“深圳读书月”的经验及对高校图书馆开展阅读工作的启示

文章归纳总结了＂深圳读书月＂活动成功举办的经验,提出了对高校图书馆开展阅读工作的一些建议。     

基于BP神经网络的塔里木河月流量预报研究

对水文历史数据采用规格化方法处理后用BP神经网络模拟训练,建立了神经网络预报模型,并应用实例验证神经网络模型,结果表明运用该神经网络模型预测具有可行性和实用性.月流量预报研究可为塔里木河流域水资源的合理利用以及水权目标管理提供科学依据.     

黑鮶控光育苗技术研究

利用体重1～4kg的怀仔黑亲鱼56尾,完全人工控制弱光,长流水、自然水温培育,共产仔272万尾。布池后,根据不同日龄投喂轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、配饵和糠虾,控制光照,调节水质,防病治病,及时疏稀,420m~3水体育出平均全长28.8mm的黑苗77.6万尾,总成活率30％。认为,全人工控制光源蓄养亲鱼,溢水法布池,夜间开灯少量投饵,效果较好。     

初产/经产及同居时间对NIH小鼠受孕率和剖腹产成活率的影响

采用2月龄NIH雌鼠283只,测算雌鼠妊娠期后,分为6组,研究经产/初产和同居时间(12,24,48h)两种因素对NIH小鼠受孕率和剖腹产成活率的影响。结果表明,NIH经产母鼠同居24h后第20天进行剖腹产手术成活率较高,经产鼠同居24h后受孕率较高。     

湖羊PLAG1基因5'调控区多态性及其与早期体重的关联分析

旨在克隆湖羊PLAG1基因5'调控区序列,明确PLAG1基因5'调控区多态性与湖羊早期体重的关系,寻找用于湖羊生长性状辅助选择的分子标记.本研究利用5'RACE技术鉴定PLAG1基因转录起始位点,以456只断奶湖羊为对象,利用测序法筛选PLA G1 5'调控区SNP位点,使用SPSS 18.0软件分析不同基因型对湖羊初...     

An abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by Peaton virus first occurred in Shikoku region,Japan

Peaton virus (PEAV) is a type of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, much like Akabane virus and Aino virus. These arboviruses cause stillbirth and congenital malformations of fetuses in ruminants. In Japan, abnormal birth in bovine caused by PEAV were reported in Okinawa, Kyushu, and Chugoku regions, but it has never been reported in Shikoku region. The abnormal birth occurred in 2020 in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku region) and suspected of being caused by PEAV from results of clinical signs, pathological findings, and virus neutralization test using PEAV. However, PEAV was not detected and isolated. This report describes the case of abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by PEAV first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan.     

Cellular composition of granulomatous lesions in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of goats during the first year after experimental infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes lesions in naturally and experimentally infected ruminants which greatly differ in severity, cellular composition and number of mycobacteria. Morphologically distinct lesions are already found during the clinically inapparent phase of infection. The complex local host response and number of MAP were characterized at the initial sites of lesions, organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue, in experimentally infected goats. Tissues were collected at 3, 6, 9 and 12 month post-inoculation (mpi) from goat kids that had orally received 10 times 10 mg of bacterial wet mass of MAP (JII-1961). The cellular composition of lesions in Peyer's patches in the jejunum and next to the ileocecal valve was evaluated in 21 MAP-inoculated goats, where lesions were compared with unaltered tissue of six control goats. CD68⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, γδ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells, MHC class II⁺ and CD25⁺ cells were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in serial cryostat sections.At 3 mpi, extensive granulomatous infiltrates predominated, consisting of numerous epitheloid cells admixed with many CD4 and γδ T lymphocytes. Only single MAP were detected. This indicates a strong cellular immune reaction able to control MAP infection. γδ T lymphocytes were markedly increased in this type of lesion which may reflect their important role early in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis. At 9 and 12 mpi, divergent lesions were observed which may reflect different outcomes of host–pathogen interactions. In five goats, minimal granulomatous lesions were surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and no MAP were detected by immunohistochemistry. This was interpreted as effective host response that was able to eliminate MAP locally. In three goats, decreased numbers of lymphocytes, but extensive granulomatous infiltrates with numerous epitheloid cells containing increased numbers of mycobacteria were seen. This shift of the immune response resulted in uncontrolled mycobacterial multiplication. Focal and multifocal circumscribed granulomatous infiltrates of mainly epitheloid cells may represent sites of new infection, since they were observed in goats at all times after inoculation. Their presence in goats with minimal granulomatous lesions surrounded by extensive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates may indicate that despite the local clearance, the infection may be perpetuated.The complex cellular immune reactions postulated for the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis were demonstrated at the local sites of infection. These early host–pathogen interactions are most likely essential for the eventual outcome of the MAP infection.     

Effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio in Macaca mulatta in Mount Taihangshan area

Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal investment to male and female offspring. However, a biased sex ratio requires explanations as to why the deviation occurs. Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate species and the Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) occupies the northern limit of all rhesus macaque natural populations worldwide. We observed one macaque troop (Wangwu‐1 [WW‐1]) inhabiting Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve and recorded all birth events and the sex of newborn macaques from 2004 to 2013. Our aim was to apply the Trivers–Willard hypothesis to this free‐ranging rhesus macaque troop, and to understand the relationship between climatic parameters (precipitation and temperature) and birth sex ratio. We found that the total newborn macaques showed a female‐biased sex ratio at birth in the WW‐1 troop, but there were no significant biased birth sex ratios in all matriarchs and in high‐ranking and middle‐ranking matrilineal units. However, the low‐ranking macaque matrilineal unit was significantly female‐biased. Moreover, we found that the annual precipitation of the previous year was positively associated with the birth sex ratio, and there was an interactive effect of troop size and current winter temperature on the birth sex ratio. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio could be complex, and we discuss several plausible explanations.     

波尔山羊PLAG1基因克隆、多态性鉴定及其与出生体重、体尺性状的关联分析

【目的】 试验旨在研究多形性腺瘤基因1（plemorphic adenoma gene 1,PLAG1）基因序列特征、多态性以及对山羊出生体重、体尺的影响。【方法】 以波尔山羊为研究对象,克隆PLAG1基因序列并测序,采用实时荧光定量PCR鉴定其在不同年龄和体重波尔山羊组织中的表达模式,采用Western blotting方法检测PLAG1在不同体重羔羊腿肌中的表达水平,进一步筛选PLAG1基因CDS和3'-UTR区SNP,并分析各位点不同基因型与波尔山羊出生体重、体尺的相关性。【结果】 波尔山羊PLAG1基因CDS全长1 500 bp,编码499个氨基酸,PLAG1蛋白相对保守。组织表达谱显示,PLAG1基因在出生体重较大的羔羊心脏、小肠和腿肌中表达水平显著或极显著高于出生体重较小的羔羊,在胎羊各组织中mRNA表达水平均显著或极显著高于成年母羊（P<0.05;P<0.01）;PLAG1蛋白在出生体重较大的羔羊腿肌中表达量极显著高于出生体重较小的羔羊（P<0.01）。在波尔山羊PLAG1基因3'-UTR区共筛选到6个SNPs位点,分别为：2664 A>G、2712 A>G、2721 T>C、2879 T>A、2990 A>T和3270 A>G。关联分析发现,2664 A>G位点AG基因型个体出生管围显著大于GG基因型（P<0.05）;2721 T>C位点TT基因型个体出生体长显著大于TC基因型（P<0.05）;2879 T>A位点TA基因型个体出生管围显著大于AA基因型（P<0.05）;2990 A>T位点AA基因型个体出生体重显著高于AT基因型（P<0.05）;3270 A>G位点GG基因型个体出生体长显著大于AA基因型,AG基因型个体出生胸围显著大于AA基因型（P<0.05）。【结论】 PLAG1基因在波尔山羊胎羊各组织中表达水平均高于成年母羊,发育早期的表达水平与出生羔羊体重相关。PLAG1基因可作为分子标记用于波尔山羊早期生长选育。     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P＜0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1~3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬季显著高于春、夏季(P＜0.05);从不同采精月龄对精液品质的影响来看,16~25月龄公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精间隔对精液品质的影响来看,4~5 d为最佳采精间隔,采精间隔过长会导致精子畸形率上升;从不同公猪总乳头数来看,乳头数13~16个时,各精液性状品质都处于中等水平,有利于公猪生产应用。3个品种各精液性状间稳定性趋势不一,杜洛克猪和大白猪精液体积和精子活力的稳定性均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度、精子畸形率和总精子数的稳定性均显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例的稳定性显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05)。各品种中,长白猪稳定性较差;各精液性状中,精子活力稳定性最好。【结论】品种、公猪出生胎次、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液品质,可根据不同品种公猪制定更完善的选择方案,提高精液质量,加速公猪遗传改良。