利用GGE双标图划分长江流域棉花纤维品质生态区

长江流域棉区棉纤维品质区域特征明显,合理划分纤维品质生态区有助于提高原棉品质和配棉效率。本研究采用GGE双标图的“环境-性状”功能图分析2000-2012年期间长江流域国家棉花品种区域试验中环境与纤维品质性状的互作模式,提出长江流域棉纤维品质生态区划分方案。结果表明,长江流域棉区可划分为“中等品质生态区”、“高长度与比强度生态区”和“低马克隆值生态区”。其中,长江流域中等纤维品质生态区涵盖湖北省江汉平原和鄂东南岗地棉区、河南省与湖北省交界的南襄盆地棉区、湖南省环洞庭湖东部和西部棉区、江西省环鄱阳湖棉区、安徽省沿江与江淮棉区、江苏省宁镇丘陵与沿江棉区和浙江省沿海棉区,纤维品质较好,代表了长江流域的总体水平;高长度与比强度生态区位于湖南省环洞庭湖北部滨湖沃土棉区,纤维长度和比强度优良,而马克隆值偏高;低马克隆值生态区涵盖长江流域最西边海拔较高的棉花熟期早长势较弱的四川丘陵棉区和最东边土壤含盐度较高且棉花长势较弱的江苏沿海棉区,纤维马克隆值达到B级水平,为长江流域马克隆值最好的区域,但纤维比强度水平一般。本研究充分展示了GGE双标图的“环境-性状”功能图在纤维品质生态区划分方面的应用效果,可为长江流域棉花区域化种植和纺织企业合理用棉提供决策支持,也为其他棉区和作物生态区划分研究提供参考。     

Genotype by environment interactions of heat stress disorder resistance in crisphead lettuce

Lettuce is a cool season crop susceptible to physiological disorders when exposed to supra optimal temperatures. Genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction (GE) of rib discolouration, tipburn, premature bolting and ribbiness in crisphead lettuce was characterized under high temperature and long day growing conditions. Replicated data of 10 crisphead lettuce varieties from two plantings in each of four growing seasons at two locations in Quebec were analysed using the GGE biplot method. Head-weight-over-stem-length ratio, ribbiness, rib discolouration incidence and tipburn incidence were affected (P = 0.00001) by E, G and GE. E explained more variation in head-weight-over-stem-length ratio (77.1%) and rib discolouration incidence (77.3%) than G and GE, whereas GE explained more variation (72.4%) in tipburn incidence and G explained more variation (38%) in ribbiness. Strong crossover GE was detected with rib discolouration and tipburn incidence, but not with head-weight-over-stem-length ratio and ribbiness. Under heat stress, varieties of the Vanguard group had lower ribbiness than those of the Great Lakes group. Cultivar 'Estival' showed consistent resistance to bolting, ribbiness, tipburn and rib discolouration across all E.     

AMMI模型和GGE双标图法在新疆冬小麦区域试验产量分析上的应用

[目的]客观、准确评价区域试验中冬小麦新品系的丰产性和稳定性,探明适合新疆冬小麦区域试验分析的统计模型.[方法]利用AMMI模型和GGE双标图分析2010、2011年北疆冬小麦区域试验中5个试点、12个新品系的产量结果.[结果]基因型、环境及基因型×环境互作的平方和分别占总平方和的6.96;、32.62;和26.82;,均达到极显著水平.通过模型分析,垦冬杂1号和垦冬00(2)号具有较好的稳产性和丰产性,适合在伊宁、塔城和奇台等地区种植;08/7148在安宁渠点和塔城地区种植可获得高产.同时,GGE双标图对新品系丰产性分析结果与田间试验结果趋于一致,相对于AMMI模型能够直观、简单提供新品系的稳定性和适种区域.[结论]GGE双标图法比较适合分析北疆冬小麦区域试验的结果.     

