我国柿子加工研究进展

柿子有很高的营养与药用价值,综述了我国柿子加工的研究进展,为柿产品的开发和研究提供参考。     

涩柿资源果实CO2脱涩难易及其与表型、内含物相关性

为阐明涩柿的果实因素(例如品种差异、果实大小、成熟度等)对CO_2脱涩效果的影响,首先对比了25和30℃条件下柿果实CO_2脱涩效果的差异,发现两者差异不显著,然后在25℃条件下利用体积浓度为90%的CO_2对60份涩柿资源的果实进行脱涩处理,并对其脱涩难易程度、耐贮性、表型指标和内含物含量等进行了测定评价。结果表明:60份资源按照果实脱涩难易可分为4类,最易脱涩的资源共30份,其果实经CO_2处理24h即可脱涩;按果实耐贮性,60份资源可分别被聚为5类。相关性分析表明果实体积、成熟度与脱涩难易性呈显著正相关,而与耐贮性呈显著负相关,可溶性固形物含量与脱涩难易呈显著负相关,总酚、黄酮、单宁含量与脱涩难易相关性不显著。选出易脱涩且耐贮存资源6份、果实体积较大且较易脱涩资源11份、果实体积较大且较耐贮存资源8份,果实体积越大、成熟度越高、可溶性固形物含量越低的品种,其脱涩普遍越容易,但果实体积越大,其硬度变化越快,越不耐贮存,因此在大果、易脱涩和耐贮存性的选择上需要作出权衡。     

6-BA对甜柿果皮色素的影响

研究了不同浓度的6-BA处理甜柿品种"禅寺丸"、"次郎"果实对果皮色素的影响,结果表明:6-BA处理甜柿果实提高了果皮叶绿素含量,采收时延迟退绿;提高叶绿素与类胡萝卜素的比值;在着色期提高果皮花青素含量,浓度愈大其促进作用就越大;对果皮类胡萝卜素含量影响不大。     

Improvement in the in vitro Digestibility of Shrimp Meal by the Addition of Persimmon Peel

The present study was conducted to analyze the chemical properties of persimmon peel (PP) and the in vitro digestibility of shrimp meal (SM) diets containing PP. Discussions whether PP can be used as a feed additive to promote digestion of SM in chickens are also included. The chemical composition and chitinase activity of dried PP was studied. SM diets containing PP were formulated according to the 4 by 6 factorial design: 4 levels of SM (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) × 6 levels of PP (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). The in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD), crude protein (IVCPD), and chitin (IVCD) was also studied. PP was rich in nitrogen-free extract (NFE, about 74%) and tannin (2.8%), and the highest chitinase activity of PP was observed at pH 4.5. Approximately 50% of chitinase activity was also observed at acidic (3.0) and alkaline (8.0) pH. Its activity was slightly affected by pepsin treatment. IVDMD increased upon addition of up to 8% PP, but decreased with an increase in the level of SM. When PP level was increased up to 6%, IVCPD in the group containing 0% SM, changed slightly; however, an increasing trend was observed in the other groups. When PP level was more than 6%, IVCPD decreased in all the groups. IVCD increased dose-dependently with increasing level of PP and decreased with increasing level of SM. In conclusion, PP was rich in NFE, had high chitinase activity, and improved all digestibility parameters, such as IVDMD, IVCPD, and IVCD, in SM diets where the PP level was under 6%. Thus, up to 6% of PP can be safely included in SM diets as a digestion promoter.     

冷藏处理对磨盘柿保鲜效果的影响

对天津蓟县磨盘柿进行冷藏保鲜效果试验。结果表明,在（0±0．5）℃低温条件下,柿果贮藏30天时出现一个小的呼吸高峰值;在贮藏80天内,乙烯生成速率始终呈缓慢上升趋势,而硬度随时间推移呈线性下降。贮藏初期,柿果中可溶性单宁含量急剧下降,贮到66天时其含量已降到0．02％,低于果实的涩味阈值。维生素C含量在贮藏初期20天内明显上升达到高峰值,以后总趋势呈逐渐降低。试验同时发现,在20℃条件下磨盘柿具有典型的呼吸跃变现象。     

土壤干旱对君迁子幼树枝叶生长及几个生理指标的影响

在土壤干旱处理条件下,对盆栽3年生幼树枝叶生长和超氧化物歧化酶,过氧化氢酶,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛测定,结果表明,土壤干旱明显抑制君迁子幼树枝叶生长速率,降低超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,诱发细胞脂质过氧化作用,导致细胞液大量外漏,用土壤反复于旱法确定出君迁子幼树的暂时萎蔫土壤相对含水量和永久萎蔫土壤含水量(相对)为(4.98±0.26)％和(3.99±0.19)％,塑料薄膜包盆可明显提高君迁子幼树的枝叶生长速率.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性,降低细胞脂质过氧化作用.     

甜柿先高墩后高垄防涝栽培技术

根据云南保山甜柿种植环境和雨季易发生涝灾的特点,提出先高墩后高垄防涝栽培技术,并对该技术作详细介绍。     

柿果贮藏保鲜技术的应用

论述了当前几种柿果贮藏保鲜技术生产与研究的现状,并分别就其进行了比较和分析,总结出各自的发展方向及系统的柿果贮藏保鲜技术工艺。     

柿的吸附与解吸等温线

柿吸附与解吸等温线是指导干制柿饼及其产品贮藏的重要依据。本文利用密闭容器中不同温度下饱和盐溶液上方相对湿度不同的原理，采用微型风机使气流流动的动力学方法测定温度２０℃和３０℃时，柿吸附与解吸等温线，根据研究结果提出了柿饼的最佳含水量为２１％－２７％。     

基于激光图像次郎甜柿可溶性固形物含量检测

利用波长650 nm、功率13.25 mW的半导体激光照射贮藏期的次郎柿表面,并采集激光光斑特征响应区域图像。通过折半试探方法确定光斑区域的图像分割阈值区间后对目标图像进行分割。再分析计算目标图像分割区域(S1、S2)的像素面积参数(AS1、AS2、AS1-AS2、AS1/AS2),区域的灰度值信息熵(HS1、HS2)以及灰度值标准差(SDS1、SDS2)。将以上参数作为体系的图像参数集,对次郎甜柿的可溶性固形物含量进行主成分分析(PCA)。通过分析,得到对检测次郎甜柿可溶性固形物含量起主导作用的激光图像参数分量组合(AS1/AS2、HS2、SDS2)。以该分量组合建立对次郎甜柿可溶性固形物含量检测的改进型支持向量机(SVM)回归模型。模型性能参数(相关系数R达到0.990 5,决定系数D达到0.870 9)和验证性试验均表明该模型具有较好的稳定性和准确性(检测SSC的准确率平均值达到94.1%,标准差为0.014)。