生防菌剂在烟草青枯病防治中的应用

通过大田对比试验,研究了生防菌剂XE01对烟草青枯病的防治效果。结果表明,生防菌制剂XE01较目前使用的农用链霉素在防治烟草青枯病上更具优势,能有效降低烟草青枯病发病几率和发病程度,防效较72%农用硫酸链霉素提高13.39个百分点;在一定程度上提高烟叶产量和质量,产量较72%农用硫酸链霉素和空白对照区增加1.71%和7.60%,上等烟比例分别增加2.36、5.49个百分点,上中烟比例分别增加0.28、10.01个百分点,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

Triptolide ameliorates Crohn's colitis is associated with inhibition of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway

Growing evidence suggests that TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We have reported that triptolide, an active component from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, showed therapeutic activity in IL-10-deficeint (IL-10⁻/⁻) mice, a murine CD model. However the full mechanisms of action of this agent in CD remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that triptolide would ameliorate the experimental colitis by inhibiting TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway. We found TLR2 and TLR4 were upregulated in IL-10⁻/⁻ mice, triptolide inhibited the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. In addition, triptolide in vitro was able to downregulate the TLRs/NF-κB pathway in cultured colonic explants from CD patients. Our results confirm the therapeutic effect of triptolide in experimental colitis, and suggest it as a promising compound for CD treatment. These findings also support the possibility that targeted inhibition of TLR signaling pathway is an approach deserving further investigation as a therapeutic strategy for CD.     

甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的防效

为减少化学农药在稻田的使用,在四川新都进行了2种生物农药混配制剂〖CD*2〗甜核·苏云菌防治水稻二化螟试验和示范。结果表明：采用PB 16手动喷雾器防治试验,甜核·苏云菌对水稻二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为98.0%、99.56%和99.29%,采用东〖CD*2〗18机动喷雾器喷雾示范,甜核·苏云菌对二化螟的枯心、白穗和虫伤株的防治效果分别为96.44%、97.83%和96.69%,效果良好,可以在大面积生产中推广应用。     

Sinulolides A–H,New Cyclopentenone and Butenolide Derivatives from Soft Coral Sinularia sp.

Eight new compounds, sinulolides A–H (1–8), along with two known compounds, α-methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-butenolide (9) and sinularone D (10), were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations were determined on the basis of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. Compounds 5 and 10 exhibited moderate effects for the inhibition of NF-κB activation.     

生防菌B9601的防治效果研究

该研究测定了生防菌株B9601对29个丝状真菌抑制效果及对部分植物病害的防治作用,为了明确该菌株的作用机理,开展了抑菌活性物质的初步试验。结果表明,该菌株对大部分供试的病原真菌及木霉菌有极显著抑制作用,对食用菌污染菌的曲霉菌,棉花黄萎病菌及对食用菌平菇,裂褶菌无抑制作用,对食用菌香菇和金针菇有部分抑制作用。对辣椒疫病预防作用优于治病作用,同时早期治疗的效果优于晚期治疗效果,抑菌活性物质测定试验证明：B9601分泌的活性物质对油菜菌核病原菌和烟草赤星病病原真菌具有96%以上的抑制作用,但当温度达100℃以上0.5h,其活性明显降低。     

Novel marine phenazines as potential cancer chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents

Two new (1 and 2) and one known phenazine derivative (lavanducyanin, 3) were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. (strain CNS284). In mammalian cell culture studies, compounds 1, 2 and 3 inhibited TNF-α-induced NFκB activity (IC₅₀ values of 4.1, 24.2, and 16.3 μM, respectively) and LPS-induced nitric oxide production (IC₅₀ values of >48.6, 15.1, and 8.0 μM, respectively). PGE₂ production was blocked with greater efficacy (IC₅₀ values of 7.5, 0.89, and 0.63 μM, respectively), possibly due to inhibition of cyclooxygenases in addition to the expression of COX-2. Treatment of cultured HL-60 cells led to dose-dependent accumulation in the subG1 compartment of the cell cycle, as a result of apoptosis. These data provide greater insight on the biological potential of phenazine derivatives, and some guidance on how various substituents may alter potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.     

New Cembrane Diterpenoids from a Hainan Soft Coral Sinularia sp

Five new cembrane diterpenoids, named sinuflexibilins A–E (1–5), along with nine other known diterpenoids (6–14), have been isolated from the organic extract of a Hainan soft coral Sinularia sp. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those of related metabolites. Compound 13, flexibilide, exhibited significant inhibitory activity of NF-κB activation using the cell-based HEK293 NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay.     

Molecular characterization,inductive expression and mechanism of interleukin‐10 gene induction in the Indian major carp,catla (Catla catla)

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a multifunctional cytokine and plays an important role in diseases. In this study, IL‐10 gene was cloned and characterized from catla (Catla catla), which is a highly commercially important fish species in the Indian subcontinent. The result indicated that the full‐length catla IL‐10 (cIL‐10) gene had five exons and four introns with an open reading frame of 540 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 179 amino acids. A phylogenetic analysis of cIL‐10 gene sequence showed that cIL‐10 clustered with freshwater carps group as expected. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that cIL‐10 was expressed in gill, liver, kidney, intestine, skin and heart and its expression profile was up‐regulated in bacterial infection and LPS treatment. A close relationship of high cIL‐10 expression and low pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β expression was observed in the treated group of fish, which might reveal the role of cIL‐10 as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine. Mechanism of cIL‐10 induction was investigated by blocking nuclear factor (NF)‐κB ‐signalling with BAY 11‐7082 in catla kidney cell culture. Blocking NF‐κB suppressed IL‐10 induction by LPS, and thus it revealed that cIL‐10 was induced through NF‐κB signalling. These data could be helpful to understand the function of IL‐10 in fish in response to vaccinations, probiotics and various diseases.     

梨小食心虫的天敌资源

对文献资料中的梨小食心虫天敌和山西太谷县主要果品产区的天敌资源进行了调查,查明梨小食心虫天敌共255种,其中,寄生性252种(中国48种),捕食性3种,分属昆虫纲(膜翅目、双翅目、缨翅目、鞘翅目)和蛛形纲(蜱螨目),共5个目20个科,具有应用潜力的天敌昆虫7种,已经成功应用于生产中的天敌昆虫5种;山西省分布共10种,均为膜翅目寄生性天敌,在太谷县分布有3种,其中,齿腿姬蜂属(Pris-tomerus sp.)和瘤姬蜂属(Pimplini sp.)可以与梨小食心虫同时羽化。     

化学杀菌剂和生防菌对棉花黄萎病联合作用机制研究

为了研究化学药物和生防菌对棉花黄萎病联合作用机制,将绿色木霉菌与多菌灵等化学药物结合使用,通过检测棉花过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶含量与棉花黄萎病发生之间的关系表明,绿色木霉菌与多菌灵防治棉花黄萎病有协同作用,而五氯硝基苯和利福平与绿色木霉菌则没有协同作用,从而为生物防治和化学防治的结合找到理论依据.