Evaluation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) single cross hybrids under heat stress condition

Sunflower is an important oilseed crop, which shows susceptibility to heat stress. In this study, 63 single cross hybrids were evaluated under heat stress condition for 2 years and compared with the two commercial hybrids. Genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) was used to differentiate single cross hybrids on the basis of multiple traits. GGE biplot showed that several single cross hybrids had higher seed yield potential than standard check. Moreover, seed yield per plant (SYP) was related to pollen viability percentage, showing that achene yield was the product of high gametophytic fertility under heat stress. Hybrids having high seed yield potential under heat stress had lower cell membrane injury. GGE biplot for SYP and its components showed that single cross hybrids were characterized into two major groups. Group I was further characterized into two sub group. Group Ia included hybrids with high 100-SW, while group Ib had the hybrids with high number of seeds per head and head diameter. Group II had the hybrids with high kernel weight and kernel to seed ratio. The hybrids could be recommended according to their potential utilization in the seed industry.     

用GGE双标图分析燕麦区域试验品系产量稳定性及试点代表性

为准确评价燕麦品系的稳产性和适应性,采用GGE双标图对2006—2008年国家燕麦区域试验10个试点的12个裸燕麦品系及6个参试地点的6个皮燕麦品系试验数据进行分析。结果显示,坝莜8号、坝莜3号和张燕2号属于高产、稳产性较好的品系;科燕1号和保罗具有特殊适应性,在局部地区有推广价值。在10个裸燕麦试点中,河北张北最具有代表性,吉林白城、新疆乌鲁木齐、河北崇礼、宁夏固原和内蒙古武川的鉴别力较好,而甘肃会宁和山西右玉的鉴别力较差。在6个皮燕麦试点中,内蒙古武川最具有代表性,青海西宁的鉴别力最好,河北张北的鉴别力较差。本研究为客观评价燕麦参试品系的高产性及稳产性提供了简便、有效的分析手段,也为国家燕麦品种鉴定与推广提供了依据。     

基于GGE双标图和比强度选择的棉花品种生态区划分

由于农作物品种区域试验是品种审定和推广应用的前提,而区域试验中基因型与环境的互作效应是普遍存在的,因而探索和利用试验环境在鉴别基因型遗传差异和对品种在目标环境中的平均表现代表性方面的作用以辅助品种选育和推广的问题,越来越受到植物育种家和农技推广人员的高度关注。我们采用GGE双标图分析方法对2000—2010年期间27组长江流域国家级棉花品种区域试验的目标环境中可能存在的基于棉纤维比强度选择的品种生态区进行探索与划分,并对品种生态区划分结果进行信息比(IR)校正,以提高品种生态区划分的可靠性。结果表明:(1)基于纤维比强度选择的GGE双标图分析的总体有效拟合度为68.4%,其中有13次出现过度拟合或拟合不充分现象,总体拟合可靠性一般。而基于IR-GGE模型的总体拟合度为73.7%,比GGE双标图的有效拟合度提高6.0%,说明采用IR对双标图分析的结果进行优化和校正可以提高品种生态区划分的可靠性。(2)根据GGE双标图分析结果,我国长江流域棉区大致可划分为4个基于纤维比强度选择的品种生态区,第1个品种生态区包括安庆、襄樊、南通和岳阳,第2个品种生态区包括常德、九江和武汉,第3个品种生态区包括慈溪、南京、黄冈、荆州和盐城,第4个品种生态区包括南阳、简阳和射洪。而基于IR较正的GGE模型则可划分为3个品种生态区:第1个为主体品种生态区,包括安庆、武汉、九江、襄樊、南阳、岳阳、常德、黄冈、荆州、南京和慈溪11个试验点,第2个品种生态区包括南通和简阳,第3个品种生态区包括盐城和射洪。IR校正后长江流域棉区的品种生态区划分更准确可靠,地理区域特性也更明显,说明地理环境因素对纤维比强度的选择效果仍然有很大的影响力,四川盆地棉区和江苏沿海棉区并不适宜开展针对整个长江流域棉区的广适性棉花纤维比强度选择,从而为长江流域棉区棉花纤维比强度的选择和推荐策略提供了科学的决策依据。     

