一种应用镰刀菌酸快速鉴评瓜类枯萎病抗性的方法

【目的】针对瓜类枯萎病抗性鉴评现行方法普遍存在的费时费力等问题,建立了一种可替代尖孢镰孢菌进行黄瓜、苦瓜等瓜类枯萎病抗性鉴评的高效便捷方法,为瓜类乃至其他作物枯萎病抗性育种及抗性基础研究提供便利条件。【方法】以黄瓜、苦瓜分别为子叶平展作物和子叶不平展作物代表,选取对枯萎病菌和镰刀菌酸抗、感性状一致的黄瓜、苦瓜材料,用合适浓度的镰刀菌酸溶液处理子叶叶盘或第一片真叶,根据子叶叶盘和第一片真叶的褪绿表型鉴评瓜类枯萎病的抗感表型。【结果】在适当浓度的镰刀菌酸处理下,24 h 内抗、感枯萎病的黄瓜子叶叶盘和苦瓜真叶均出现不同程度的黄化和褪绿表型,感病材料黄化和褪绿的程度明显比抗病材料严重,与其枯萎病感 / 抗性状一致,根据颜色差异能够准确区分抗 / 感枯萎病的黄瓜、苦瓜材料及其 F2 分离群体中抗 / 感枯萎病的后代单株。【结论】镰刀菌酸处理可以用于黄瓜、苦瓜乃至其他作物枯萎病抗性的快速高效鉴评,尤其适用于对镰刀菌酸和尖孢镰孢菌抗感性状一致的作物材料。     

瓠瓜高山栽培品种比较试验

比较分析了2种类型的6个瓠瓜品种在杭州高山露地栽培条件下的生育期、商品性和产量等性状指标。试验结果表明,长棒形品种以浙蒲6号和越蒲2号综合性状优良,在杭州高山地区具有极大推广前景。中棒形品种以浙蒲8号商品性较好,但产量相对偏低,可通过进一步研究其配套栽培技术来提高产量促进推广应用;越蒲1号目前不适合杭州市场消费习惯,但产量高,可作为外销储备品种。     

苦瓜3种不同遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系研究

以14个苦瓜（白苦瓜、绿苦瓜和广西野生苦瓜）高世代自交系,配制出14个杂交组合,进行了苦瓜数量性状、蛋白质和ISSR分子标记3种遗传距离分析以及3种遗传距离与杂种优势之间关系的分析.结果表明：数量性状与蛋白质、ISSR分子标记遗传距离之间相关系数分别为0.8340和0.4532;蛋白质遗传距离与ISSR分子标记遗传距离的相关系数为0.5940;数量性状与蛋白质遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间均呈极显著直线回归关系;而ISSR分子标记遗传距离与产量杂种优势之间呈显著直线回归关系.     

长豇豆和丝瓜美洲斑潜蝇防治指标研究

连续自然接虫研究表明，长豇豆和丝瓜开花结实期美洲斑潜蝇产量损失与幼虫密度关系分别符合上列方程：Ｙ＝－０．０１１３８＋０．０００３５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９９５３）；Ｙ＝－０．００５５２７＋０．０００６１Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９６３４）。根据当前价格和防治费用等因素，得出两种蔬菜在开花结实期的美洲斑潜蝇幼虫防治指标分别为百株８８４－１０２９头和１７７２－１９４５头。     

早春设施大棚苦瓜品种比较试验

2013-2014年在设施大棚条件下,以玉云苦瓜为对照,对新翠、翠玉、雅秀、春晓1号、翡玉5个苦瓜品种进行对比试验。试验结果表明,新翠苦瓜早熟、商品性优、生长势强,产量达5 394.3 kg/667 m2,综合性状优于其他5个品种,是平和地区早春设施大棚大面积种植的首选品种。     

苦瓜皂甙降血糖功能的研究概况

苦瓜果实富含皂甙、多肽和活性蛋白等多种功效成分,现代药理研究证明,苦瓜皂甙具有降血糖、降血脂、抗癌、抗艾滋病、抑菌、抗氧化和增强免疫等功效。通过对苦瓜皂甙的开发,不仅为苦瓜产品的开发提供新的途径,也为人们的合理膳食提供素材。     

