Changes in antioxidative system and membrane damage of lettuce in response to salinity and boron toxicity

Individual and combined effects of salinity and B toxicity on growth, the major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities, ascorbic acid, proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, and stomatal resistance (SR), malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability (MP) and the concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and boron (B) of lettuce were investigated. Boron toxicity and salinity reduced growth of lettuce plants. Under B toxicity, B concentration of the plants was increased, but in the presence of NaCl, the concentration of B was significantly reduced. Sodium and Cl concentrations were increased in B + NaCl and NaCl treatments. Membrane damage was more pronounced in NaCl and B + NaCl treatments. Stomatal resistance of the plants was significantly increased by salinity treatments. The accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid was the highest in the B + NaCl treatment. In general, stress conditions significantly increased H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and APX) activities. The present results indicate that stomatal closure is an important response of lettuce against NaCl and B + NaCl stress. Furthermore NaCl and B + NaCl toxicity-induced oxidative stress in lettuce resulting in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities and also accumulation of ascorbic acid and proline are involved in order to overcome B- and NaCl-induced oxidative stress.     

万寿菊细菌性叶斑病药剂防治试验

通过室内抑菌筛选和田间小区及生产试验,从当前防治细菌性病害的药剂中,筛选出对万寿菊细菌性叶斑病防治效果较好的3种药剂及最佳使用浓度:90%新植霉素150mg/L,细菌清200 mg/L和72%农用链霉素150 mg/L,其防效分别为73.6%,72.7%和70.7%,且药效稳定,增产效果显著.     

家蚕微孢子虫(浙江株)α-微管蛋白基因部分片段的克隆及系统发育分析

基于微孢子虫分类学地位的争议,通过克隆家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)的α-Tubulin基因,利用BioEditor将核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸序列,并从NCBI中收集不同物种的α-Tubulin基因,用CLUSTALX(1.81)、Mega2以及在线生物信息学软件CLUSTALW(1.83)分析序列并构建系统发育树。结果显示:家蚕微孢子虫及其它微孢子虫与真菌聚为一类,且微孢子虫以一个独立群与接合菌(zygomycetes)的噬虫霉属(Entomophaga)、耳霉属(Conidiobolus)关系最近,与子囊菌(ascomycetes)、担子菌(basidiomycetes)、壶菌(chytrids)及其它接合菌互为姐妹群。     

玉米高直链淀粉基因ae的特异性PCR鉴定

根据ae基因序列设计21对引物,对4个常规玉米自交系和4个具有aeae纯合基因型的高直链淀粉玉米自交系及其杂交种进行特异性PCR鉴定。结果表明,引物8可将具有AeAe基因型的普通玉米自交系与具有aeae基因型高直链淀粉玉米区分开来,为将普通玉米自交系快速改良成高直链淀粉玉米自交系提供了一种有效的分子标记检测技术。     

喷施磷酸二氢钾对桃叶片和果实性状的影响

以不同成熟期的桃品种豫甜、豫香、秋甜、秋蜜红为试材,研究了喷施磷酸二氢钾对其叶片叶绿素含量、干鲜质量比及果实的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量等品质特性的影响。结果表明,喷施磷酸二氢钾能提高叶片中叶绿素含量、干鲜质量比和果实可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量;对果实的可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量影响不明显;叶片喷施不同浓度和次数的磷酸二氢钾均可推迟桃果实成熟期;喷施清水和对照处理间叶片性状和果实品质差异不明显;喷施磷酸二氢钾浓度和次数以500mg/L3次效果最显著,以300mg/L3次最经济有效。     