基于GYT双标图对西北内陆棉区国审棉花品种的分类评价

西北内陆棉区是我国最重要的主产棉区,对该棉区历年国审棉花品种进行科学分类和综合评价有利于国审品种资源的合理利用和棉花生产效率的提升。本研究采用GYT双标图分析对2003—2019年期间西北内陆棉区37个国审棉花品种的产量与霜前花率、纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、枯萎病指数和黄萎病指数等性状的组合水平进行了综合分析和品种分类评价。结果表明,西北内陆棉区37个国审棉花品种可划分为3个特征明显的品种类型。其中,I型品种包括新陆早13号、中棉所49、新陆早21号、巴13222、新46、天云0769、Z1112、新石K18、J206-5、新石K21、禾棉A9-9、创棉508、H33-1-4、金科20、新K28、创棉512和J8031等17个品种,是产量与其余性状组合协调最好的品种类型,在生产上推广应用价值最高。II型品种产量和纤维品质表现一般,抗病性差,在当前生产上应用价值有限。III型品种的抗枯萎病性表现最好,但在其余性状上表现略差,综合生产应用价值有限,也许可作为抗病亲本应用。同时,根据各品种的理想指数筛选出创棉512、J8031、新K28、H33-1-4、金科20、新陆早13号和创棉508等综合表现优良的品种,也鉴别出新陆棉1号、新陆早33号、创棉501号和新陆早51号等综合表现相对略差的品种。本研究采用的GYT双标图分析方法是基于“产量-性状”组合水平对品种进行综合评价和分类研究,产量-性状组合之间的相关关系更加简单,多数组合间表现显著正相关,更适用于品种的多性状直观选择和综合评价,通常比先前的GT双标图解释的变异比率高,双标图模型拟合度更好,结果更可靠。本研究采用GYT双标图分析方法对西北内陆棉区国审品种的分类研究揭示了该棉区国审棉花品种的分类特征和应用价值,为本区的国家棉花品种试验审定提供了借鉴,也为其他作物品种的类似研究提供了范例。     

Tomato fruit quality as influenced by the interactions between agricultural techniques and harvesting period

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is an important crop in terms of its economic and nutritional value. Many factors, including cultivar, climate, geography, geochemistry, and agricultural practice, can affect its nutrient concentrations. An HJ‐biplot study was performed to examine the effects of cultivar (Dorothy, Boludo, Dominique, Thomas, and Dunkan), agricultural practices, climatic factors, and their interactions. Significant differences were analyzed using a one‐way ANOVA. All samples were collected and assayed at the same degree of ripeness. In the conventional and organic tomato samples, those harvested from December to April had the highest concentrations of fructose, glucose, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, protein, Na, and Mg, while those harvested in October had the highest concentrations of lycopene and hydroxycinnamic acid. There were high concentrations of Ca, P, Zn, and Cu in the no‐soil tomatoes. Conventional and organic cultivation practices showed similar results with respect to the collection period, both presenting high organic compound concentrations, while high mineral concentrations seemed to correspond to the no‐soil practice. No clear pattern was observed among the different cultivars, perhaps due to all the samples having been collected at the same degree of ripeness.     

品种筛选多环境测试作图分析方法

作图分析是挖掘品种多环境测试信息的有效手段。为充分挖掘测试信息,高效而准确地实现品种评价、筛选与预测这一目标,有必要引进更多可适用众多性状、易于理解和使用的直观作图分析方法。该研究根据近年分析品种多环境测试的经验,提出3种作图分析方法——雷达图、蜡烛图和条件格式,以国家玉米品种区试数据为例,对3种作图方法的使用进行分析。结果表明：3种方法均为适用于品种多环境测试数据的有效作图分析方法,对不同观测性状均可适用,并易于理解和使用;雷达图有助于多指标综合分析,包括品种或环境的认知度、一致性分析,以及品种的筛选和对比;蜡烛图有助于单指标的详细对比和规律挖掘,如试点区辨力、品种稳定性与优异性规律等;条件格式则是数据浏览与直观表达的结合。应用3种作图方法可提高多环境测试的决策效率。