H2O2对葡萄离体叶片白藜芦醇的诱导作用

[目的]葡萄叶片白藜芦醇含量较虎杖根含量低,难以作为药用提取用途,研究采用诱导剂升高葡萄离体叶片中白藜芦醇的含量.[方法]实验采用H2O2对离体红地球葡萄叶片进行诱导,采用薄层及高效液相色谱法分析白藜芦醇的含量变化,并使用RT - PCR方法分析茋合酶基因(STS)的表达量变化.[结果]H2O2对离体叶片茋类物质具有显著的诱导作用,诱导白藜芦醇的积累呈现显著的量时依赖性;5;H2O2处理48 h后叶片白藜芦醇含量可提高15倍以上,鲜重达到263 μg/g.[结论]H2O2可以作为葡萄离体叶片白藜芦醇的有效诱导剂.     

Transformation a mutant Monochoria vaginalis acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene renders Arabidopsis thaliana resistant to ALS inhibitors

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes from Monochoria vaginalis resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes against ALS inhibitors found in Korea revealed a single amino acid substitution of Proline (CCT), at 169th position based on the M. vaginalis ALS sequence numbering, to serine (TCT) in conserved domain A of the gene (equal to the proline 197 in Arabidopsis thaliana ALS gene sequence). A. thaliana plants transformed with the single mutated (Pro₁₆₉ to Ser) M. vaginalis ALS gene (including transit signal peptide) showed cross-resistance patterns to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, like as sulfonylurea-herbicide bensulfuron methyl (R/S factor of 9.5), imidazolinone-herbicide imazapyr (R/S factor of 5.1), and triazolopyrimidine-herbicide flumetsulam (R/S factor of 17.6) when measuring hypocotyls’ length of A. thaliana. The ALS activity from the transgenic A. thaliana plants confirmed the cross-resistance pattern to these herbicides like as R/S factor of 8.3 to bensulfuron methyl, 2.3 to imazapyr, and 13.2 to flumetsulam.     

参与紫云英共生固氮的1个上调表达结瘤素基因AsB6的分离与鉴定

基于接种华癸中慢生根瘤菌(Mesorhizobiumhuakuii)7653R的紫云英(Astragalus sinicusL.)感染根与未接种对照根在转录水平上的差异,利用抑制差减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH),建立了紫云英结瘤固氮过程中的差异表达cDNA文库,共获得527个有效克隆,其中增强或特异性表达的上调文库中包含341个克隆,抑制表达的下调文库包含186个克隆。对其中的1个上调表达cDNA克隆AsB6利用RACE(rapid amplification of cDNAends)方法获得了其基因全长序列,利用BLAST在线软件和GenBank,Gen-Bank EST和Tigr Porcine EST等数据库进行同源序列比较,表明AsB6与苜蓿的β-酮酯酰合成酶及依赖于SAM(S-adenosgl methiomine,S-腺苷蛋氨酸)的羧甲基转移酶具有66%的同源性,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR研究了该基因的时空表达特征。结果显示,接种根瘤菌7653R后,在紫云英感染根和根瘤中该基因的表达量显著增强,且在接种后根瘤形成早期和固氮中晚期表达...     

寒地超级稻SS酶、ADPG焦磷酸化酶及光合特性与灌浆速率关系研究

试验对黑龙江省寒地超级稻品种松粳9号的蔗糖合成酶、ADPG焦磷酸化酶、光合特性及其与灌浆速率的关系进行了研究。结果表明:籽粒ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性、蔗糖合成酶活性与灌浆速率极显著正相关,功能叶蔗糖合成酶活性和RuBP羧化酶活性、净光合速率与灌浆速率分别呈显著正相关和极显著正相关,高产寒地超级稻品种松粳9号的酶活性与净光合速率均高于常规品种松粳6号,且差异达极显著水平。将蔗糖合成酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶、RuBP羧化酶活性、净光合速率的高低作为超级稻品种选育的生理指标是可行的。     