不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤水分动态、耗水量和产量的影响

为探讨不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤含水率、生育期耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响,于2005年4～11月在密云水库上游地区新城子蔡家甸有机苹果基地布设了3种灌溉方式(管灌、滴灌和微喷灌)及对照(不灌溉)共4个处理、3个重复的对比试验.分别在苹果树开花期、枝条速长期、成熟期和封冻前灌水,依据不同灌溉方式的灌溉效率以及田间土壤实际含水率等因素确定灌水量.结果表明:(1)在3种灌溉方式处理中,微喷灌、滴灌处理的0～60 cm土层土壤含水率较高,入渗深度在80 cm以内,未产生水分深层渗漏.管灌向下入渗深度大于微喷灌和滴灌,达到120 cm.(2)在整个生育期内,微喷灌和滴灌处理比管灌节约灌水量分别是31.99%和49.83%;微喷灌和滴灌条件下果园耗水量较管灌分别减少11.52%和12.49%.(3)从产量来看,微喷灌、滴灌、管灌产量分别比对照高25.74%、9.99%和0.78%;微喷灌产量达到51 000 kg/hm2;其水分利用效率最高且达到9.288 kg/m3.总体看来,微喷灌是相对较好的节水增效灌溉方式,值得在果园灌溉中应用.     

不同移栽深度结合一次性双层施肥对烤烟生长及产量品质的影响

从施肥技术和栽培措施两者相结合角度,通过大田试验对不同移栽深度结合一次性双层施肥对烤烟生长及产量品质的影响进行了研究.结果表明:壮苗一次性双层施肥9叶移栽能够促进烤烟生长发育,提高前期根系活力,增加根系一级侧根数目、根系干物质、烟株株高、茎围、有效叶片效、单株有效叶面积、地上部烟株干重和地上部干物质积累速率.与对照相比,壮苗一次性双层施肥9叶移栽烟叶产量增加145.5 kg/hm2,产值增加2 130元/hm2,烟叶均价增加0.46元/kg;同时,烟碱和总氮含量比对照下降了0.41%,总糖含量提高了1.57%,总糖/蛋白质和氮/碱比更趋协调.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘增温效应研究

利用2年沙漠边缘至绿洲4个观测点的气象资料,计算得到感热通量、湍流热量、净辐射、同一高度的气压等,讨论这些要素的时间和空间变化规律,解释绿洲至沙漠气温逐渐增加的原因,以对沙漠增温效应做出进一步的分析,为发挥特定地区的农业气候资源优势,促进农业结构调整和区域经济发展及构建新型农业技术体系提供理论基础.     

Genomic analysis of antifungal metabolite production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis> Pf-5

The complete genomic sequences of several Pseudomonas spp. that inhabit the rhizosphere are now available, providing a new opportunity to advance knowledge of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through genomics. Among these is the biological control bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Nearly 6% of the 7.07 Mb genome of Pf-5 is devoted to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics toxic to soilborne fungi and Oomycetes that infect plant roots, and two siderophores involved in iron acquisition. Three orphan gene clusters, for which the encoded natural product was unknown, also were identified in the genome of Pf-5. The product synthesized from one of the orphan gene clusters was identified recently using a new ‘genomisotopic approach’, which employs a combination of genomic sequence analysis and isotope guided fractionation. Application of the genomisotopic approach to one orphan gene cluster in Pf-5 resulted in the discovery of orfamide A, founder of a new group of bioactive cyclic lipopeptides with a putative role in biological control of plant disease.     

小麦LRR类抗病相关基因及其cDNA 3′末端的克隆与分析

抗病基因克隆对于培育抗病作物品种和研究病原物与寄主之间相互作用机制具有重要意义。目前,已经从多种植物中成功克隆了48个抗病基因[1]。从这些克隆的基因及其所揭示的产物结构和功能看,已克隆的植物抗病基因在氨基酸水平上表现了一定程度的相似性,在一些区段高度保守[2,3],这一特性使得同源克隆成为可能,目前已广泛用于植物抗病基因及其同源物的分离。其中Lr10是利用该技术获得成功克隆的首次报道[4]。cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification ofcDNA ends,RACE),是一种从低丰度转录本中快速扩增cDNA5′和3′末端简单而有效的方…