棉花黄萎病抗性鉴定新方法——无底塑钵菌液浇根法

通过一系列的试验 ,笔者发展了一种快速鉴定棉花品种抗黄萎病性能的新方法—无底塑钵菌液浇根法 ,此法比传统的纸钵撕底醺根法更简便 ,发病较轻 ,能准确客观地反映品种的抗性     

Genetic control of irregular striping, a new phenotype in Cucurbita pepo

Longitudinal striping of the fruit exterioris a common trait in Cucurbita pepo(pumpkin, squash, gourd). Striping occursas ten pairs of alternating dark and lightstripes that are regularly situated inaccordance with the ten sub-epidermalcarpellary vein tracts. Usually, the darkstripes occur in the central areas betweenthe vein tracts, with the light stripesoccupying the remainder of the fruitsurface. A new phenotype is described inwhich dark spots or streaks occur in thecentral areas between the vein tracts;these are usually accompanied by darkstreaks or stripes that occur adjacent toand over part or all of the length of someor all of the ten carpellary vein tracts. The inheritance of this irregular stripingpattern was studied by crossing anaccession that bred true for this phenotypewith a near-isogenic line havinglight-colored fruits. The resultsindicated that irregular striping isdominant to light coloration and isconferred by a single gene. Testcrossesfor allelism with regular striping wereprepared by crossing the irregularlystriped accession with near-isogenic lineshaving broad stripes, l-1 ^BSt/l-1 ^BSt, and narrowstripes, l-1 ^St/l-1 ^St. The testcross results revealed thatirregular striping is conferred by anallele at the l-1 locus, designatedl-1 ^iSt. The l-1 ^iStallele is dominant to light-colored (l-1), recessive to dark-colored (L-1), and can be co-dominant or recessiveto broad-striped (l-1 ^BSt) andnarrow-striped (l-1 ^St),depending on whether or not it is fullyexpressed. Dominance relationships at thel-1 locus can, therefore, berepresented as L-1 > (l-1 ^BSt > l-1 ^St) l-1 ^iSt > l-1.     

丝瓜伤流液对采后榆黄蘑呼吸及贮藏品质的影响研究

试验研究丝瓜伤流液对榆黄蘑的保鲜效果结果表明 ,用丝瓜伤流液作保鲜剂明显抑制榆黄蘑呼吸分解代谢 ,有效减缓菌盖开裂、褐变和失水。且有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果优于无棱丝瓜伤流液 ,以 75 %有棱丝瓜伤流液保鲜效果最佳     

Silicon nutrition of tomato and bitter gourd with special emphasis on silicon distribution in root fractions

Two plant species, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), were used for in‐depth studies on the dynamics of silicon (Si) uptake and translocation to the shoots and compartmentation of Si in the roots. The experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions, which were partly amended with 1 mM Si in the form of silicic acid. At harvest, xylem exudates were collected, and Si concentrations and biomass of roots and shoots were determined. Mass flow of Si was calculated based on the Si concentration of the nutrient solution and transpiration determined in a parallel experiment. Plant roots were subjected to a fractionated Si analysis, allowing attributing Si to different root compartments. Silicon concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots were higher in tomato but lower in bitter gourd. A more ready translocation from the roots to the shoots in bitter gourd was in agreement with Si concentrations in the xylem exudates which were higher than in the external solution. In tomato, the xylem‐sap Si concentration was lower than in the nutrient solution. Calculated Si mass flow to the root exceeded Si uptake in tomato, which was consistent with the measured accumulation of Si in the root water‐free space (WFS). In contrast, Si concentration in the root WFS was lower than in the nutrient solution in bitter gourd, reflecting the calculated Si depletion at the root surface based on the comparison of Si mass flow and Si uptake. Within the roots, more than 80% of the total Si was located in the cell wall and less than 10% in the cytoplasmic fractions in tomato. In bitter gourd, between 60% and 70% of the total root Si was attributed to the cell‐wall fraction whereas the proportion of the cytoplasmic fraction reached more than 30%. Our results clearly confirm that tomato belongs to the Si excluders and bitter gourd to the Si‐accumulator plant species for which high Si concentrations in the cytoplasmic root fraction appear to be characteristic.