato leaves, and drought resistant ability under different concentration of polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment applied at rhizosphere of sweet potato seedlings were studied. A highly positive correlation between RWC and drought resistance （r =0.783, P〈0.01）, a highly negative correlation between MDA contents and drought resistance （r = -0.848, P〈0.01）, a highly positive correlation between SOD activity and drought resistance （r = 0.777, P〈0.01） was observed. Free proline contents in leaves was not related obviously to the sweet potato drought resistance under 25% PEG treatment. The stronger the drought resistance of variety, the less decrease of RWC and increase of MDA contents, the more increase of SOD activity. By determining these physiological indices in sweet potato leaves under 25% PEG treatment, rapid identification of drought resistant ability of different varieties can be obtained in the lab.     

6-BA诱导的过氧化氢酶及其在提高水稻抗寒力中的作用研究

6-BA可以显著提高水稻抗寒性。为了进一步明确6-BA诱导水稻抗寒机制,对6-BA及低温 诱导水稻的过氧化氢酶进行了研究。研究表明,过氧化氢酶可受6-BA诱导,并且在提高水稻抗寒力 中可能起重要作用。     

拮抗细菌Enterobacter cloaeae B8的一株抗菌素抗性突变体(英文)

为了研究拮抗细菌Enterobacter cloacae B8在野外水稻叶面上的定殖情况及拮抗作用,由自然选择和Tn5诱变从B8产生了一株抗菌素抗性突变体BX8.BX8能在含利福平达400μg/ml或卡那霉素达300μg/ml的LB培养基中生长.实验表明该抗菌素抗性的产生没有降低BX8的拮抗活性.该抗性比较稳定,在无抗菌素培养基中培养.BX8至少分裂生长60代内抗性不变.     

切屑卷曲的力学分析及其应用

在试验和理论分析的基础上，本文提出了复合卷曲的切屑比向上卷曲的切屑、当侧卷程度较大时比例向卷曲的切屑易于折断的观点，并且讨论了切屑产生复合卷曲及侧向卷曲的条件，这些对断屑槽的设计和使用有重要意义。     

23种广东常见阔叶树材的耐磨性质

本文报导23种广东常见阔叶树材的耐磨性试验结果,并对耐磨性与木材密度、硬度的关系及木材耐磨性各向异性问题作了讨论。     

Influence of death struggle on the structural changes in chub mackerel muscle during chilled storage

ABSTRACT: Chub mackerel (34–35 cm, approximately 500 g), which were caught by fishing with a rod and line at the Bungo Channel, Oita prefecture, were rested overnight in a fish preserve and either killed by decapitation (control group) or allowed to struggle in air for 30 min (struggled group). Muscle samples were excised every 4 h, and measurements on breaking strength and histological observations were done for both groups. The breaking strength of muscle in the control group was significantly higher than that in the struggled group, whereby a decrease in breaking strength was delayed for 12 h compared to the struggled group. Light microscopy showed space extension among muscle cells in association with a decrease in breaking strength. Especially in the struggled group, the extended area was larger and the difference in area was significant at the time when breaking strength showed a significant difference. Using electron microscopy, the extended area showed cut and/or disappeared collagen fibrils. From these results, it was demonstrated that struggling to death promoted the degradation of collagen fibrils and the weakening of connective tissue and, resultantly, led to the faster softening of muscle of chub mackerel.