几种植物白藜芦醇合酶基因保守序列的克隆与分析

根据GenBank中登录的一些植物的白藜芦醇合酶基因(resveratrol synthase,RS)保守序列设计引物,采用PCR技术从葡萄科植物(蛇葡萄、三叶爬山虎、五叶爬山虎和云南爬山虎)、桑科植物(桑树)和豆科植物(花生)的幼嫩叶片中扩增出该基因的DNA片段。测序结果表明,片段长635 bp,6个片段均不含内含子,分别编码211个氨基酸,均包含白藜芦醇合酶基因的特异片段和芪合酶(stilbene synthase,STS)家族特异性信号序列。     

不同氮素水平对甜菜氮代谢酶和可溶性蛋白含量的影响

为了筛选合适的氮素施用量,研究氮素营养和氮素同化关键酶的关系,以尿素为氮源,采用HI003为试材,研究了不同的施氮水平对甜菜叶片、块根中可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响。结果表明：叶片中,硝酸还原酶的活性随着施氮水平的提高而增加,但是超过 200 kg/hm²酶活性下降;块根中硝酸还原酶活性在0~120 kg/hm²随着施氮量增加而上升,超过 160 kg/hm²酶活力下降。叶片、块根中,整个生育期施氮肥处理增加了谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。试验中发现施氮量和生育期早期的叶片中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性呈显著正相关。施氮量和甜菜叶片可溶性蛋白含量在7月15日和9月15日呈显著正相关;在生育期内,氮素水平和块根中的可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著正相关。     

可可蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因家族进化及组织表达分析

在高等植物中,蔗糖磷酸合成酶（Sucrose phosphate synthase,SPS）是蔗糖合成的限速酶。在多种植物中都发现了SPS基因,而可可中尚未见相关报道。通过分析可可基因组数据库,鉴定出4个SPS候选基因,依次命名为TcSPS1、TcSPS2、TcSPS3和TcSPS4。4个基因的编码区（CDS）长度在3 075~3 228 bp之间,外显子数目为12~14,预测蛋白的平均分子量为118.15 ku,等电点均小于7。进化分析结果表明SPS基因家族分成3个亚族;TcSPS1和TcSPS2属于ClassⅠ亚族,TcSPS3和TcSPS4分别属于ClassⅡ亚族和ClassⅢ亚族。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,TcSPS1与TcSPS2在树皮和果实中高量表达,TcSPS3和TcSPS4主要在叶片中表达。伴随着叶片和花蕾生长发育,各TcSPS基因表达量均呈现出上升的趋势,表明其与主要光合产物--蔗糖的合成或再合成有密切联系,参与可可“源库”器官中光合产物分配。     

Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Organs of Stramonita haemastoma: Protein Distribution and Gene Expression in Response to Thermal Stress

Nitric oxide (NO) is generated via the oxidation of l-arginine by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) both in vertebrates and invertebrates. Three NOS isoforms, nNOS, iNOS and eNOS, are known in vertebrates, whereas a single NOS isoform is usually expressed in invertebrates, sharing structural and functional characteristics with nNOS or iNOS depending on the species. The present paper is focused on the constitutive Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent nNOS recently sequenced by our group in the neogastropod Stramonita haemastoma (ShNOS). In this paper we provide new data on cellular distribution of ShNOS in the CNS (pedal ganglion) and peripheral organs (osphradium, tentacle, eye and foot) obtained by WB, IF, CM and NADPHd. Results demonstrated that NOS-like proteins are widely expressed in sensory receptor elements, neurons and epithelial cells. The detailed study of NOS distribution in peripheral and central neurons suggested that NOS is both intracellular and presynaptically located. Present findings confirm that NO may have a key role in the central neuronal circuits of gastropods and in sensory perception. The physiological relevance of NOS enzymes in the same organs was suggested by thermal stress experiments demonstrating that the constitutive expression of ShNOS is modulated in a time- and organ-dependent manner in response to environmental stressors.